Science project

Materials needed:

1. Flame sensors x 3
2. Arduino UNO
3. Chassis
4. BO motors x 4 (+wheels)
5. L298 Motor driver
6. Solderless Breadboard
7. Mini servo
8. 5-9 V Water pump + pipe
9. Water tank / bottle
10. 3.7 V batteries (18650) x 2
11. Jumper wires
12. TIP-122 Transistor + 104 uf capacitor + 1K Resister
● BO motors: BO(Battery Operated) motors are used to drive the wheels of a robot or
other devices, allowing them to move forward, backward, and sometimes rotate if
different motors control each wheel. They are a type of DC motors.
● L298 Motor driver**:** The L298 motor driver is an integrated circuit (IC) that allows
us to control the direction and speed of two DC motors.
● Solderless Breadboard: A tool used for building and testing electronic circuits without
the need for soldering. It consists of two parts:
1. Terminal Strips: The central area with two columns of connected rows. The terminal
strips in the middle of the breadboard are connected horizontally, across each row.
2. Power Rails: The rows along the sides of the breadboard. These are usually used to
supply power (positive and ground) to the circuit. They are often labelled with a red
line for positive voltage and a blue or black line for ground. They are connected
vertically
● any component that needs power will connect to the power rail. Motors, sensors,
and the motor driver need both positive power (+) and ground (-) to work. So they
will be connected to the power rail
● Terminal Strips: These are for connecting our components and wires to each other.
● Servo: A servo is a type of motor that can be precisely controlled for angular
position, speed, and acceleration. In our automatic fire extinguisher project, the mini
servo serves the purpose of controlling the spray nozzle's direction.
● 5-9V Water Pump: A 5-9V water pump is a small electric pump designed to move
water (or other liquids) using a voltage range of 5 to 9 volts. In our automatic fire
extinguisher project, the water pump is responsible for spraying water to extinguish
flames.
● Batteries: 18650 batteries are a specific type of rechargeable lithium-ion battery that
is commonly used in various electronic devices, including laptops, flashlights, electric
vehicles. In our automatic fire extinguisher project, you are using two 3.7V 18650
batteries in series to provide power to our components
● Jumper wires are used to connect different components on a breadboard,
microcontroller (like an Arduino), or between various parts of a circuit. They facilitate
the flow of electricity between components. Types:
1. Male to Male: These have pins on both ends and are used to connect female
headers (like those on a breadboard or Arduino).
2. Female to Female: These have sockets on both ends and are used to connect male
headers.
3. Male to Female: These have a pin on one end and a socket on the other, allowing
you to connect male pins to female headers.
● TIP-122 Transistor: In our project, it will act as a switch that controls the water
pump's operation, allowing the Arduino to turn it on and off.
● Capacitor (104 µF): A capacitor stores electrical energy and can smooth out
fluctuations in power supply. In this context, it might help stabilize the power going to
the water pump when it is activated.
● 1K Resistor: Resistors limit the flow of electric current. In our circuit, the 1K resistor
will likely be used to protect the transistor from excessive current when connected to
the Arduino.
● Connecting the batteries in series:
1. Connect the Batteries in Series:
○ Positive terminal of the first battery connects to the negative terminal of the
second battery.
○ This leaves you with two free terminals:
■ Negative terminal of the first battery (this becomes your overall
negative output).
■ Positive terminal of the second battery (this becomes your overall
positive output).
2. Connect the Switch to the Positive Output:
○ The positive output is the free positive terminal of the second battery.
○ Connect a wire from the positive terminal of the second battery to one
terminal of the switch.
○ Then, connect another wire from the other terminal of the switch to the
positive input of your circuit (e.g., motor driver, Arduino, etc.).
3. Complete the Circuit:
○ Connect the negative terminal of the first battery (the free negative
terminal) directly to the negative input of your circuit.
● Connecting the 4 motors:
1. Motor A connected to Output A:
○ Connect Motor A Positive (+) to Output A (+) on the L298.
○ Connect Motor A Negative (-) to Output A (-) on the L298.
2. Motor B connected in parallel to Output A:
○ Connect Motor B Positive (+) to the same terminal where you connected
Motor A Positive (+).
○ Connect Motor B Negative (-) to the same terminal where you connected
Motor A Negative (-).