PART B QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. Using nodal analysis determine the current in the 20 Ω resistor.

Convert all the voltage sources into their equivalent current sources.

I1= 10/10 = 1A

I = 20/10 = 2A
2

Apply KCL to node 1

2. Write the node voltage equations and determine the currents in each
branch for the network shown in fig
Applying Kirchoff's current law at node 1

5 = i10+ i3

5 = V1/10 + V1-V2/3

5 = V1/10 + V1/3 - V2/3

5 = V1(1/10 +1/3) -V2(1/3)…………(1)

At node 2

0 = i3 + i5 + i1………….(2)
Solving equ (1) and (2)

equ (1) ⇒ 5 = V1(0.43) - V2(0.33)

equ (2) ⇒ 10 = -V1(0.33) + V2(2.65)

V1 = 19.85 V, V2 = 10.9 V

I10 = V1/10 = 1.985A

I3 = V1 –V2/3 = 1.985-10.9/3 = 2.98A

I5 = V2/5 = 10.9/5 = 2.18A

I1 = V2-10/1 = 10.9 - 10 = 2.18A

3. Determine the node voltages for the network shown in fig

Apply KCL, at node (1)

V1/2 + V1-V2/12 = 4

0.5 V1 + 0.083 V1 - 0.083 V2 = 4

0.583V1 - 0.083V2 = 4 ………….(1)

At node (2)

V2/6 + V2-V1/12 + 2 = 0

0.167 V2 + 0.083 V2 -0.083 V1 = -2

-0.083V1 + 0.25V2 = -2

By solving the above two equations

V1 = 6V, V2 = -6V

4.Find V1 and V2 in the circuit given below using nodal analysis.

Using nodal analysis determine the current in the 20 Ω resistor.

Convert all the voltage sources into their equivalent current sources.

I1= 10/10 = 1A I = 20/10 = 2A

2

Apply KCL to node 1

5.Find V1 ,V2 ,V3 by nodal method for the given circuit.
 Write the node voltage equations and determine the currents in each
branch for the network shown in fig

Applying Kirchoff's current law at node 1

5 = i10+ i3

5 = V1/10 + V1-V2/3

5 = V1/10 + V1/3 - V2/3

5 = V1(1/10 +1/3) -V2(1/3)…………(1)

At node 2

0 = i3 + i5 + i1………….(2)

Solving equ (1) and (2)

equ (1) ⇒ 5 = V1(0.43) - V2(0.33)

equ (2) ⇒ 10 = -V1(0.33) + V2(2.65)

V1 = 19.85 V, V2 = 10.9 V

I10 = V1/10 = 1.985A

I3 = V1 –V2/3 = 1.985-10.9/3 = 2.98A

I5 = V2/5 = 10.9/5 = 2.18A

I1 = V2-10/1 = 10.9 - 10 = 2.18A

Determine the node voltages for the network shown in fig

Apply KCL, at node (1)

V1/2 + V1-V2/12 = 4

0.5 V1 + 0.083 V1 - 0.083 V2 = 4

0.583V1 - 0.083V2 = 4 ………….(1)

At node (2)

V2/6 + V2-V1/12 + 2 = 0

0.167 V2 + 0.083 V2 -0.083 V1 = -2

-0.083V1 + 0.25V2 = -2

By solving the above two equations

V1 = 6V, V2 = -6V

Find V1 ,V2 ,V3 by nodal method for the given circuit

Find V1 and V2 in the circuit given below using nodal analysis.

Solve the mesh and branch currents shown in figure.

First assign mesh (or) loop currents to the two meshes (ABCA and BDCB) as
i1 and i2. Assume the current directions as clockwise mesh ABCA

- 30i1 - 10(i1 - į2) + 120 = 0

-30i1 – 10 i1 + 10 i2 + 120 = 0

-40 i1 + 10 i2+ 120 = 0

120 = 40 i1 – 10 i2 …………(1)

Mesh BDCB

-50i2- 60 - 10(i2 – i1) = 0

-50i2 -10 i2 + 10 i1 - 60 = 0

-60 i2 + 10 i1 − 60 = 0

-60 = -10 i1 + 60 i2 …………..(2)

Multiplying equ (2) by 4 and adding the equ (2) in to equ (1)

120 = 40i1 - 10i2

-240= -40i1 +240i2

________________

-120 = 230i2

i2 = -120/230 = -0.521 A

The negative sign indicates that the direction of i2 is anticlockwise.

The i, value is substituted in equ (1)

40 i1 - 10 (-0.521) = 120

40 i1 + 5.21 = 120

40 i1 = 114.79

i1 = 114.79/40 = 2869 A
The actual direction of flow of mesh currents is shown in above fig

The mesh currents i1 = 2.869 A

i2 = 0.521 A

Current in branch CAB is

i1 = 2.869 A

Current in branch CDB is

i2 = 0.521 A

Current in branch BC is = i1 + i2

= 2.869 +0.521

= 3.39 A

Determine the voltage across the 3 Ω resistors in the network shown in

Let the currents in the various meshes of the network are i1, i2, i3 and i4.

Applying KVL to various meshes of the network for mesh AHGBA

-3 (i1 – i4) – 20 (i1 – i2) = 0

-3 i1 +3 i4 – 20 i1 + 20 i2 = 0

-23 i1 + 20 i2 + 3 i4 = 0 ………..(1)

For mesh GFCBG

-3 (i2 – i4) – 20 (i2 – i3) – 20 (i2 – i1) = 0

-3 i2 + 3 i4 – 20 i2 + 20 i3 – 20 i2 + 20 i1 = 0

20 i1 - 43 i2 + 20 i3 + 3 i4 = 0 ………..(2)

For mesh FEDCF

-3 (i3 – i4) – 20 (i3) – 20 (i3 – i2) = 0

-3 i3 + 3 i4 – 20 i3 – 20 i3 + 20 i2 = 0

20 i2 - 43 i3 + 3 i4 = 0 ………..(3)

For mesh ABCDJIA.

-3 (i4 – i1) – 3 (i4 – i2 ) – 3 (i4 – i3) + 50 = 0

-3 i4 + 3 i1 – 3 i4 + 3 i2 – 3 i4 + 3 i3 + 50 = 0

3 i1 - 3 i2 + 3 i3 – 9 i4 = –50 ………..(4)

Subtracting equ (1) from equ (3)

20 i2 - 43 i3 + 3 i4 = 0 → (3)

-23 i1 + 20 i2 + 3 i4 = 0

____________________

23 i1 – 43 i3 =0 ………. (5)

23 i1 = 43 i3

i1 = 1.87 i3 ………….(6)

Substracting equ (2) from equ (3)

20 i2 - 43 i3 + 3 i4 = 0 → (3)

-20 i1 + 43 i2 – 20 i3 – 3 i4 = 0 → (2)

______________________

– 20 i1 + 63 i2 – 63 i3 = 0 ………. (7)

Sub equ (6) in equ (7)

-20 (1.87 i3) + 63 i2 – 63 i3 = 0

-37.4 i3 + 63 i2 – 63 i3 = 0

-100.4 i3 + 63 i2 = 0
63 i2 = 100.4 i3

i2 = 100.4/63 i3

i2 = 1.6 i3 ………..(8)

Substituting equ (6) & (8) in equ (1)

-23 i1 + 20 i2 + 3 i4 = 0

-23(1.87 i3) + 20(1.6 i3) + 3i4 = 0

-43.01 i3 + 32 i3 + 3 i4 = 0

-11.01 i3 + 3i4 = 0

3i4 = 11.01 i3

I4 = 11.01/3 i3

I4 = 3.67 i3 ………..(9)

Substituting the values of i1, i2 and i4 into equ (4)

3i1 + 3i2 + 3i3 – 9i4 = -50

3(1.87 i3) + 3(1.6 i3) + 3i3 − 9(3.67 i3) = -50

5.61 i3 + 4.8 i3 + 3 i3 - 33.03 i3 = -50

-19.62 i3 = -50

i3 = 2.55 A

i1 = 1.87 (2.55)

= 4.76 A

i2 = 1.6 (2.55)

= 4.08 A

i4 = 3.67 (2.55)
= 9.35 A

Voltage across branch AB

V1 = 3 × (i4 - i1)

= 3 × (9.35 - 4.76)

= 13.77 V

Voltage across branch BC

V2 = 3 × (i4 - i2)

= 3 × (9.35 - 4.08)

= 15.81 V

Voltage across branch CD

V3 = 3 × (i4 - i3)

= 3 × (9.35 - 2.55)

= 20.4 V

Find the current in the 8 Ω resistor in the circuit shown in figure.

For mesh ABEFA

-10 (i1) + 15 – 5 i1 – 15 – 8 (i1 – i2) -5 i1 = 0

-10 i1 – 5 i1 – 8 i1 + 8 i2 – 5 i1 = 0

-28 i1 + 8 i2 = 0
-28 i1 = -8 i2

i2 = 28 i1/8 = 3.5 i1

For mesh BCDEB

-10 i2 + 25- 10 i2 – 8 (i2 – i1) + 15 = 0

-10 i2 + 25 – 10 i2 – 8 i2 + 8 i1 + 15 = 0

-28 i2 + 8 i1 + 40 = 0

40 = 28 i2 – 8 i1 ………..(2)

Sub i2 in equ (2)

40 = 28 (3.5 i1) - 8i1

40 = 98i1 - 8i1

40 = 90i1

i1 = 40/90 = 0.44 A

i2 = 3.5 (0.44)

= 1.54 A

current through 8 Ω resistor = i2 - i1

= 1.54 - 0.44

= 1.1 A

Determine the power dissipation in the 4 Ω resistor of the circuit shown in

figure.
Assume three mesh currents i1, i2 and i3. The current flow through 4 Ω resistor
is i2 - i3.

For mesh ABGHA

-5 i1 - 3 (i1 – i2) + 60 = 0

-5 i1- 3 i1 + 3 i2 + 60 = 0

60 = 8 i1 – 3 i2 …………(1)

For mesh BCFGB

-2 i2 - 4 (i2 – i3) – 3 (i2 – i1) = 0

-2 i2 – 4 i2 + 4 i3 – 3 i2 + 3 i1 = 0
– 3 i1 + 9 i2 – 4 i3 = 0 ………….(2)

For mesh CDEFC

-6 i3 - 20 - 4 (i3 – i2) = 0

-6 i3 - 20 – 4 i3 + 4 i2 = 0

-20 = - 4 i2 + 10 i1 …………(3)

Using the above three equations

Power dissipated in 4Ω resistor = (i2 - i3)2 × 4

[2.31 - (-1.07)]2 × 4

= 45.69 W

For the circuit shown in fig. Find the current flowing through the 10 Ω
resistor.

For loop: 1
-10 i1 - 2(i1 - i2) -2 (i1 - i3) + 40 = 0
-10 i1 – 2 i1 + 2 i2 – 2 i1 +2 i3 + 40 = 0
-14 i1 + 2 i2 +2 i3 + 40 = 0
40 = 14 i1 – 2 i2 – 2 i3 …………(1)
For loop: 2
-2 i2 - 12(i2 - i3) -2(i2 - i1) = 0
-2 i2 – 12 i2 + 12 i3 – 2 i2 + 2 i1 = 0
-16 i2 + 12 i3 + 2 i1 =
0 = −2i1 + 16i2 - 12i3 …………(2)
For loop : 3
-2 i3 - 12(i3 – i2) - 2(i3 - i1) = 0
-2 i3 – 12 i3 + 12 i2 – 2 i3 +2 i1 = 0
-16 i3+ 12 i2 + 2i1 = 0
0 = -2 i1 – 12 i2 + 16 i3 …………(3)
By solving the above three equations
i1 = 3.33 A, i2 = 1.67, A, i3 = 1.67 A
The current flowing through the 10Ω resistor is 3.33 A.
For the circuit shown in figure, find V1 using mesh analysis technique.

Converting the dependent current source with parallel resistance 6 Ω to

dependent voltage source so we have to redraw the circuit.

For mesh 1
−12 i1 − 2(i1 − i2) + 100 = 0
-12 i1 - 2 i1 + 2i2 + 100 = 0
100 = 14 i1 - 2i2 ………….(1)
For mesh 2
-10 i2 – 6 i2 - 3V1 - 2(i2 – i1) = 0
-16 i2 - 3V1 – 2 i2 + 2 i1 = 0
- 3V1 = – 2 i1 + 18 i2 ……………(2)
But
V1 = 2 (i1 - i2)
equ (2) becomes
-3(2(i1 - i2) = -2 i1 + 18 i2
-3(2i1 - 2i2) = -2i1 + 18 i2
-6i1 + 6i2 = -2i1 + 18 i2
0 = 4 i1 + 12 i2 …………..(3)
Solving equ (1) & (3)
i1 = 6.82 A, i2 = −2.27 A
V1 = 2(6.82 - (-2.27)
= 18.18 V