B.Tech.

7th Sem
CSE/M.Sc. CSE.

Introduction of
Embedded System

Dr. Madhusudan Maiti

Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, CGU
Email: [email protected]
Contents

01 Introduction

02 General Purpose Computer

03 Embedded Computer

04 History of Embedded System

05 CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

06 Text Book and Reference Book

14-07-2022 1
C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha
What is Embedded Systems?

 An embedded system is one that has computer hardware with software

embedded in it as one of its components.
 An embedded system is a special purpose computer system designed to perform
certain dedicated functions. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device
including hardware and mechanical parts.
 A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional
mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function.
 Example: MP3 players, Digital Cameras, Mobile phones, Washing Machine are
very common embedded systems in our life.

2
C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha
General-Purpose Computers

• Able to run a variety of software.

• Contain relatively high-performance hardware

components (fast processors, data & program
storage).

• Require an operating system (OS).

14-07-2022 2
C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha
General-Purpose Computers – Cont.
• Designed for heavy user • One implements the central
interaction. processing unit (CPU).
• Several implement data
• Uses a variety of peripherals memory and program storage.
(displays, keyboards, mice, internet
connections, wireless
communication capability). • Possesses a distributed architecture
(full functionality of the computer is
spread across multiple IC chips).
• Expensive ($100s - $1000s).

• Use a group of integrated circuits

or chips (ICs).

14-07-2022 2
C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha
Embedded Computers

 single
Resources
IC.
can be implemented on a

 Include a variety of peripherals (timers,

analog to digital converters (ADC), Digital
to analog converters (DAC), serial
interface) .

 Make them very versatile.

14-07-2022 2
C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha
Embedded Computers

• Contains firmware (only the

needed software which is not
intended to be changed
frequently).

• May contain Real Time

Operating Systems (RTOS)
which are used as a task
scheduler.

• Low cost

14-07-2022 2
C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha
Embedded Computers Attributes vs General-Purpose Computer

  





 


2
C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha
History of Embedded system
1. In 1960, embedded system was first used for developing Apollo Guidance System
by Charles Stark Draper at MIT.
2. In 1965, Automatics, developed the D-17B, the computer used in the Minuteman
missile guidance system.
3. In 1968, the first embedded system for a vehicle was released.
4. Texas Instruments developed the first microcontroller in 1971.
5. In 1987, the first embedded OS, VxWorks, was released by Wind River.
6. Microsoft’s Windows embedded CE in 1996.
7. By the late 1990s, the first embedded Linux system appeared.
8. The embedded market reach $140 billion in 2013.
9. Analysts are projecting an Embedded market larger than $40 billion by 2030.
CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Architecture of the Embedded System
CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
1. Application and Domain specific
2. Reactive and Real time
3. Operation in harsh environment
4. Distributed
5. Small size and weight
6. Power concerns
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES USED IN EMBEDDED SYSTEM
1. Reliability:
2. Fault-Tolerance:
3. Real-Time:
4. Flexibility:
5. Portability:
Applications of Embedded System
 Advantage of Embedded System
It is able to cover a wide variety of The embedded system is small in
environments. size.
Less likely to encore errors It has a fast operation.
Embedded System simplified hardware Offers improved product quality.
which, which reduces costs overall.
It optimizes the use of system
Offers an enhanced performance resources.
The embedded system is useful for mass It has a low power operation.
production.
The embedded system is highly reliable.
It has very few interconnections.
Disadvantage of Embedded System
To develop an embedded system needs high development effort.
It needs a long time to market.
Embedded systems do a very specific task, so it can’t be programmed to do
different things.
Embedded systems offer very limited resources for memory.
It doesn’t offer any technological improvement.
It is difficult to backup of embedded files.
Reference
Text Books:
T1. Rajkamal, “Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design”, TATA
McGraw-Hill
T2. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis,” Embedded Systems Design – A unified
Hardware /Software Introduction”, John Wiley, 2002
References:
R1. Shibu KV, “Introduction to Embedded Systems”, TMH

R2. S. Chattopadhyay, “Embedded System Design”, PHI

R3. David E.Simon,” An Embedded Software Primer”, Pearson Education Asia, First
Indian Reprint 2000
R4. https://www.guru99.com/embedded-systems-tutorial.html
14-07-2022 2
C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha
 Thank You

Dr. Madhusudan Maiti

Department of ETC

[email protected]

M o b : 9 4 7 5 3 0 1 1 3 2
www.cgu-odisha.ac.in