PHYSICAL SELF

- The "self" is made up of six key parts: physical, sexual, spiritual,material, political, and digital.
- All these parts are important to fully understand yourself.

THE PHYSICAL SELF

- The physical self is your body.
- The body includes all parts like arms, legs,and organs, which work together so we can breathe, walk,
eat, sleep, and do other things.
- How well our body works changes as we get older.
- The body is usually at its weakest during early childhood and old age.
• The body usually works at its best in early adulthood, between ages 20 and 30, but then it slowly begins
to lose strength as people reach middle age.
• Physical growth in childhood is steady but slower than the fast growth that happens during babyhood.
• Adolescence starts when puberty begins.
• This stage involves quick physical changes, including the development of the reproductive system.
• Everyone goes through different stages of growth and development throughout their life.
• "Life span" means the entire process of development from the start of life to the end.
• Elizabeth B. Hurlock describes the stages that make up a person’s life span.
Elizabeth B. Hurlock describes the stages of life as:

1. Prenatal – from conception until birth 6. Puberty – ages 10 or 12 to 14

2. Infancy – from 2 weeks old to age 2 7. Adolescence – ages 14 to 18
3. Babyhood – from 2 weeks to age 2 (same as 8. Early Adulthood – ages 18 to 40
infancy) 9. Middle Adulthood – ages 40 to 60
4. Early Childhood – ages 2 to 6 10. Late Adulthood or Old Age – age 60 and
5. Late Childhood – ages 6 to 10 or 12 older

Two Factors Affecting Physical Growth and Development

- Physical growth and development are influenced by both heredity and environment.
1. Heredity – This is the passing down of traits from parents to their children through biology.
2. Environment – These are the things a person experiences in life, including learning and different life
events.
- Environmental factors like diet, nutrition, and diseases are important for a person’s physical
development.
• A person’s sex and physical traits are determined by chromosomes and genes when the egg and sperm
join during fertilization.
• Chromosomes are thread-like structures that carry genes, and they usually come in pairs.
• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes: 22 pairs determine traits, and the 23rd pair (from both
parents) determines sex.
• Genes are the basic units that carry inherited traits. They can be dominant (strong) or recessive
(weaker).
THEORIES OF PHYSICAL SELF
1. Theory of Physiognomy – This theory suggests that physical features like facial expressions and
body structure may relate to a person’s character or personality.
• In Chinese face reading, the face is seen as a three-dimensional view of “who we are and how life has
shaped us.”
• This practice is based on the Five Element Theory, which uses five elements—water, wood, fire,
earth, and metal—to describe everything in nature.
• Each element is connected to things like seasons, colors, shapes, sounds, facial features, body types,
main organs, and behavior patterns.
• Face readers look at facial features and markings to understand a person’s mental, emotional, and
physical traits.
2 In ancient Greece, Hippocrates created a theory that linked personality to the balance of four
body fluids (also called "humors").
- According to this theory, too much or too little of any humor affects a person’s personality, mood, and
health.
1. Sanguine Type – has more red bile.
- They are often impulsive, cheerful, happy, and optimistic.
2. Melancholic Type – has more black bile.
- They tend to feel sad and be more pessimistic.
3. Choleric Type – has more yellow bile.
- They are quick to anger, excitable, and have strong emotions.
4. Phlegmatic Type – has more phlegm.
- They are often calm, slow-moving, and less energetic.

3. In the 1940s, William Sheldon created a

Body-Type Theory based on people's
physical features. The three body types are:
1. Endomorphic – typically round and soft.
2. Mesomorphic – muscular and athletic.
3. Ectomorphic – thin and lean.

1. Endomorphic
- A person with an endomorphic body type is soft and round.
- People with this body type are often seen as easygoing and friendly.
2. Mesomorphic
• A person with a mesomorphic body type has a strong, muscular body.
• People with this body type are often seen as energetic, adventurous, confident, and brave.
• They tend to be competitive and like to take charge.
3. Ectomorphic
-A person with an ectomorphic body type is tall and thin. People with this body type are often seen as
reserved, quiet, shy, and creative.
4. In her book The Wisdom of
Your Face (2008), Jean Haner suggests that:
1. People with oval-shaped faces are usually friendly and good at handling social situations.
2. People with round-shaped faces tend to be friendly, kind, and caring.
3. People with square faces are often clever, analytical, and strong leaders.
4. People with heart-shaped faces are often patient and kind.
5. People with long-shaped faces tend to be perfectionists and can be aggressive.
6. People with triangle-shaped faces are usually creative, artistic, sensitive, and determined.
7. People with diamond-shaped faces pay close attention to details and like to be in charge.

THEORIES OF PHYSICAL SELF

Haner (2008) also suggests that:
1. People with full and thick eyebrows are often confident, assertive, and focused on their goals.
2. People with large or well defined jaws have strong values and beliefs.

3. An earlier study by Squire and Mew

(1981) suggests that people with long and angular faces tend to be responsive, assertive, and also
more reserved, conforming, and clever.

BODY IMAGE
•Body image is how a person sees, thinks, and feels about their body and how they look.
• Appearance includes everything others can see about a person, like height, weight, skin, clothes, and
hairstyle.
•By looking a certain way, a person can show others what kind of person they are
(Dal-amater & Myers, 2012).
• The age when puberty starts can affect how teenagers feel about themselves and how others treat them
(Feldman, 2010).
• Body image is connected to self esteem, which is how a person overall values their own worth.
• Body image can impact both the physical and mental health of teenagers.
• Teenagers often worry about different parts of their bodies.
• Both boys and girls can have negative feelings about themselves because this stage of
development can be confusing.
•However, girls usually care more about their appearance and body image than boys do.
• The biggest concern for girls is how their bodies match up to ideal ideas of beauty. How teenagers
respond to their appearance is partly influenced by social and cultural factors.
• When friends, parents, or the media focus on thin or slim body types, it can cause girls to feel unhappy
with their bodies (Grabe, Ward, & Hyde, 2008; Dunkley, Wretheim, & Paxton, 2001).
• For both boys and girls, bullying and peer pressure are linked to feeling more dissatisfied with their
bodies (Webb & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2004).
• Television, ads, music, and movies often show thin women, creating the idea that being slim is the ideal
body shape.
• Some girls and young women compare themselves to models and actresses in ads.
• As a result, they may try to change how they look through cosmetic surgery, dieting, or working out too
much.
• For girls, focusing too much on being thin and having the ideal body shape can lead to
feeling unhappy with their bodies.
•Girls who feel unhappy with their bodies are more likely to experience depression, low self esteem, and
eating disorders (Demello, 2014).
•For example, anorexia is an eating disorder where a person refuses to eat or gain weight, which can lead
to severe starvation and even death.
• This disorder mostly affects females between the ages of 12 and 40, although men can also develop it.
• Another disorder is bulimia nervosa, where a person makes themselves vomit after eating a lot of food
(Feldman, 2010).

THE IMPORTANCE OF BEAUTY

• In Egyptian art, beauty is seen in women with slim bodies, high waists, narrow hips, and long black hair.
• In contrast, during the Renaissance Period, women with fuller figures and rounded hips were considered
beautiful.
• Some tribes in Africa During the Medieval Ages Thought that chubby or plump women were beautiful.
• In Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia, people used to find flat noses attractive.
• However, ideas about beauty have changed over time because of different cultural values.
• Still, all cultures share a similar idea of what beauty is.
• Some people try hard to change how they look through body modification.
• One type of body modification is tattooing, which involves injecting ink into the skin to create a design.
• Makeup Can Also Be Permanently tattooed onto the skin.
• Body piercing is another form of body modification that allows people to wear jewelry on various parts
of their bodies, like their ears, nose, and tongue.
• Tattooing and piercing have been done all over the world since ancient times.
• Traditionally,tattoos and piercings were seen as sign of strength, bravery, and social status.
• Cosmetic surgery is another type of body modification that includes both surgical and nonsurgical
procedures to fix,rebuild, or change body parts.
• Examples Include Breast Enhancement,nose jobs, liposuction, and Botox.
• Even though tattooing, piercing, and cosmetic surgery have become popular over time, they come with
health risks.
• Some women have died due to complications from skin whitening treatments, diet pills, and cosmetic
surgery.
• Using Unclean Or Poor-quality equipment can lead to infections,allergies, and other problems.
• Different cultures have their own ideas about what beauty is.
• People often say that "beauty is in the eye of the beholder," meaning everyone has their own opinion
about beauty
• The fact that many Filipinawomen have won international beauty contests shows that theyare seen as
some of the most beautiful women in the world.
• People often judge others by their physical appearance.
• However, looks alone are not enough to understand a person’s true character.
• It’s important to look at a person’s inner thoughts and feelings—what’s inside them.
• Above all physical things, being beautiful on the inside is what matters most.

SEXUAL SELF DEVELOPMENT OF SEX CHARACTERISTICS

Introduction
• When adolescence begins, the body goes through many fast changes. These include the growth of the
reproductive system and the development of PrimaryandSecondary Sex Characteristics.
1. 1. Primary Sex Characteristics
- Primary sex characteristics are physical traits a person is born with that distinguish males from females.
- In males, these include the penis,testes (or testicles), scrotum, and prostate gland.
- Infemales,primarysexcharacteristicsincludethevagina,uterus,andotherreproductive organs.
2. Secondary Sex Characteristics
-These traits develop when puberty begins.
-For females, early signs of puberty include breast growth, starting menstruation, wider hips,
largerbuttocks, and the development of pubic hair.
- Menstruation usually starts around ages 10 to 12,
but this can vary in different countries.
2.SecondarySex
Characteristics
- For males, early signs ofpuberty include the growth oftesticles, sperm production, the appearance of
facial hair (like a mustache), pubic hair, other body hair, and a deeper voice.

SEXUAL ORIENTATION
• Sexual orientation is about a person’s sexual identity and which gender they are attracted to.
• The most common type ofsexualorientationisheterosexuality,wheresomeone is attracted to the opposite
gender.
• Homosexuality is when someone is attracted to the same gender. Homosexualmales are called gays,
andhomosexual females arecalled lesbians.
• Some scientists believe thatsexualorientation,likehomosexuality and bisexuality,may be influenced by
biological factors,including genetics,hormones, and parts of the brain.

THE MATERIAL SELF

INTRODUCTION
Psychologist WILLIAM JAMES stated that humans have a material self that pertains to everything that
one can claim as theirs. Thus, this refers to anything that belongs to a person and who or what a person
belongs to such as their body, family, clothes and money. The body, however, is considered to be the
core of the material self. Another is clothes through which a person expresses his / her expression of
himself / herself and showing off status, which has a significant contribution to the formation of one's
self-image.

THE ASPECT OF MATERIAL SELF

Material self is a dimension of the self that relates to physical materials. We are made aware of them
by what we see in commercials and television, what we hear over the radio and what we read in the print
and social media, like newspapers and magazines, social platforms like TWITTER, FACEBOOK,
YOUTUBE and private messages.

BODY, TANGIBLE OBJECTS, PLACES & THINGS "MY" AND "MINE”

2 SUBCLASSES OF THE SELF
1. THE BODY SELF-referring to our body and all its parts.
2. THE EXTRA-CORPOREAL SELF-beyond the body, which is our EXTENDED SELF. It includes all
the people, places, things that we regard as OURS.
4 COMPONENTS OF THE MATERIAL SELF
THE BODY
Our body is the most essential part of material self.We value our body the most.Self and body are
intimately attached.
CLOTHING
The second most essential part of the material self.
According to Herman Lotze, anytime we bring an object in to the surface of our body, we invest that object
into the consciousness of our personal existence taking in its contours to be our own and making it a part
of the self.Clothing enhances our physical appearance. We want to look our best with whatever we
use.Clothing is one of the best ways to distinguish our social class, as well as our culture, our profession
or occupation and our sex preference.Equally important as our clothing is our choice of style and
material of the clothes we wear. A style that suits our person and the material of the fabric that suggests
good taste, may cause us certain sensations that can affect our attitudes and behavior. We exude a
pleasing personality, confident and beautiful, because we are wearing the latest style in fashion. All these
contribute to the feeling of assurance and self-confidence.
FAMILY
The third essential part of material self. The source of our life, the single, most important influence on a
child's life.At the first moment of life, the child depends on the parents to protect and provide for his /
her needs. The parents are present to serve as role model on how to act and experience the world
around him / her. The child's moral sense of value and personality are shaped in the family.Family
signifies love and hope; it gives the members a sense of purpose and goal.We value our dignity and
integrity and respect our name because it symbolizes us. We respect family principles, roles and
values.We live out family tradition, the ways of the family in the past, lived out to the present.
HOME
The fourth essential part of material self. Our home is our source of life; it is where our heart is. It is our
sanctuary where we can relax, rest and enjoy life with friends and family. It is in our home where we could
be our real selves. It is our safest refuge. It is a symbol for our security.Our home can say a lot about us.
It is a witness to our becoming who and what we are.Our home is an extension of our self. It is where we
develop our sense of what is right and wrong and form our personality and self-identity.
THE DIGITAL SELF
THE SPIRITUAL SELF
THE POLITICAL SELF