Basic & Applied Science Department

Calculus (1) sheet

EBA 1203

1|Page AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

Course Name: Calculus I Course Code: EBA 1203
Howard Anton, IRL C. Bivens and Stephen Davis, “Anton's Calculus:
Textbook
Early Transcendentals,” Wiley, 11th Edition, Global Edition, 2017
Week Course Weekly Contents Textbook
The Derivative Function, Techniques of
1 Sec 2.1 – Sec 2.4
Differentiation, The product and quotient rules.
2 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions. Sec 2.5
3 Derivative of Inverse Trigonometric Functions. Sec 3.3
4 Derivatives of Logarithmic function. Sec 3.2
5 Derivatives of Exponential function. Sec 3.3
Derivatives of Hyperbolic / Inverse Hyperbolic
6 Sec 6.9
functions
7 7th week exam -
The Implicit and parametric Differentiation. Sec 3.1
8 Sec 2.6 & Sec 10.1
9 Partial Differentiation. Sec 13.3
10 Indeterminate Forms and L’Hopital’s Rule. Sec 3.6
Application of differentiation in representing a
11 function in series expansion. Sec 9.7 – 9.8
(Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s expansions).
12 12th week exam -
Derivative applications:
(1) Physical applications Sec 2.1
13 Sec 4.1 – 4.4
(2) Curve sketching: Critical, maximum,
minimum and inflection points.
14 Conic sections: Parabola. Sec 10.4
15 Final revision. -
16 Final Exam -
Grading policy
week Exam Quizzes Assignments Grade
7th week 1 2 3 30
12th week 1 1 2 20
CW → 10
Final → 40
Total → 100

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Course outline:

Sheet (1): Rate of change and Basic rules of differentiation .................................. 4

Sheet (2): Trigonometric functions differentiation rules ....................................... 7

Sheet (3): Inverse Trigonometric functions differentiation rules........................ 11

Sheet (4): Natural Logarithmic function differentiation rules ............................ 14

Sheet (5): Exponential function differentiation rules ........................................... 17

Sheet (6): Hyperbolic & Inverse Hyperbolic functions differentiation rules ..... 20

Sheet (7): Implicit & Parametric differentiation rules ......................................... 24

Sheet (8): Partial differentiation rules ................................................................... 29

Sheet (9): The limit of a function, L’Hôpital’s rule .............................................. 32

Sheet (10): Application of differentiations in representing a Function in Series

Expansion ............................................................................................................... 35

Sheet (11): Application of derivatives: ................................................................... 37

1. Physical Applications ........................................................................................... 37

2. Curve Sketching ................................................................................................... 37

Sheet (12): Conic Sections: Parabola .................................................................... 43

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 Sheet (1): Rate of change and Basic rules of differentiation

▪ Derivative of a function is the slope of the tangent line for the curve
𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) at a certain point.
▪ The derivative of any function is calculated based on:

𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒇(𝒙𝟎 )
𝒚′ = = 𝒇′ (𝒙𝟎 ) =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒇(𝒙𝟎 + 𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) ∆𝒚
𝒇′ (𝒙𝟎 ) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒉 →𝟎 𝒉 𝒉 →𝟎 ∆𝒙

▪ Derivative rules:

𝒅𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒚′ =
𝒅𝒙
𝒌 𝟎

𝒙𝒏 𝒏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏

𝒙 𝟏

𝒌 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒌 𝒇′ (𝒙)

𝒇(𝒙) ± 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒇′ (𝒙) ± 𝒈′ (𝒙)

(𝒇(𝒙))𝒏 𝒏 (𝒇(𝒙))𝒏−𝟏 ∗ 𝒇′ (𝒙)

𝒇(𝒙) ∗ 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒇(𝒙) ∗ 𝒈′ (𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙) ∗ 𝒇′ (𝒙)

𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙) ∗ 𝒇′ (𝒙) − 𝒇(𝒙) ∗ 𝒈′ (𝒙)

𝒈(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙)

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 ▪ Lecture Problems:

A) Find the derivative o the following:

1) 𝐲 = 𝐱 𝟒 − 𝟑𝐱 −𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓𝐱 + 𝟏𝟎

𝟕
2) 𝐲 = (√𝐱 − 𝟏)

𝟏
3) 𝐲 = (𝐱𝟔
−𝟐)𝟓

4) 𝐲 = (𝐱 𝟑 − 𝟏)𝟓 ∗ (𝟐 + 𝟑𝐱 −𝟒 )𝟕

𝐱 𝟑 −𝟏
5) 𝐲 =
𝐱 𝟑 +𝟏

𝟒
𝐱 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟑
6) 𝐲 = ( )
𝐱 𝟑 +𝟏

𝟒 𝟒𝐲
B) If 𝐲 = (𝐱 + √𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏) , show that y'=
√𝐱 𝟐 −𝟏

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
C) Find for each of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝟐
1) 𝒚 = 𝐱 𝟕 − + 𝟏𝟔𝐱 + 𝟓
𝐱𝟑

2) 𝐲 = (𝟐 − 𝐱 𝟑 )𝟖

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 ▪ Tutorial Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
𝟑 𝟒
1) 𝒚 = − + 𝟔𝒙𝟓 + 𝟕 4) 𝒚 = √
𝒙−𝟏
’
𝒙 𝒙𝟐
𝒙+𝟏
𝟑
𝟏−𝒙𝟒 𝟐 −
𝟒
2) 𝒚 = ( ) 𝟏 𝟑
𝟏+𝒙𝟒 5) 𝒚 = (𝟏 − )
√𝒙
3) 𝒚 = √𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏(𝟏 − 𝟑𝒙)𝟓 6) 𝒚 = (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏)𝟔
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
B) Find for each of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙𝟐

1) 𝒚 = (𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏)𝟔
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
2) 𝒚 =
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏

▪ Homework Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
𝟓𝟑
1) 𝒚 = √𝒙𝟓 − 𝟒 5) 𝒚 = (√𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) √𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏
2) 𝒚 = 𝒙−𝟑 (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟒 )𝟓 𝒙𝟐 −𝟒
𝟕/𝟐
6) 𝒚=( )
3) 𝒚 = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟔 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙)𝟕 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐

4) 𝒚 = √𝒙(𝟏 − √𝒙)𝟔
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
B) Find for each of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝟑 𝟒
1) 𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝟐

𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
2) 𝒚 =
√𝒙+𝟏

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 Sheet (2): Trigonometric functions differentiation rules

▪ Trigonometric functions definitions:

▪ Graphs of Trigonometric functions:

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 ▪ Trigonometric Identities:
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 (𝒙) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 (𝒙) = 𝟏

𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 (𝒙) + 𝟏 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (𝒙)

𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 (𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (𝒙)

▪ Double Angle Rules:

𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝟐𝒙) = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙)
𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 (𝒙) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 (𝒙)
𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝟐𝐱) = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 (𝒙) − 𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝟐𝐱) = 𝟏 − 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 (𝒙)
▪ Addition/Subtraction Rules:
𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝑨 ± 𝑩) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝑨) 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝑩) ∓ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝑨) 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝑩)
𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝑨 ± 𝑩) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝑨) 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝑩) ± 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝑨) 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝑩)
▪ Derivative Rules:
𝒅𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒚′ =
𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒖) 𝒖′ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒖)

𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒖) −𝒖′ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒖)

𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝒖) 𝒖′ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (𝒖)

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 (𝒖) −𝒖′ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 (𝒖) 𝒄𝒐𝒕(𝒖)

𝒔𝒆𝒄 (𝒖) 𝒖′ 𝒔𝒆𝒄 (𝒖) 𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝒖)

𝒄𝒐𝒕 (𝒖) − 𝒖′ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (𝒖)

8|Page AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Lecture Problems:

A) Find the derivative of the following:

1) 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙𝟑

2) 𝒚 = (𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝒙) 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝟐𝒙

3) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 𝐜𝐨 𝐬 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝐜𝐨 𝐭 𝒙−𝟑

𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙−𝟏)
4) 𝒚 =
𝒙−𝟏

5) 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑 √𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏

𝐱𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙
6) 𝒚 =
𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝟑𝒙

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
B) Find for each of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝟑
1) 𝒚 = (𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙)−𝟐

2) 𝒚 = 𝐱𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙

C) If 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝐬𝐢 𝐧(𝒄𝒙) + 𝒃 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒄𝒙), where a, b, and c are constants,

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Show that: = − 𝒄𝟐 𝒚
𝒅𝒙𝟐

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 D) Tutorial Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:

1) 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 (𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝒙𝟐 ) 4) 𝒚 =
𝟏−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙
𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙

2) 𝒚 = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 5) 𝒚 = √𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒙𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑 𝒙

3) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟒𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝒙𝟑
6) 𝒚 = √𝒙 − 𝟏𝐬𝐢𝐧 √𝒙 − 𝟏

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
B) Find for each of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙𝟐

a. 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟒 (𝐜𝐨 𝐬 𝟐𝒙)

b. 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 𝒙

▪ Homework Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:

1) 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑 √𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 4) 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟒 √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏

2) 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 (√𝒙𝐭𝐚𝐧 √𝒙) 5) 𝒚 = (𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 √𝒙)𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 √𝒙

𝟑
3) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙𝟑 6) 𝒚 = √𝒙𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 √𝒙

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
B) Find for each of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙𝟐

a. 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟒 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙)

b. 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 𝒙

10 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 Sheet (3): Inverse Trigonometric functions differentiation rules

𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙) 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝒚)

Sine value Angle Corresponding Sine value

Angle

C) Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions:

11 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 D) Rules:
𝒅𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒚′ =
𝒅𝒙
−𝟏
𝒖′
𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒖)
√𝟏 − 𝒖𝟐
−𝒖′
𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 (𝒖)
√𝟏 − 𝒖𝟐
𝒖′
𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝒖)
𝟏 + 𝒖𝟐
−𝒖′
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 (𝒖)
|𝒖|√𝒖𝟐 − 𝟏
𝒖′
𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 (𝒖)
|𝒖|√𝒖𝟐 − 𝟏
−𝒖′
𝒄𝒐𝒕−𝟏 (𝒖)
𝟏 + 𝒖𝟐

E) Lecture Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
1) 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 √𝒙
2) 𝒚 = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒆−𝟏 𝟐𝒙
3) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 (𝟏 − 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝒙)
4) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 √𝒙 − 𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒙−𝟏
5) 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( )
𝒙+𝟏
𝟏−𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙
6) 𝒚 =
𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝒙

−(𝒚𝟐 +𝟏)
B) If 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝒙), show that 𝒚′ =
√𝟏−𝒙𝟐

12 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Tutorial Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
1) 𝒚 = √𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 √𝒙
2) 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙) + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)
3) 𝒚 = √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 − 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬−𝟏 𝒙
4) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 (𝒙𝟐 )
𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟑𝒙)
5) 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 ( )
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝟑𝒙)

𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝒙
6) 𝒚 =
𝟏−𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙

B) If 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙), show that (𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )(𝒚′ )𝟐 = 𝟒(𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )

▪ Homework Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
1) 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙𝟑
2) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝐜𝐬𝐜 −𝟏 √𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙
3) 𝒚 = √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 − 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬−𝟏 𝒙
𝟑 𝐱
4) 𝒚 = √𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 ( )
𝟒
𝒙−𝟒
5) 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 ( )
𝒙+𝟒
𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙
6) 𝒚 =
𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 √𝒙
𝒅 −𝟏 𝒙−𝟏 𝐝
B) Prove that (𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( )) = (𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒙))
𝒅𝒙 𝒙+𝟏 𝐝𝐱

13 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 Sheet (4): Natural Logarithmic function differentiation rules

The natural logarithmic function is denoted by

the special symbol (𝐥𝐧(𝒙)), which is a
logarithmic function with base 𝒆 but it is not
written.
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 (𝒃) = 𝐥𝐧(𝒃) = 𝒂
𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒃 = 𝒆𝒂

▪ Notes:

𝐥𝐧(𝟏) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 (𝒆𝟎 ) = 𝟎 𝐥𝐧(𝒆) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 (𝒆) = 𝟏

𝐥𝐧(𝟎) = − ∞ 𝐥𝐧(∞) = ∞

𝐥𝐧(𝒂𝒏 ) = 𝒏 𝐥𝐧(𝒂) 𝒍𝒏 (𝒆𝒏 ) = 𝒏 𝐥𝐧(𝒆) = 𝒏

𝒂
𝒍𝒏 (𝒂𝒃) = 𝒍𝒏 (𝒂) + 𝒍𝒏 (𝒃) 𝒍𝒏 ( ) = 𝒍𝒏 (𝒂) − 𝒍𝒏 (𝒃)
𝒃

▪ Differentiation rules:
′
𝒖′
𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏(𝒖) → 𝒚 =
𝒖
′
𝟏 𝒖′
𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 (𝒖) → 𝒚 =
𝒍𝒏 (𝒂) 𝒖
The technique of logarithmic differentiation is useful for differentiating
functions that are composed of products, quotients, and powers as the
properties of natural logarithmic function are used to simplify it first.
14 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)
 ▪ Lecture Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
1) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 5) 𝒚𝒙 = 𝒙𝒚

2) 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧 (𝒙−𝟒 (𝒙𝟓 − 𝟐) )
𝟔 6) 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝒙𝒙

𝟕 𝟑 (𝟏−𝒙𝟐 )𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝒙)

𝟒 𝟐
7) 𝐲 = √
𝒙𝟑 (𝟏−𝒙𝟐 ) 𝒙𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙𝟑 )
3) 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧 [ ]
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙(𝒙−𝟏)𝟓
𝟏
𝒙𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 (𝒙) 𝟒
4) 𝐲 = 𝒙𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙) 8) 𝒚 = ( 𝟓 )
(𝟏+𝒙)𝟒 √𝒙𝟐 +𝟏

B) If 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧(𝒔𝒆𝒄(𝒙) + 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝒙)) show that 𝒚′′ = 𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝒙) 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙)

▪ Tutorial Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
1) 𝒚 = (𝒍𝒏 (𝒙))𝟑
𝒙𝟑 −𝟏
2) 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧 ( )
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏

𝟒 (𝟏−𝒙)𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒙)

3) 𝒚 = √
𝒙𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝒙𝟑 )

4) 𝒚𝟓/𝟐 = 𝒙𝒍𝒏 (𝒙)

5) 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 √𝒙 − 𝒙𝒔𝒆𝒄 (𝒙)
𝟐
𝒙𝒙 (𝟐−𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙))𝒙
6) 𝐲 =
𝒙𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙)(𝟏−𝟐 𝒍𝒏 (𝒙))𝟓

B) If 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒍𝒏(𝒙)) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒍𝒏(𝒙)) show that 𝒙𝟐 𝒚′′ + 𝒙𝒚′ + 𝐲 = 𝟎

15 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Homework Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
1) 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏 (𝟏 − 𝒍𝒏 (𝒙))

2) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙)

3) 𝐲 = (𝒍𝒏 (𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙)))𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙)

𝒙𝟓 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙
4) √𝒚 = 𝟑
(𝟏+𝒙)𝟐 √𝒙𝟒 +𝟏

𝟒 (𝒙−𝟏)𝟓 (𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙))
5) 𝒚 = √
𝒙𝒙 (𝟐−𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙))𝟑

𝟑
(𝟏−𝒙𝟐 )𝟓 (𝟐−𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝒙)) 𝟐
6) 𝐲 = 𝒍𝒏 ( )
(𝟏−𝒍𝒏 (𝒙))𝟐 (𝟑−𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙))

7) 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝒙𝟑 ) − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄 (𝒙) − 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙)

16 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 Sheet (5): Exponential function differentiation rules

The exponential function is increasing with

the increase of value x in a rapid way. Several
real-life applications are represented in
exponential form such the growth rate of
populations, economy, etc… To get the rate of
change of these applications we use the derivative
of the exponential function.

𝒚 = 𝒆𝒂 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒂 = 𝐥𝐧(𝒚)

▪ Notes:

𝒂 𝒃 𝒂+𝒃 𝒆𝒂
𝒆 𝒆 = 𝒆 = 𝒆𝒂−𝒃
𝒆𝒃
(𝒆𝒂 )𝒃 = 𝒆𝒂𝒃 𝒆𝟎 = 𝟏
𝒃
𝒆𝐥𝐧(𝒂) = 𝒂 𝒆𝒃 𝐥𝐧(𝒂) = 𝒆𝒍𝒏 (𝒂 ) = 𝒂𝒃
𝟏 𝟏
𝒆∞ = ∞ 𝒆− ∞ = = =𝟎
𝒆∞ ∞

▪ Differentiation rules:
𝒚 = 𝒆𝒖 → 𝒚′ = 𝒖′ 𝒆𝒖

𝒚 = 𝒂𝒖 → 𝒚′ = 𝒖′ 𝒂𝒖 𝒍𝒏 (𝒂)

17 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Lecture Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
−𝟏 𝒙
1) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝐬𝐢𝐧
−𝟏 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)
2) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
3) 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 (𝒆𝒙 )
4) 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬−𝟏 (𝟏 − 𝒆−𝒙 )
5) 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 (𝒆𝒙 ) − 𝒙𝟒 𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙
𝒆𝒙 −𝒆−𝒙
6) 𝒚 =
𝒆𝒙 +𝒆−𝒙
𝒆𝟐𝒙 −𝒆−𝟐𝒙 𝟖
B) If 𝒚 = , 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝒚′ = (𝒆𝟐𝒙
𝒆𝟐𝒙 +𝒆−𝟐𝒙 +𝒆−𝟐𝒙 )𝟐
𝟏
C) If 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒍𝒏(𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏 √𝒙 )), show that 𝐲𝐲 ′ =
𝟐

▪ Tutorial Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
𝟓 −𝟑
1) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 𝒆𝒙
−𝟏 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙𝟑 ))
2) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒍𝒏 (𝐬𝐢𝐧
−𝟏 𝒙
3) 𝒚 = √𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟐 𝟔
𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙𝟑
4) 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏 [ ]
(𝟏−𝒆𝒙 )(𝟐−𝐱)

B) If 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙), show that 𝐲 ′′ + 𝒆−𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
C) Find for each of the following function:
𝒅𝒙𝟐

1) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
2) 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒆𝒙 )

18 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Homework Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
𝟑
1) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙
−𝟏 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)
2) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬
3) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄 (𝒆−𝒙 )
𝟏+𝒆𝟐𝒙
4) 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏 [ ]
(𝟏−𝒆−𝟐𝒙 )𝟑

B) If 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 + 𝒃 𝒆𝟑𝒙 , where a & b are constants,

show that 𝐲 ′′ − 𝒚′ − 𝟔𝐲 = 𝟎

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
C) Find for each of the following function:
𝒅𝒙𝟐

3) 𝒚 = 𝒆−𝟒 𝒙
4) 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏 (𝒆𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒)

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Sheet (6): Hyperbolic & Inverse Hyperbolic functions differentiation
rules
▪ Functions Definitions:

𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆−𝒙 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒙 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆−𝒙

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐 𝒆 + 𝒆−𝒙

𝟐 𝟐 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒙
𝐜𝐬𝐜𝐡 𝒙 = 𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡 𝒙 = 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝒆 − 𝒆−𝒙 𝒆 + 𝒆−𝒙 𝒆 − 𝒆−𝒙

▪ Hyperbolic functions Identities:

𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡𝟐 𝒖 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡𝟐 𝒖 = 𝟏

𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡𝟐 𝒖 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡𝟐 𝒖

𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡𝟐 𝒖 − 𝟏 = 𝒄𝒐𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡𝟐 𝒖

▪ Hyperbolic functions double angle rules:

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡(𝟐𝒖) = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝒖 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝒖

𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡(𝒖) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡𝟐 𝒖 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡𝟐 𝒖

𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡 𝒖
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡(𝟐𝒖) =
𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡𝟐 𝒖

20 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Differentiation rules:

𝒅𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒚′ =
𝒅𝒙

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(𝒖) 𝒖′ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 (𝒖)

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 (𝒖) 𝒖′ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 (𝒖)

𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 (𝒖) 𝒖′ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝟐 (𝒖)

𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒉 (𝒖) −𝒖′ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝟐 (𝒖)

𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡(𝒖) −𝒖′ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉 (𝒖) 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 (𝒖)

𝐜𝐬𝐜𝐡(𝒖) −𝒖′ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉 (𝒖) 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒉 (𝒖)

−𝟏
𝒖′
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 (𝒖)
√𝒖𝟐 + 𝟏
𝒖′
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉−𝟏 (𝒖)
√𝒖𝟐 − 𝟏
𝒖′
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 (𝒖) |𝒖| < 𝟏
𝟏 − 𝒖𝟐

21 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Lecture Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
1) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟒 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟐 𝒙𝟑
2) 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉(𝒙 𝒍𝒏 𝒙)
−𝟏 𝒙𝟐
3) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉
4) 𝒚 = (𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 √𝒙)(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉−𝟏 𝒙𝟐 )
𝟓
5) 𝒚 = √𝒙𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 𝒙𝟐
(𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉 𝒙
6) 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏 [ ]
√𝒙𝟑 −𝟏

B) Show that 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙

C) Show that 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒙 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒙 = 𝒆−𝒙

D) Show that 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐧 (𝒙 ± √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)

−𝟏 𝒙
E) Solve the following equation 𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 =𝟐

▪ Tutorial Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
1) 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒙𝟑
2) 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡−𝟏 (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉 𝟐𝒙)
3) 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡−𝟏 √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)
𝒙
4) 𝒚 = √𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡−𝟏 (𝒆−𝟐 )

B) Show that 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐧 (𝒙 ± √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)

𝟏+𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡 𝒙
C) Solve the following equation 𝒍𝒏 ( )=𝟓
𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡 𝒙

22 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Homework Problems:
A) Find the derivative of the following:
1) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒉𝟑 √𝒙
−𝟏 𝒙
2) 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒆𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡
3) 𝒚 = (𝟏 − 𝒍𝒏(𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙)) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡−𝟏 √𝒙

4) 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏√𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 (𝟑𝒙)
5) 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡−𝟏 (𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙)
6) 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡−𝟏 √𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙
𝟏 𝟏+𝒙
B) Show that 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒍𝒏 (𝟏−𝒙)

23 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 Sheet (7): Implicit & Parametric differentiation rules
B) Implicit Differentiation:
An equation of the form 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) is said to define y explicitly as a
function of x. However, sometimes functions are defined by equations not
of this form. The following equation represents that y is said to be defined
implicitly as a function of x.
𝒚𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝒙

In general, it is not necessary to solve an equation for y in terms of x in

order to differentiate the functions defined implicitly by the equation. The
method of implicit differentiation can be used as following:

𝒅𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒚′ =
𝒅𝒙
𝒙 𝟏

𝒙𝒏 𝒏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏

𝒙𝒚 𝒙 ∗ 𝒚′ + 𝒚 ∗ 𝟏

𝒚𝒏 𝒏 𝒚𝒏−𝟏 ∗ 𝒚′

𝒙 𝒚𝒏 𝒙 ∗ 𝒏 𝒚𝒏−𝟏 𝒚′ + 𝒚𝒏 ∗ 𝟏

24 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 C) Parametric Differentiation:

The function can be represented in one of two forms:

a) Cartesian form
𝒅𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) → 𝒚′ =
𝒅𝒙
b) Parametric form

𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒕) 𝒙 = 𝒈(𝒕)

𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒕
𝒚′ = = ∗ = 𝒅𝒕 → 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒕

To get higher order derivative using chain rule as follow:

′′
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅 𝒅𝒚 𝒅 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒚 𝒅 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒚′ 𝒅𝒕
𝒚 = = [ ]= [ ]= [ ] = ∗
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒙

𝟐
𝒅𝒚′
𝒅 𝒚
𝒚′′ = = 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒕

Hence,

𝟑
𝒅𝒚′′
𝒅 𝒚
𝒚′′′ = = 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒕

25 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Lecture Problems:
𝒅𝒚
A) Find of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙

1) 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟒 + 𝟕𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎
2) 𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬−𝟏 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒚
3) 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝒙𝒚) = 𝟓
4) 𝒚 = 𝒆−𝒙 + 𝒆𝒚
5) 𝒚𝒙 = 𝒙𝒚

𝒅𝒚
B) Find of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙
𝒍𝒏 (𝒕)
1) 𝒙 = 𝒕 𝒍𝒏 (𝒕) 𝒚=
𝒕

2) 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 (𝒕) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 (𝒕)

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
C) Find of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙𝟐
1) 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 (𝐭) 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒕)
2) 𝒙 = √𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝒕)

𝐭 𝐭
D) If 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) , 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( ) , show that 𝒚𝟑 𝒚′′ + 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝟏+𝐭 𝟏+𝐭

𝐭+𝟏 𝒕−𝟏 𝟓
E) If 𝒙 =
𝐭−𝟏
, 𝒚=(
𝒕+𝟏
) , show that 𝒚′′ = 𝟑𝟎 𝒙−𝟕

26 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Tutorial Problems:
𝒅𝒚
A) Find of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙

1) 𝒙−𝟐 𝒚𝟓 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐
𝒙
2) 𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒆𝒚
3) 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 (𝟐𝒙) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 (𝟐𝒚)
4) 𝒍𝒏 (𝒚) = 𝒙 + 𝒆𝒚
5) 𝒚𝟏+𝒙 + 𝒙𝟏+𝒚 = 𝟏

𝒅𝒚
B) Find of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙
𝟑𝒕 𝟑𝒕
1) 𝒙 = 𝒚=
𝟏+𝒕𝟑 𝟏+𝒕𝟑

2) 𝒙 = √𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒚 = √𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
C) Find of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙𝟐
3) 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝐭) + 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒕) 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒕) − 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒕)
4) 𝒙 = √𝒕𝟒 − 𝟏 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 (𝒕𝟐 )

𝐭−𝟏 𝐭−𝟏
D) If 𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( ) , 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 ( ) , show that 𝒚′′ = 𝒚−𝟑
𝟏+𝐭 𝟏+𝐭
𝟏 𝟏
E) If 𝒙 = 𝒕 + , 𝒚 = 𝒕𝟐 + , show that 𝒚′′ = 𝟐
𝐭 𝒕𝟐

27 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Homework Problems:
𝒅𝒚
A) Find of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙

1) 𝒚𝟒 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙𝟐 = 𝟕
2) 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
3) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡−𝟏 (𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒚) = 𝒙𝒚𝟑
𝟑
4) 𝒚 = 𝒆(𝒙+𝒚)
5) (𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚)𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 = (𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒚

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
B) If 𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝒕) − 𝒕 , 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 (𝒕) , Find
𝒅𝒙𝟐

C) If 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡−𝟏 (𝟐𝒕) , 𝒚 = √𝟒𝒕𝟐 − 𝟏 , show that 𝒚′′ − 𝒚 = 𝟎

𝐭−𝟏 𝐭+𝟏
D) If 𝒙 = 𝐭+𝟏 , 𝒚 = 𝐭−𝟏 , show that 𝒚′′ = 𝟐 𝒚𝟑

28 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 Sheet (8): Partial differentiation rules
𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)

Dependent Independent
variable variable

This type of functions is based on single variable, where 𝒚 is called the dependent
variable and 𝒙 is called the independent variable. For these types of functions, ordinary
𝒅𝒚
differentiation is used to get the derivative of 𝒚 w.r.t. 𝒙 as 𝒚′ =
𝒅𝒙

There are many familiar formulas in which a given variable depends on two or
more other variables. Such as the area of a triangle which is depends on the base length
and height and the volume of a rectangular box that depends on the length, the width,
and the height. For function based on two variables like 𝒁 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚), partial
differentiation is used:

▪ First order partial derivatives:

𝝏𝒁
𝒁𝒙 = → differentiation of 𝒁 w.r.t 𝒙 as 𝒚 is constant
𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝒁
𝒁𝒚 = → differentiation of 𝒁 w.r.t 𝒚 as 𝒙 is constant
𝝏𝒚

▪ Second order partial derivatives:

𝝏𝟐 𝒁
𝒁𝒙𝒙 = → differentiation of 𝒁 twice w.r.t 𝒙 as 𝒚 is constant
𝝏𝒙𝟐
𝝏𝟐 𝒁
𝒁𝒚𝒚 = → differentiation of 𝒁 twice w.r.t 𝒚 as 𝒙 is constant
𝝏𝒚𝟐

𝝏𝟐 𝒁 𝝏 𝝏𝒁
𝒁𝒙𝒚 =
𝝏𝒚𝝏𝒙
= ( ) → differentiation of 𝒁 w.r.t 𝒙 then w.r.t 𝒚
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

𝝏𝟐 𝒁 𝝏 𝝏𝒁
𝒁𝒚𝒙 = = ( ) → differentiation of 𝒁 w.r.t 𝒚 then w.r.t 𝒙
𝝏𝒙𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚

𝒁𝒙𝒚 = 𝒁𝒚𝒙

29 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Lecture Problems:
A) Find the first partial derivatives for each of the following functions:
1) 𝒛 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙𝟑
2) 𝒛 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒚)𝒙
𝒚
B) If 𝒛 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒙) show that:
𝛛𝒛 𝛛𝒛
1) 𝒙 −𝒚 =𝟏
𝛛𝒚 𝛛𝒙

𝛛𝟐 𝒛 𝛛𝟐 𝒛
2) 𝟐
+ =𝟎
𝛛𝒙 𝛛𝒚𝟐
𝛛𝒛 𝛛𝒛
C) If 𝒛 = 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) show that 𝒙 𝛛𝒚 − 𝒚 𝛛𝒙 = 𝟎
𝛛𝟐 𝒛 𝛛𝟐 𝒛
D) If 𝒛 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) show that 𝛛𝒙𝟐 − 𝛛𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝒛
𝟐 −𝒚𝟐 ) 𝛛𝟐 𝒛 𝛛𝟐 𝒛
E) If 𝒛 = 𝒆(𝒙 show that
𝛛𝒙 𝟐
+
𝛛𝒚𝟐
= 𝟒(𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒛

▪ Tutorial Problems:
A) Find the first partial derivatives for each of the following functions:
1) 𝒛 = 𝒚𝟐 (𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏)𝟓 + 𝟔𝒚𝟐 𝒙
2) 𝒛 = 𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 √𝒙 + 𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙𝒚)
𝒚
3) 𝒛 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( )
𝒙
𝒙
4) 𝒛 = 𝒆𝒚 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡−𝟏 (𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 )
𝒚 𝛛𝟐 𝒛 𝛛𝟐 𝒛
B) If 𝒛 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 (𝒙) show that 𝛛𝒙𝟐 + 𝛛𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒙−𝟏 𝛛𝟐 𝒛 𝛛𝟐 𝒛
C) If 𝒛 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒚−𝟏) show that 𝛛𝒙𝟐 + 𝛛𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎
𝛛𝟐 𝒛 𝛛𝟐 𝒛
D) If 𝒛 = 𝐥𝐧(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) show that 𝛛𝒙𝟐 + 𝛛𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎

30 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Homework Problems:
A) Find the first partial derivatives for each of the following functions:
1) 𝒛 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚𝟐
2) 𝒛 = (𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙 − 𝒚)
𝒚
𝒙
3) 𝒛 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒍𝒏 ( )
𝒚

4) 𝒛 = (𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚)𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒚
B) If 𝒛 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 (𝒙) show that:
𝛛𝒛 𝛛𝒛
1) 𝒚 −𝒙 = −𝟏
𝛛𝒙 𝛛𝒚

𝛛𝟐 𝒛 𝛛𝟐 𝒛
2) 𝟐
+ =𝟎
𝛛𝒙 𝛛𝒚𝟐

31 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 Sheet (9): The limit of a function, L’Hôpital’s rule
In this sheet a general method is considered for using derivatives to find
limits. This method is an extremely powerful tool that is used internally by many
computer programs to calculate limits of various types.

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝑭(𝒙) = 𝑭(𝒂)

𝒙→𝒂

▪ Determinate form where 𝑭(𝒂) is [constant, ∞, −∞]

𝟎 ∞
▪ Indeterminate form where 𝑭(𝒂) is [ , , 𝟎 ∗ ∞, ∞ − ∞, 𝟏∞ ]
𝟎 ∞

L’Hôpital’s rule is used to determine the limits for indeterminate forms. The
limits is calculated by:
𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒇′ (𝒙)
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝑭(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ′
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙 → 𝒂 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒙 → 𝒂 𝒈 (𝒙)

▪ Notes:

𝟏 𝟏
𝒆∞ = ∞ 𝒆− ∞ = = =𝟎
𝒆∞ ∞
𝒌 𝒌 𝟎
=𝟎 =∞ =𝟎
∞ 𝟎 𝒌

𝟏 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 (𝟎) = =∞ 𝒔𝒆𝒄 (𝟎) = =𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟎) 𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟎)

𝒍𝒏 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ≡ 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒍𝒏

32 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Lecture Problems:

Evaluate the following limits:

𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
1) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝝅
𝒙→ 𝟐𝒙− 𝝅
𝟐

𝟏− 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒙
2) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙𝟐

√𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙−√𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
3) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙 →𝟎 𝒙
𝝅𝒙
4) 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( )
𝒙 →𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙+𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐𝒙
5) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙 → 𝟎 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒙

6) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙)

𝒙→𝟎
𝟏
7) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙)𝒙𝟐
𝒙→𝟎
𝟏
8) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙)𝒙
𝒙→𝟎
𝒙+𝟑 𝒙
9) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( )
𝒙→∞𝒙−𝟏

▪ Tutorial Problems:
Evaluate the following limits:
𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙−𝟏
𝟏− 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( )
1) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐 5) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝝅−𝒙 𝒙 → 𝟎 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙− 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙+𝟏
𝒙→𝝅

𝒄𝒐𝒕 (
𝝅𝒙
) 6) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝝅(𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙)
2) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐 𝒙→
𝟐
𝒙 → 𝟏 𝟏−√𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒙−𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝟏−√𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 7) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
3) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙 → 𝟎 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙+𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟑𝒙
𝒙 →𝟎 𝒙𝟐
𝟏
𝒙 𝒙 8) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙)𝒙
4) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( ) 𝒙→𝟎
𝒙→∞𝒙+𝟏

33 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Homework Problems:
Evaluate the following limits:
𝟏− 𝒙𝟐
1) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙 → 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝅𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙𝟑 −𝟏)
2) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟏 𝒙−𝟏

√𝟏+ 𝒙−𝟏
3) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟑
𝒙 →𝟎 √𝟏+𝒙−𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝒙
4) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙 → 𝟎 𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝒙
𝟏
5) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙)𝒙
𝒙→𝟎

𝒙 𝒙−𝟐
6) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( )
𝒙→∞ 𝒙+𝟐
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝒙
7) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒙
8) 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙

34 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 Sheet (10): Application of differentiations in representing a Function
in Series Expansion
▪ Series Definition:

▪ Famous Series Expansions:

35 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Lecture Problems:
A) Find Maclaurin’s Expansion o Each of the following:
1) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝟐𝒙)
2) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒍𝒏 (𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙), Find approximate value to 𝒍𝒏 (𝟐. 𝟑).
B) Using Maclaurin’s Expansion to show that:
𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟒
i. 𝒆−𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙) = 𝟏 − 𝒙 + − +⋯
𝟑 𝟔
𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙) 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑
ii. =𝟏− − − +⋯
√𝟏+𝒙 𝟐 𝟖 𝟏𝟔

▪ Tutorial Problems:
A) Find Maclaurin’s Expansion o Each of the following:
1) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟑𝒙)
𝟏
2) 𝒇(𝒙) =
√𝟏+𝒙

3) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆−𝟑𝒙
B) Using Maclaurin’s Expansion to show that:
𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟓
i. 𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 + − +⋯
𝟑 𝟑𝟎
𝒆𝒙 𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝟖𝒙𝟑
ii. = 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙 + + +⋯
𝟏−𝒙 𝟐 𝟑

▪ Homework Problems:
A) Find Maclaurin’s Expansion o Each of the following:
1) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒍𝒏 (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝟏
2) 𝒇(𝒙) = Find approximate value to 𝒍𝒏 (𝟐. 𝟑).
𝟏+𝒙

B) Using Maclaurin’s Expansion to show that:

𝒆−𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑
i. =𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏−𝒙 𝟐 𝟑
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟒
ii. 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡(𝒙) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡(𝒙) = 𝟏 + 𝒙 + + + +⋯
𝟐 𝟔 𝟐𝟒

36 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 Sheet (11): Application of derivatives:
1. Physical Applications

2. Curve Sketching

Introduction:
▪ Differentiation represents the rate of change of the function 𝑓(𝑥) with
respect to the variable 𝑥. The derivative also represents the slope of the
tangent line of a curve at certain point.
▪ Therefore, there are many applications of the derivative such as getting the
maximum and minimum points of the function which is used in graphical
representation of the function.
▪ Also, the rate of change of distance with respect to time is calculated using
differentiation to represent the velocity. The acceleration also calculated as
the rate of change of velocity with respect to time or the second derivative
of the distance with respect to time.

1) Physical application o differentiation:

▪ The displacement of the particle is given by 𝑺(𝒕) (𝑚)
𝒅 𝑺(𝒕)
▪ The velocity 𝒗(𝒕) is given by 𝒗(𝒕) = (𝑚/𝑠)
𝒅𝒕
𝒅 𝒗(𝒕) 𝒅𝟐 𝑺(𝒕)
▪ The acceleration 𝒂(𝒕) is given by 𝒂(𝒕) = = (𝑚/𝑠 2 )
𝒅𝒕 𝒅 𝒕𝟐

37 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 2) Curve Sketching:

In order to sketch the curve represented

by 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) you should follow the
following steps:

a. Find the critical points (Extreme points):

• These points are representing the maximum and minimum points at which the
slope of the tangent is zero.
𝒅𝒚
= 𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙
• Get the point status as maximum or minimum by substituting the value of 𝒙 at
the critical points in 𝒇′′ (𝒙)
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
𝒊𝒇 = 𝒇′′ (𝒙) 𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒄 𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎
𝒅 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
𝒊𝒇 = 𝒇′′ (𝒙) 𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒄 𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎
𝒅 𝒙𝟐
b. Define the function behavior in the interval divided by the critical points by
substituting with a value of x in the interval into the first derivative, if:
𝒅𝒚
< 𝟎 (𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 − 𝒗𝒆) 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
> 𝟎 (𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 + 𝒗𝒆) 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝒅𝒙
c. Get the inflection points:
• These points represent the point at which the curve switches from concavity up
to down or vise verse and the second derivative is zero.
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 ′′
𝟐
= 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙

38 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 d. Define the type of concavity around the inflection points by substituting
with a value of x in the interval into the second derivative, if:

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
<𝟎 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒖𝒗𝒆 𝒖𝒑 ∪
𝒅 𝒙𝟐

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
>𝟎 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒖𝒗𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏 ∩
𝒅 𝒙𝟐

e. Get the intersection points of the function 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) with 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 by

setting 𝒚 = 𝟎 and calculate the value of x.
f. Get the intersection points of the function 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) with𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 by
setting 𝒙 = 𝟎 and calculate the value of y.

39 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Lecture Problems:
A) Find the velocity and the acceleration for each of the following:
a. 𝑺(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟑 − 𝟔𝒕𝟐 + 𝟕
𝟒 −𝟐
b. 𝑺(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟑 𝒆𝒕
c. 𝑺(𝒕) = 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟑𝒕𝟒 + √𝒕 − 𝟒
B) In each of the following curves,

1) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑
2) 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟕

Find:
a. The critical point.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. Sketch the curve.

C) In each of the following curves,

1) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏
2) 𝒚 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗)𝟐

Find:
a. The critical points.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. The inflection point.
e. The concavity of the curve.
f. Sketch the curve

40 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Tutorial Problems:
A) Find the velocity and the acceleration for each of the following:
a. 𝑺(𝒕) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟐𝒕) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝟐𝒕)
b. 𝑺(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟔 (𝟏 − 𝒍𝒏 (𝒕))𝟑
c. 𝑺(𝒕) = 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 (𝟒𝒕)

B) In each of the following curves,

1) 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎
2) 𝒚 = −𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙

Find:
a. The critical point.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. Sketch the curve.

C) In each of the following curves,

1) 𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑
2) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙

Find:
a. The critical points.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. The inflection point.
e. The concavity of the curve.
f. Sketch the curve

41 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Homework Problems:
A) Find the velocity and the acceleration for each of the following:
a. 𝑺(𝒕) = 𝟐𝒕𝟑 (𝟏 + 𝒍𝒏 (𝟒𝒕))
𝟏−𝒆𝟐𝒕
b. 𝑺(𝒕) =
𝟏+ 𝒆𝟐𝒕

c. 𝑺(𝒕) = 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 (𝟑𝒕) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 (𝟑𝒕)

B) In each of the following curves,

3) 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐
4) 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙

Find:
a. The critical point.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. Sketch the curve.

C) In each of the following curves,

3) 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖𝒙

4) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖

Find:
a. The critical points.
b. The intervals in which the curve is increasing and decreasing.
c. The local maximum and minimum points.
d. The inflection point.
e. The concavity of the curve.
f. Sketch the curve

42 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 Sheet (12): Conic Sections: Parabola

▪ Standard Equation of a Parabola:

43 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Shifted Equation of a Parabola:

44 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)

 ▪ Lecture Problems:
1) (𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 (𝒚 + 𝟑)
2) (𝒚 + 𝟐)𝟐 = −𝟏𝟔 (𝒙 − 𝟐)
3) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎
4) 𝟐𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎
5) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎
6) 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎

▪ Tutorial Problems:
1) (𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 (𝒙 + 𝟑)
2) (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 = −𝟖 (𝒚 + 𝟒)
3) 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟎
4) 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
5) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎
6) 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎

▪ Homework Problems:
1) 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎
2) 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒚 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
3) 𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎
4) 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟎

45 | P a g e AAST - Smart Village Campus Calculus (1)