Section 4-5 Mesh Current Analysis with Independent Voltage Sources

P 4.5-1

Solution:
The mesh equations are
4 i 1 + 18 (i 1 − i 3 ) + 6 (i 1 − i 2 ) = 0
30 − 6 (i 1 − i 2 ) + 12 (i 2 − i 3 ) = 0
−12 (i 2 − i 3 ) − 18 (i 1 − i 3 ) − 42 = 0
or
28 i 1 − 6 i 2 − 18 i 3 = 0
−6 i 1 + 18 i 2 − 12 i 3 = −30
−18 i 1 − 12 i 2 + 30 i 3 = 42
so
i1 = 3 A, i2 = 2 A and i3 = 4 A.

P 4.5-2

Solution:
Top mesh:
8 (4 − 6) + R (4) + 20 (4 − 8) = 0
so R = 24 Ω.

Bottom, right mesh:

16 (8 − 6) + 20 (8 − 4) + v 2 = 0
so v2 = −112 V.

Bottom left mesh

−v 1 + 8 (6 − 4) + 16 (6 − 8) = 0
so v1 = −16 V.
P 4.5-3

S
Solution:
−6
Ohhm’s Law: i 2 = = −0.375
0 A
16
KV
VL for loop 11:
( )
R i 1 + 8 i 1 − i 2 + 6 + 18 = 0

KV
VL for loop 2
(
+ ( −6) − 6 − 8 i 1 − i 2 = 0 )
(
⇒ − 12 − 8 i 1 − ( −00.376) = 0 )
⇒ i 1 = −1.8
–1.8AA
R ( −1.9) + 8 ( −1.9 − ( −0.375) ) + 42 = 0 ⇒ R = 15.7 Ω

P 4.5-4

S
Solution:
K
KVL loop 1:

550 i a − 2 + 27
75 i a + 100 i a + 4 + 125 (i a − i b ) = 0
5550 i a −125 i b = −2

K
KVL loop 2:

−125(i a − i b ) − 4 + 125 i b + 125 i b + 8 + 225 i b = 0

−125 i a + 60
00 i b = − 4
⇒ i a = − 5.4 mA , i b = − 7.79 mA

P 4.5-5

S
Solution:
Mesh Eq
quations:

m
mesh 1 : 4i 1 + 4 (i 1 − i 2 ) + 10 = 0
m
mesh 2 : 4(i 2 − i 1 ) + 8 (i 2 − i 3 ) = 0
mesh 3 : − 10 + 8(i 3 − i 2 ) + 12i 3 = 0
m
Solving:
5
i = i2 ⇒ i = − = −0.147 A
34
P 4.5-6

Solution:
Replace series and parallel resistors with equivalent resistors:

60 Ω 300 Ω = 50 Ω , 40 Ω + 60 Ω = 100 Ω and 100 Ω + 30 Ω + ( 80 Ω 560 Ω ) = 200 Ω

so the simplified circuit is

The mesh equations are

200 i1 + 50 ( i1 − i 2 ) − 12 = 0
100 i 2 + 8 − 50 ( i1 − i 2 ) = 0
or
⎡ 250 −50⎤ ⎡ i1 ⎤ ⎡12 ⎤ ⎡ i1 ⎤ ⎡ 0.04 ⎤
⎢ −50 150 ⎥ ⎢i ⎥ = ⎢ −8⎥ ⇒ ⎢i ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ 2⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ −0.04 ⎦

The power supplied by the 12 V source is 12 i1 = 12 ( 0.04 ) = 0.48 W . The power supplied by the 8 V
source is −8i 2 = −8 ( −0.04 ) = 0.32 W . The power absorbed by the 30 Ω resistor is
i12 ( 30 ) = ( 0.04 ) ( 30 ) = 0.048 W .
2

(checked: LNAP 5/31/04)

 PSpice Problems

SP 4-1

Solution: The PSpice schematic after running a “Bias Point” simulation:

SP 4-2

Solution: The PSpice schematic after running a “Bias Point” simulation:

From the PSpice output file:

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME CURRENT

V_V1 -3.000E+00
V_V2 -2.250E+00

V_V3 -7.500E-01

The voltage source labeled V3 is a short circuit used to measure the mesh current. The mesh
currents are i1 = −3 A (the current in the voltage source labeled V1) and i2 = −0.75 A (the current
in the voltage source labeled V3).
SP 4-3

Solution: The PSpice schematic after running a “Bias Point” simulation:

The PSpice output file:

**** INCLUDING sp4_2-SCHEMATIC1.net ****

* source SP4_2
V_V4 0 N01588 12Vdc
R_R4 N01588 N01565 4k
V_V5 N01542 N01565 0Vdc
R_R5 0 N01516 4k
V_V6 N01542 N01516 8Vdc
I_I1 0 N01565 DC 2mAdc
I_I2 0 N01542 DC 1mAdc

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME CURRENT

V_V4 -4.000E-03
V_V5 2.000E-03
V_V6 -1.000E-03

From the PSpice schematic: va = −12 V, vb = vc = 4 V, vd = −4 V. From the output file: i = 2 mA.
SP 4-4

Solution: The PSpice schematic after running a “Bias Point” simulation:

The PSpice output file:

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME CURRENT

V_V7 -5.613E-01
V_V8 -6.008E-01

The current of the voltage source labeled V7 is also the current of the 2 Ω resistor at the top of
the circuit. However this current is directed from right to left in the 2 Ω resistor while the current
i is directed from left to right. Consequently, i = +5.613 A.
 Section 4.11 How Can We Check … ?

P 4.11-1

Solution:
vb − va 1 v −v
− + b c = 0
Apply KCL at node b: 4 2 5
−4.8 − 5.2 1 − 4.8 − 3.0
− + ≠0
4 2 5

The given voltages do not satisfy the KCL equation at node b. They are not correct.

P 4.11-2

Solution:
⎛v −v ⎞ v
−⎜ b a ⎟ − 2 + a = 0
⎝ 4 ⎠ 2
Apply KCL at node a:
⎛ 20 − 4 ⎞ 4
−⎜ ⎟−2+ = −4≠ 0
⎝ 4 ⎠ 2

The given voltages do not satisfy the KCL equation at node a. They are not correct.

P 4.11-3

Solution:
⎛ 12 − 7.5 ⎞ 7.5 7.5 − 6
Writing a node equation: −⎜ ⎟+ + =0
⎝ R1 ⎠ R3 R2
4.5 7.5 1.5
So − + + =0
R1 R3 R2
There are only three cases to consider. Suppose R1 = 5 kΩ and R 2 = R 3 = 10 kΩ. Then

4.5 7.5 1.5 −0.9 + 0.75 + 0.15

− + + = = 0
R1 R3 R2 1000
This choice of resistance values corresponds to branch currents that satisfy KCL. Therefore, it is indeed
possible that two of the resistances are 10 kΩ and the other resistance is 5 kΩ. The 5 kΩ is R1.
P 4.11-4

Solution: Applying KVL to each mesh:

Top mesh: 10 (2 − 4) + 12(2) + 4 (2 − 3) = 0

Bottom right mesh 8 (3 − 4) + 4 (3 − 2) + 4 = 0

Bottom, left mesh: 28 + 10 (4 − 2) + 8 (4 − 3) ≠ 0

(Perhaps the polarity of the 28 V source was entered incorrectly.)

KVL is not satified for the bottom, left mesh so the computer analysis is not correct.