LENGTH OF ARC

𝜋
1. Determine the length of 𝑦 = ln(sec 𝑥) between 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 .

Solution:
The function is in the form of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), find the second derivative,
Use,
𝑏
𝑑𝑦 2
𝐿 = ∫ √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = ln(sec 𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
= = tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 sec 𝑥
𝜋
𝑑𝑦 2
L =∫04 √1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
L =∫04 √1 + (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

The arc length is :

𝜋
4
𝐿 = ∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

𝜋
L= ln|sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥|| 04

𝐋 = 𝐥𝐧(√𝟐 + 𝟏) units = 0.88 units

➢ answer

2
2. Determine the length of 𝑥 = 3 (𝑦 − 1)3⁄2 between 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4.
Solution:
Use,
𝑑
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑳 = ∫ √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑐 𝑑𝑦

2
𝑥= (𝑦 − 1)3⁄2
3
𝑑𝑥
= (𝑦 − 1)1⁄2
𝑑𝑦

𝑑
𝑳 = ∫𝑐 √1 + [(𝑦 − 1)1⁄2 ]2 𝑑𝑦
Limits in terms of the ordinates of the end points of the length of the curve,
2
𝑥 = (𝑦 − 1)3⁄2
3
at 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2.31= c
at 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 4.30 = 𝑑
The length of arc is
𝑑
𝑳 = ∫𝑐 √1 + [(𝑦 − 1)1⁄2 ]2 𝑑𝑦
4.30
=∫ √𝑦𝑑𝑦
2.31

2
= 3 𝑦 3⁄2 | 4.30
2.31

𝑳 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟗 units
➢ answer
AREAS

1. Find the area bounded by 𝑦 = (11 − 𝑥)1/2, the lines 3𝑥 = 2 and 𝑥 = 10, and the 𝑋-
axis.
 12𝑥
2. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 2+4, the 𝑥-axis, 𝑥 = 1, and 𝑥 =
4

3. Find the area bounded by the 𝑦-axis and 𝑥 = 4 − 𝑦 2/3.

4. Find the area in the first quadrant bounded by 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥, 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑥 − axis, and the line x = a.

Using an element parallel to the y-axis,

𝑏 𝑑𝑥
𝐴 = ∫𝑎′(𝑦𝐻 − 𝑦𝐿 )𝑑𝑥
𝒚𝑳 = 𝟎, and the equation reduces simply to,
𝑦
𝒃
𝑨= ∫𝒂′ 𝒚𝒅𝒙, a’ =0, upper limit b= a, then, x
𝒂 O(0,0
𝑨= ∫𝟎 𝒚𝒅𝒙, )

but,
𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 or
𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 𝑥=𝑎

𝑦 = √4𝑎𝑥
𝒂
𝐴 = ∫𝟎 √4𝑎𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑎 1 𝑎
𝐴 = 2 ∫ (𝑎𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 .
0 𝑎
3
2 (𝑎𝑥)2 𝑎
𝐴= [ ]
𝑎 3 0
2
3
2 (𝑎𝑥 )2 𝑎
𝐴= [ ]
𝑎 3 0
2
4 3
𝐴= (𝑎 − 0)
3𝑎
𝟒
𝑨= 𝒂𝟐 sq. units
𝟑
VOLUMES

1. Find the volume generated by rotating the region bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑥 = 1, and 𝑦 2 =

4𝑥, about the 𝑥-axis.
2. The area bounded by the curve 𝑦 2 = 12𝑥 and the line 𝑥 = 3 is revolved about the line
𝑥 = 3. What is the volume generated?

3. Given is the area in the first quadrant bounded by 𝑥 2 = 8𝑦, the line 𝑥 = 4 and the 𝑥-
axis. What is the volume generated by revolving this area about the 𝑦-axis?
4. Given is the area in the first quadrant bounded by 𝑥 2 = 8𝑦, the line 𝑦 − 2 = 0 and the
𝑦-axis. What is the volume generated when this area is revolved about the line 𝑦 − 2 =
0?
MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

1. Evaluate the double integral rsin 𝑢 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑢 , the limits of r are 0 and cos 𝑢
and the limits of u are 0 and pi.

Solution:
𝜋 cos 𝑢 𝜋 𝑟 2 cos 𝑢
∫0 ∫0 𝑟 sin 𝑢 . 𝑑𝑟. 𝑑𝑢 = ∫0 sin 𝑢 . | 0 . 𝑑𝑢
2

Integrating first with respect to r, indicated by the inner differential

dr, between the limits 0 to cos u, treating 𝑢 as constant, we have,
𝜋 𝑟 2 cos 𝑢
= ∫0 sin 𝑢 . | 0 . 𝑑𝑢
2
𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢
= ∫ sin 𝑢 [( − 0)] 𝑑𝑢
0 2

Second integration with respect to 𝑢,

indicated by the outer differential 𝑑𝑢,
Let: 𝑢 = cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝜋
1
= ∫ − cos 2 𝑢 (−sin 𝑢𝑑𝑢 )
0 2
Using Power Formula
1 cos 3 𝑢 𝜋
=− |
2 3 0
𝜋 cos 𝑢
1
∫ ∫ 𝑟 sin 𝑢 . 𝑑𝑟. 𝑑𝑢 = − [cos3 𝜋 − cos3 0]
0 0 6
1 Answer
= − (−1 − 1)
6

2 1
= =
6 3
2. Find the integral of
Solution: 2 4 1
∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 .
0 0 0
2 4 1 2 4
1 2 1
∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦 | 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
0 0 0 0 0 2 0
1 2 4
= ∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
2 0 0
1 21 2 4
= ∫ 𝑥 | 𝑑𝑧
2 0 2 0
1 2 2
= ∫ 4 𝑑𝑧
4 0
2
= 4[𝑧]|
0
= 4(2 ) = 8

1 4
3. Determine the double integral of ∫ ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥.
0 0
Solution:
1 4 1 1
4
∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑦| 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥.
3 3
0 0 0 0 0

1
= 4 ( ) (1)4
4
=1

2 2𝑥
4. Determine the double integral of ∫ ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥.
1 0
Solution:
2 2𝑥
1 2 3 2 2𝑥
3
∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑦 ] 𝑑𝑥
1 0 2 1 0
2
= 2 ∫ 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥
1
 1 2
= 2 [ 𝑥 6 ]|
6 1
1
= (26 − 16 )
3
=21