34 ASSIGNMENT Instruction: In the two boxes below, draw symbols that represent you real self and ideal self respectively. Symbols may be in the form of actual objects or anything that may symbolize your perception of who you are (real) and those that portray the things that you would like to become. My Real Self My Ideal Self Questions for Reflection: 1, What did you feel while you were doing the ac35 2. Compare your drawings of your real self and ideal self, Are the two the same? If so, why do you think those are the same? If the drawings in the real self-box and ideal self-box are not the same, why do you think? 3. What are your insights from this activity? REFERENCES, Atkinson, H.E.R. & Atkinson, R. & Atkinson, R.C. (2015) Introduction to Psychology. New York: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Fisher, S. & Greenberg, R. P. (1996). Freud scientifically reappraised: Testing the theories and therapy. New York: Wiley. Freud, S. (1905). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. Standard Edition 7: 123- 246. Go-Monilla, M.J.A. & Ramirez, N.C. (2018) Understanding the Self Quezon City: C &E Publishing, Inc. Hall, C.S., Lindzey, G., Campbell, J. (2007) Theories of Personality 4" Edition. Wiley & Sons New York: Schultz, D.P. & Schultz, E.S. (2017) Theories of Personality 11" Edition Australia: Cengage Learning. Teh, LA. & Macapagal, M.E.J. (2007) General Psychology for Filipino College Students Quezon City: Ateneo De Manila University Press.PHYSICA OVERVIE W The two Important representations of self are physical and sexual. ‘The first identifies biological sexual and environmental factors that affects the physical self as well as issues and challenges that individual face with regards to the physical characteristics. The second discusses sexual attributes, characteristics, gender, and responsible sexual behavior. OBJECTIVES + Identity the stages of life and explain the physical changes that occur Bete cess + Recognize the contibulons of genetic and environmental factors tthe a physical development Describe the factors that affect body image Examine the impact of culture on body image and self Develop a positive body image Identify the development of sex characteristics and the human reproductive system * Determine between attraction, love and attachment ‘+ Identity the causes and consequences of sexually transmitted infections and early pregnancy + Familiarize on the importance of contraception and Reproductive Health Law GECO2: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF ‘SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY37 THE PHYSICAL SELF + The physical self refers to the body such as physical extremities and internal organs + They both perform and work together to perform there functions (ex: respiratory system for breathing) + Inaddition there ability changes through individual's aging. (at peak bet, the age of 20 and 30 slowly declines at middle age) * Adolescence begins with the onset puberty Life Span Refers to the development from conception to death HTT Prenatal - Fertilization to birth Infancy - Birth to 2 weeks to life Babyhood - 2 weeks of life to 2nd year Early Childhood - 2 to 6 years old Late Childhood - 6 to 10 or 12 years Puberty - 10 or 12 to 14 years old Adolescence - 14 to 18 years old Early Adulthood - 18 to 40 years old Middle Adulthood - 40 to 60 years years old (0. Late Adulthood or Senescene - 60 to death BO@NODRENS Factors Affecting Physical Growth and Development There are two factors affecting the Physical Growth and Development | 1. Heredity -is the biological of the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring 2. Environment - refers to the factors an individual is exposed to throughout life which includes learning experience. Environment factors such as diet, nutrition, and diseases play an important role in an individual's physical development.38 Chromosomes * Are threadlike tissues that carries the genes and are usually found in pairs. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes which are classified as autosome or trait chromosomes (22 pairs) and gonosomes or sex chromosomes + Genes are basic carrier of hereditary traits and are classified as dominant (strong genes) and recessive (weak genes) Theories of Physical Self + Theory of Physiognomy + Person's physical characteristics such as facial features and expressions and body structures could be related to a person's character ot personality Five Element Theory Asserts the world and changes according to the five elements’ generating and overcoming relationships. Generating and overcoming are the complementary elements. ¥ Generating processes — promote development ¥ Overcoming processes ~ control development Five Generating Interactions Five Overcoming Interactions > Fueling Melting > Forming Penetrating > Containing Separating > Carrying Absorbing > Feeding Quenching + Theory of Hippocrates + Atheory based on the prominence of the body fluids + Excess offor deficiency in an any the four bodily fluids (or humors) in a person influences their personality, temperament, and wellbeing. ‘Sanguine Type — has the prominence of red bile Melancholic Type —has the prominence of black bile Choleric Type - has the prominence of yellow bile Phlegrratic Type - has the excess phlegm39 Body Type Theory vitiam Sheldon 1940's) Ectoroph Body Type i tal and thin Sswong Musculer body. Energetle Body ype is sot and plump Resvained, quiet, invoverted, and arstc adventuous, asserive and courageous. Easy going and sociable. The Wisdom of Your Face ‘According to Jean Haner (2008) ¥ Oval - Shaped Face hospitable and tactful Face Shapes y Round - Shaped Face- friendly, kindhearted and selfless ¥ Square Face- witty, analytical, and great leade 8 y_ Heart - Shaped Face- patient and intuitive by nature y_Long- Shaped Face- perfectionist and tend to be aggressive ¥ Triangle - Shaped Face- creative, artistic, sensitive and determined ¥ Darrond Face- detail-oriented and tke to be control According to Squier and Mew (1981) ¥ Longand Anguar - Shaped Face - responsive, assertive genuine v Short and Square - Shaped Face- restrained, conforming and shrewd40 Body Image + Refers to how individuals perceive, think, and feel about their physical appearance. * Body image is related to self-esteem which is a person's overall evaluation of his or her own worth + Refers to everything about a person that others can observe such as height, weight, skin, color. Clothes and hairstyle. + The way adolescents react to their physical appearance depends in part on socio-cultural factors, + The emphasis that peers, parents, or the media put on ideal body types which is slim or thin leads girls to experience body dissatisfaction + Girls who have higher body dissatisfaction are likely to experience depression, low self- esteem, and eating disorders (damello 2014) The Importance of Beauty + In Egyptian art, beauty in women with stim, high waist, narrow hips, and long black hair. In contrast, woman with a full figure and rounded hips were considered beautiful during renaissance period * Generally, humans who have clean and unblemished skin, thick shiny hair, well - proport ioned bodies and symmetrical faces, are traditionally considered the most beautiful Beauty in Media + Advertisements, magazines and televisions are filled with good looking faces which emp hasize the value of physical attractiveness. People tend to be influenced by the beautiful faces and —_ bodies they see in media in the way determine what is beautiful and what is not Body Modification ‘+ One form is tattooing which injects ink onto the skin to draw a design. Make-up can also be permanently tattooed. Body piercing is another type which lets people wear jewe Iry through different piercings in their body. Cosmetic surgery which includes surgica land non-surgical procedures to restore, reconstruct or alter body parts like breast en hancement, nose lift, etc. + Whether beauty is biologically programmed or culturally constructed, it remains important in all societies. Studies have shown that men and women who are physically attractive h ave more opportunities in finding jobs, getting promotions and having higher income, Generally, unattractive people are less liked and assisted. + Different cultures have different definitions and perceptions of beauty. People often say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. The fact that a number of Filipinas have won international beauty contests shows that Filipinas are among the women who are perceiv ed tobe the most beautiful in the world + People tend to judge others based on physical appearances. It is important to see into th e person's inner thoughts and feelings. Above all things physical, itis more impo rant to be beautiful on the inside.41 Ways to Improve Your Body Image and Inner Self = Smile a fot = Take good care of your health = Live a welkbalanced Ife + Dress well and be neat = Spend some time alone to reflect = Be creative and do something new all the time = Develop a wholesome atltude toward sex = Avoid temptations = Respect individuality 2 Make frends + Face your fears = Be independent = Accept things as they are 2 Askand listen + Think positive + Pray = Count your blessings + Be thankful PL iud Instruction: Create a collage using your own pictures to show how you developed from the time you were born up to present. For each picture, write a caption to tell a story about your own evolution Focus on the physical changes manifested while you were growing up. Be creative.42 THE SEXUAL SELF 4 Development of Sex Characteristics and the Human Reproductiv e System Primary Sex Characteristics + Physical characteristics that are present at birth + The characteristics that distinguish male from females. Females - characteristics includes the vagina, uterus and ovaries Males — characteristics includes the penis, testes or testicles, scrotum and prostate glands Secondary Sex Characteristics ‘+ Development during the onset of puberty Female — enlargement of breast, onset menstruation, widening of the hips, e nlargement of buttocks, growth of pubic hair. Male — testicular growth, sperm production, appearance of facial, pubic or other p ubic hair, deepening of voice. The Human Reproductive System HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Male Organs Female organs Sexual Arousal and Erogenous Zones: What turns People On Erogenous Zones + Are areas of the body that are highly sensitive and produce sexual response when stimulated.43 + These includes the genitals, mouth, breast, ears, anus and to a lesser degree, the entire surface of the body + One of the most basic forms of sexual stimulation is masturbation or self- stimulation that causes sexual pleasure or orgasm. Cognitive Factors © Play an important role in sexual arousal of humans. Culture * Influences the expression of sexual desire + Norms continue shapes the sexual activity along the socially acceptable behaviors. Four Phases of Sexual Response William Masters and Virginia Johnson 1. Excitement Phase - the beginning of sexual arousal and can last from one minute to several hours Plateau Phase - the change in the body continue Orgasmic Phase ~ Contractions of muscle in and around the penis stimulate the release of semen which contains the sperm cells. 4. Resolution Phase — The body return to its normal state after orgasm. 2, 3 + Attraction, Love and Attachment Puberty ‘+ Itis an important stage in sexual development. It is the time when many boys and girls first experience their first sexual attraction. Initial attraction is influenced by: > Social Norms ~ Influence attraction in several ways such as in determining who are appropriate as lovers and spouse v Physical Attractiveness — the degree to which a person's physical traits are regarded as aesthetically pleasing or beautiful > Processes of Interpersonal Exchange - Social exchange theory.44 Social Exchange Theory + Proposes that attraction is the result of an exchange process. + People tends to view relationships as the result of the rewards and costs they entail + As the relationship develops, the sharing of activities and information contributes to increase attraction, liking, trust and love. Three Components of Love 1. Intimacy Component ~ refers to the feelings of closeness, connectedness and bondedness. 2. Passion Component — refers to the drives that leads to romance, physical attraction and sexual consummation, 3. Commitment Component — refers to the decision to love and the commitment to maintain that love. Romantic Love + Includes a complex combination of different emotions such as fear, anger, sexual desire, joy and jealousy. Some of this emotions may also be sources of suffering (Santrock, 2012) + Has a strong component of sexual attraction and infatuation and is often experienced in the early stage of a love relationship. Important ingredients of Romantic Love 4. Lust - Driven by desire for sexual attraction 2. Attraction - Often associated with sexual attraction 3. Attachment - Occurs when individuals desire to connect with another person intimately, also be called affectionate or companionate love Attachments According to Helen Fisher * Biological anthropologist and expert in the science of human attraction suggest that the important ingredients of romantic love; lust, attraction and attachment. According to John Bowbly + Defines attachment as a strong affectionate tie that binds a person to an intimate companion. + Maintains that the quality of early parent-child attachment has lasting impact on the kind of relationships people have later in life, including romantic relationships. + The ability to form a stable and close relationships begins at infancy, in a child earliest experience with a caregiver who meets his or her needs & Sexual Orientation ‘Sexual Orientation refers to a person's sexual identity anchored on what gender they are attracted to.4s Most Common Sexual Orientation: © Heterosexuality - Sexually attracted to the opposite sex + Homosexuality - Sexually attracted to the same sex + Bisexuality - Attracted to both opposite and same sex Homosexual Males - are referred to as gays Homosexual Females - are referred as /esbian Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s) and Early Pregnancies Contracted primarily through sexual contact Bacterial infections are treatable with antibiotics, but viruses such as HIV/AIDS are more difficult to treat and often incurable. + Even curable bacteria can cause serious health problems if ignored and left untreated. + Some bacterial infections are difficult to detect because some symptoms are not immediately noticeable. + STI's commonly include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, genital herpes, and genital warts. HIV/AIDS ‘+ Infections caused by direct contact body with fluids such as through blood transfusion, breast feeding, and sexual intercourse. + Attacks immune system and infected person eventually dies. Gonorrhea + Caused by gonococcal bacteria which attack the lining of the mucous membrane such as mouth, throat, vagina, and urethra. ‘+ Itcan be treated by penicillin or other antibiotics.Syphilis + Infects the genital areas and other Parts of the body including the brain Can cause paralysis or even death when left untreated. Chlamydia Genital Herpes * Can cause tingling sensations, abscesses, and blisters in genital area, + There is no cure for herpes. Genital Warts Early Pregnancy > The major concer in the Philippines > Complication may arise during pregnancy. 46 Stage 2 stage rome Cause by chlamydia trachomatis. In men, can cause swollen testicles and burning ‘sensation during urinization. + In women, can cause ste because it fallopian tube. if let untreated ovaries and damages uterus, + Causes by human papillomavirus and women with papillomavirus are prone cervical cancer. > Female reproductive organ is not yet mature during adolescence. > Creates health risk among young mothers and their babiesa7 Methods of Contraception Condom Oral Contraceptive pills Intarauterine device or |UD Birth Control Injection Contraception ‘+ Refers to the methods that are used to prevent pregnancy. Cervical Mucus Method ‘+ Also called Billing Ovulation Method ‘* A type of natural family planning methods based on careful observation of mucus pattern during the course of the menstrual cycle. Mucus Pattern ‘* Help in determining when a woman is most likely to conceive or not The Reproductive Health Law “© Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 also known as Reproductive Health law or RH Law + Guarantees universal access to method of contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and material care. + Provides for the “Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS and other STIs/STDs. + Aims to keep couples and women especially, well-informed about available family planning methods that they can freely use depending on their needs and beliefs. + Aims to promote awareness among adolescent and youth on sexuality and reproductive 1. Is the topic about attraction, love and attachment relevant to you? How are you going to apply your experiences in understanding your sexual self? Write an essay about this 2. What relational dynamic do you think was modeled to you by your parents that affected your relationship with menwomen?