Dalton's Atomic
theory did explain
Mass conservation
Constant composition
Multiple Proportion
Vacuupm
Pump
Crt experiment
ym.jp
fdzns
coating
Low Pt High V
Em 1.76 10 Cig cathode
rays
elm value
depends on
gas anode rays J Thomson
é 1897
discovery
19
R.A Millikan calculated the charge on e 1.602 10 C 1906 1914
Cathode
rays My dm'Sanode X rays Highly penetrating
EM rays
X rays
a rays He particles
Penetration a 8
a B
p rays 0 particles similar to e Power
1 100 1000
r rays high energy rays like x rays elm value n ca sp e
1
0
I 1836
Rutherford's Experiment Gold foil thickness 100 nm
in 201000 a rays bounced back
Gg
Tatom 105 nucleus
de
b 02
says nothin about structure ofatoms
e
cudn'texplain nuclear collapse
KEE MI line spectra
was only qualitative
D
Be the C t T Chadwick discovered
on
neutron in 1932
Accelerated
charged particles create EM waves C X
I
Ph
Amplitude travel with speed oflight
Classical Physics failed to explain
1 Blackbody radiation 2 Photoelectric Effect Explained by Einstein
in go
hu huo t KEmax Not all é move with
same UE
I me a ancient peg
Aifpooon Photocurrent a Intensity
f
ÉLKEL
As temp body is M
of a
freq emitted radiation
of P
stopping Potential Vs a KEmax
Idiopathy Eiectionoféisinstantaneousnn
1 4 41
100 W bulb 7 Givesof 10031sec
4 Line spectra of atoms
E hv h 6.626 1034 Is
any
Atomic spectra proof of quantized energylevels cause
are
elements
of regularity
are like
spectroscopy of
fingerprints
H has simplest line spectra
uniqueness
RE at Imax htt n firstline
f f Amin N n Last line
lower higher
6 2
G 5,4 3,2 Balmer
5 Paschen
413,2 Ines
4 3,2 Brackett
3 2
Bohr's Model 1913 Forsingle é species H Het List Be etc
Radius of nthorbit 0.529 A
Wind Emmyh
1
Ng Go
Bohr's radial
2 Velocity in nth orbit 2.18 106
I
2
In Ms
3
3 Energy in nthorbit 13.62g er atom
Mvr
ng 2.18 1048 3 atom
21Tr nd
distance
e TE KE
me PE LTE
PE D
For H atom
92
at t é E BG V
E 3 y eV
Taken to a 1.51 e v
Ez
p Ey 0.85 eV
egg G s energy se Energy at a o
Dual Nature
failed because it couldn't explain of Matter
line spectra
of multi é systems
mathematical proof matter wave
of mvr nhkit a
ha
Stark Zeeman effect
it didn't consider dual nature ofmatter wave nature of e was confirmed
violated uncertainty principle Davisson Germer
by
Uncertainty Principle when quantum mechanics is applied to macroscopic
DH Dp from the classical mechanics
21
DE Dt 2
significant onlyfor
microscopic particles
For a system atom or molecule whose energy
doesn't change with time
EY MY Wa Moi
Existence of quantized
Total electronic energy levels is
a direct result the
energy
wave like
of
properties of e
and are allowed solutions
3 3 3 t
8th E v 4 0
of Schrodinger wave Egn
Solvted
for H
Possible levels
energy
and corresponding 4 must be single valued
Ez 42
Ig Y wave function
associated with each
energy level
n PrincipalQuantum No
Quantized
levels
energy YnemM l Azimuthal
me Magnetic
contains all the info about Energies in a single é system
Y the é in that energy state depend only on n
is different fordiff energy stater is a 25
2p c 35 3p 3 d
is a mathematical function whose man e system
name depends on the woman Energia in a
depend on ntl rule
the é in an atom
of 3s 3p Us
IS C 25 Cap
has no physical
meaning
is atomic orbital
P
b b in a unit volume FIX Hund's Rule
Orbitalangular momentum
JIE
spin angular
JEDI
As per Pauli's Exclusion Principle No 2 e in sameatom can have same set
all U Quantum nos
of
or we can that only 2 e can stay in one orbital
say
Energies of the orbitals in the same subshell decrease with 4 Left
eg Eas Li Eas Na Eas K
Cause
of stability of completelyfilled Halffilled subshells
Symmetricaldistribution of é
Exchange energy btw 2 é
of same spin in degenerate orbitals
triple
is the basis
of Hand's Rule
Relatively small shielding
n f 1
Nodes
Angular L
Nodes
I
Total Nodes n I
Iap
3d
at
paaras Mutt
