APPLICATIONS

OF
DEFINITE
INTEGRALS
PLANE AREAS
1. Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = sin(𝑥) + 10, the x-axis and the lines 𝑥 = −2
and 𝑥 = 5.

Solution:
5
𝐴 = ∫−2[sin⁡( 𝑥) + 10]𝑑𝑥
5
= [− cos(𝑥) + 10𝑥]
−2
= ⁡ − cos(5) + 10(5) − [− cos(−2) + 10(−2)]
= ⁡ −0.28 + 50 − [0.42 − 20]
= −0.28 + 50 − 0.42 + 20
= −0.70 + 70
= 69.3

ANSWER: 69.3 square units

2. Find the area bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 + 5, the x-axis from 𝑥 = −3 to
𝑥 = 4.

Solution:
4
𝐴 = ∫−3[(𝑥 + 1)2 + 5]𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)3 4
= [ 3 + 5𝑥]
−3
(4+1)3 (−2+1)3
= [ 3 + 5(4)] − [ 3 + 5(−2)]
(5)3 (−1)3
=[ + 20] − [ − 10]
3 3
125 1
=⁡[ + 20] − [− 3 − 10]
3
125 60 1 30
=⁡[ + ] − [− 3 − ]
3 3 3
185 31
=⁡[ ] − [− 3 ]
3
⁡185 31
=⁡ +
3 3
216
=⁡ 3
=⁡72

ANSWER: 72 square units

3. Find the area bounded by the semi-circle 𝑦 = √25 − 𝑥 2 ⁡and the x-axis.

Solution:

The semi-circle 𝑦 = √25 − 𝑥 2 is defined

from⁡𝑥 = −5 and 𝑥 = 5.
5
𝐴 = ∫−5 √25 − 𝑥 2 ⁡𝑑𝑥

𝑥 = 5 sin(𝜃)
𝑑𝑥 = 5 cos(𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
√25 − 𝑥 2 = 5 cos(𝜃)
𝑥
sin(𝜃) = 5
𝑥
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(5)
When 𝑥 = 5,
5
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(5)

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(1)
𝜋
𝜃=2

When 𝑥 = −5,
−5
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡( 5 )
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(−1)
𝜋
𝜃 = −2

TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION:

5
𝐴 = ∫−5 √25 − 𝑥 2 ⁡𝑑𝑥

𝜋
= ∫ (5 cos(𝜃)⁡)(5 cos(𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡)
2
𝜋
−
2
𝜋
= 25 ∫ 2𝜋 cos2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡
−
2

INTEGRATION BY PARTS

Let 𝑢 = cos(𝜃)
𝑑𝑢 = −sin(𝜃)𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑣 = cos(𝜃)
𝑣 = sin 𝜃

So,
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
2 2
25 ∫ cos (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 25{[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)]
2
𝜋 𝜋 − ∫ − sin2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃⁡}
2
𝜋
− −2 −
2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
2 2
25 ∫ cos (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 25[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)]
2
𝜋 𝜋 + 25 ∫ sin2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃⁡
2
𝜋
− −2 −
2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
2 2
25 ∫ cos (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 25[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)]
2
𝜋 𝜋 + 25 ∫ [1 − cos 2 (𝜃)]𝑑𝜃⁡
2
𝜋
− −2 −
2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 2
25 ∫ cos (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 25[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)]
2
𝜋 𝜋 + 25 ∫ 𝑑𝜃 − 25 ∫ cos2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
2
𝜋
2
𝜋
− −2 − −
2 2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
2 2
50 ∫ cos (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 25[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)]
2
𝜋 𝜋 + 25 ∫ 𝑑𝜃 2
𝜋
− −2 −
2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
2 25 2 25
25 ∫ cos (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ =
2
𝜋 [sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)] 𝜋 + ∫ 𝑑𝜃
2
𝜋
− 2 −2 2 −
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
25 2 25 2
= [sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)] 𝜋 + [𝜃] 𝜋
2 −2 2 −2
𝜋 𝜋
25 2 25 2
= [sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)] 𝜋 + [𝜃] 𝜋
2 −2 2 −2
𝜋
25 2
= [sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃) + 𝜃] 𝜋
2 −2
25 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= {[sin ( 2 ) cos (2 ) + 2 ] − [sin (− 2 ) cos (− 2 ) − 2 ]}
2

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 25 𝜋 𝜋
= {[(1)(0) + 2 ] − [(−1)(0) − 2 ]}
2
25 𝜋 𝜋
= [( ) − (− 2 )]
2 2
25 𝜋 𝜋
= ( + 2)
2 2
25
= (𝜋)
2
25
= 𝜋
2

25
ANSWER: 𝜋 square units
2

73
4. Find the area under bounded by the parabola 3𝑥 2 − 6
and the x-axis from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 6.

Solution:
6 73
𝐴 = ∫0 (3𝑥 2 − 6 )𝑑𝑥
73 6
= [𝑥 3 − 6 𝑥]
0
73 73
= [6 − 6 (6)] − [03 − 6 (0)]
3

= [216 − 73] − 0
= 143

ANSWER: 143 square units

𝜋
5. Find the area bounded by 𝑦 = sin2 (5𝑥) cos(5𝑥) and the x-axis from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 2 .

Solution:
𝜋
𝐴 = ∫0 sin2 (5𝑥) cos(5𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2

𝜋
1 sin3 5𝑥
= [(5)( )] 2
3
0
𝜋
sin3 5𝑥
= [( ]2
15
𝜋
0
sin3 5( ) sin3 5(0)
= 2
−
15 15
5𝜋
sin3 ( ) sin3 (0)
= 2
−
15 15
5𝜋
sin3 ( ) sin3 (0)
= 2
−
15 15
13 03
= 15 − 15
1
= 15 − 0
1
= 15

1
ANSWER : 15 square units

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

6. Find the area of the region bounded between the curve 𝑦 = sin2 (2𝑥) and the x-axis
from 𝑥 = 0 to
𝜋
𝑥 = 4.

Solution:
𝜋
𝐴 = ∫04 sin2 (2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥, then:

𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 =
2

When 𝑥 = 0
𝑢 = 2(0) = 0
𝜋
When 𝑥 = 4
𝜋 𝜋
𝑢 = 2 (4 ) = 2

Rewrite in terms of u:
𝜋
𝑑𝑢
𝐴 = ∫02 sin2 (𝑢)( 2 )

𝜋
1
= 2 ∫02 sin2 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 (1)(1) 𝜋
= (2)[ (2)
]( 2 )
𝜋
= 8

𝜋
ANSWER: 8 square units

1
7. Find the total area enclosed by the parabola 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 2 and the lines 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 ,⁡𝑥 = −1
and 𝑥 = 2 .

Solution:
1
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 4 𝑥 2 .
Since f and g are continuous on [-1,2] and
g(x)⁡≤⁡f(x)⁡for all x in [-1,2] then,
2
𝐴 = ⁡ ∫−1[𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
2 1
𝐴 = ⁡ ∫−1[(𝑥 + 3) − (4 𝑥 2 )]𝑑𝑥
2 1
= ⁡ ∫−1(𝑥 − 4 𝑥 2 + 3)𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥3 2
= [ 2 − 12 + 3𝑥]
−1
6𝑥 2 𝑥3 36𝑥 2
= [ 12 − 12 + 12 ]
−1
6𝑥 2 −𝑥 3 +36𝑥 2
=[ ]
12 −1
1 2 3 2
= 12 [6𝑥 − 𝑥 + 36𝑥]
−1

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 1
= 12 {[6(2)2 − (2)3 + 36(2)] − [6(−1)2 − (−1)3 + 36(−1)]}
1
= 12 [(24 − 8 + 72) − [(6 + 1 − 36)]
1
= 12 [(88) − [(−29)]
1
= 12 (88 + 29)
1
= 12 (117)
117
= 12
39
= 4

39
ANSWER: square units
4

√36−4𝑥 2
8. Find the area bounded between the semi-ellipse 𝑦 = and the line 𝑦 = 3 from
3
𝑥 = −3 to 𝑥 = 3.

Solution:

√36−4𝑥2
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = .
3
Since f and g are continuous on [-3,3] and
g(x)⁡≤⁡f(x)⁡for all x in [-3,3] then,
3
𝐴 = ⁡ ∫−3[𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
3 √36−4𝑥2
𝐴 = ⁡ ∫−3(3 − )𝑑𝑥
3
3 9 √36−4𝑥 2
= ⁡ ∫−3(3 − )𝑑𝑥
3
3 9−√36−4𝑥 2
= ⁡ ∫−3( )𝑑𝑥
3
1 3
= ⁡ 3 ∫−3(9 − √36 − 4𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
1 3 1 3
= ⁡ 3 ∫−3 9𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫−3 √36 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1 3 1 3
= ⁡ 3 [9𝑥] − 3 ∫−3 √36 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
−3
1 1 3
=⁡3 [9(3) − 9(−3)] − 3 ∫−3 √36 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1 1 3
= ⁡ 3 (27 + 27) − 3 ∫−3 √36 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1 1 3
= ⁡ 3 (54) − 3 ∫−3 √36 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
54 1 3
= ⁡ 3 − 3 ∫−3 √36 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1 3
= ⁡18 − 3 ∫−3 √36 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1 3
For ∫ √36 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥:
3 −3

2𝑥 = 6 sin(𝜃)
𝑥 = 3 sin(𝜃)
𝑥
sin(𝜃) = 3
𝑥
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛( )
3

When 𝑥 = 3
3
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 (3)
𝜋
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛(1) = 2

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

When 𝑥 = −3
3
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− 3)
𝜋
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛(−1) = − 2

𝑑𝑥 = 3 cos(𝜃)𝑑𝜃
√36 − 4𝑥 2 = 6 cos(𝜃)

TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION:
𝜋
1 3 1
∫ √36 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ {[6 cos(𝜃)][(3 cos(𝜃)𝑑𝜃)]}
2
𝜋
3 −3 −
2
𝜋
1 2
3 −
∫ 18 cos2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
𝜋
2
𝜋
18 2
3 −
∫ cos 2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
𝜋
2
𝜋
6 ∫ cos2 ( 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
2
𝜋
−
2

INTEGRATION BY PARTS

Let 𝑢 = cos(𝜃)
𝑑𝑢 = −sin(𝜃)𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑣 = cos(𝜃)
𝑣 = sin 𝜃

So,
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
2
6 ∫ cos2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 6{[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)]
2
𝜋
2 2
𝜋 − ∫ 𝜋 − sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃⁡}
− −2 −
2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
6 ∫ 2𝜋 cos2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 6[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)] 2𝜋 + 6 ∫ 2𝜋 sin2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃⁡
− −2 −
2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
6 ∫ cos2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 6[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)] 2𝜋 + 6 ∫ 2𝜋[1 − cos 2 (𝜃)]𝑑𝜃⁡
2
𝜋
− −2 −
2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
6 ∫ cos2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 6[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)] 2𝜋 + 6 ∫ 2𝜋 𝑑𝜃 − 6 ∫ 2𝜋 cos 2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
2
𝜋
− −2 − −
2 2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
2
12 ∫ cos2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 6[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)]
2
𝜋 𝜋 + 6 ∫ 𝜋 𝑑𝜃
2
− −2 −
2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
6 6
6 ∫ 2𝜋 cos2 (𝜃) 𝑑𝜃⁡ = 2 [sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)] 2𝜋 + 2 ∫ 2𝜋 𝑑𝜃
− −2 −
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
2 2
= 3[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)] 𝜋 + 3 [𝜃] 𝜋
−2 −2
𝜋 𝜋
2 2
= 3[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃)] 𝜋 + 3 [𝜃] 𝜋
−2 −2
𝜋
2
= 3[sin(𝜃) cos(𝜃) + 𝜃] 𝜋
−2

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= 3 {[sin ( 2 ) cos (2 ) + 2 ] − [sin (− 2 ) cos (− 2 ) − 2 ]}
𝜋 𝜋
= 3 {[(1)(0) + 2 ] − [(−1)(0) − 2 ]}
𝜋 𝜋
= 3[(2 ) − (− 2 )]
𝜋 𝜋
= 3( 2 + 2 )
= 3(𝜋)
= 3𝜋

So,

3 √36−4𝑥 2
𝐴 = ⁡ ∫−3 (3 − ) 𝑑𝑥 = 18 − 3𝜋
3

ANSWER: 18 − 3𝜋 square units

9. Find the area bounded between the curves 𝑦 = − sech(𝑥) − 2 and 𝑦 = sech(𝑥) + 2
from 𝑥 = −4 to 𝑥 = 4 .

Solution:

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = sech(𝑥) + 2 and

𝑔(𝑥) = − sech(𝑥) − 2 .
Since f and g are continuous on [-4,4] and
g(x)⁡≤⁡f(x)⁡for⁡all⁡x⁡in⁡[-4,4] then,
4
𝐴 = ⁡ ∫−4[𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
4
𝐴 = ⁡ ∫−4[sech(𝑥) + 2 − (− sech(𝑥) − 2)]𝑑𝑥
4
= ⁡ ∫−4[sech(𝑥) + 2 + sech(𝑥) + 2)]𝑑𝑥
4
= ⁡ ∫−4[sech(𝑥) + 2 + sech(𝑥) + 2)]𝑑𝑥
4
= ⁡ ∫−4[2 sech(𝑥) + 2 (2)]𝑑𝑥
4
= ⁡2 ∫−4[sech(𝑥) + 2]𝑑𝑥
4 1
= ⁡2 ∫−4[cosh(𝑥) + 2]𝑑𝑥
4 1
= ⁡2 ∫−4[ 𝑒𝑥 +𝑒−𝑥 + 2]𝑑𝑥
2
4 2
= ⁡2 ∫−4[𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 + 2]𝑑𝑥
4 2𝑑𝑥 4
= ⁡2 ∫−4 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 + 2 ∫−4 2 𝑑𝑥
4 𝑑𝑥 4
= ⁡4 ∫−4 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 + 4 ∫−4 𝑑𝑥
4 𝑑𝑥 4
= ⁡4 ∫−4 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 + 4[𝑥]
−4
4 𝑑𝑥
= ⁡4 ∫−4 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 + 4[4 − (−4)]
4 𝑑𝑥
= ⁡4 ∫−4 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 + 4(4 + 4)
4 𝑑𝑥
= ⁡4 ∫−4 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 + 4(8)
4 𝑑𝑥
= ⁡4 ∫−4 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 + 32

4 𝑑𝑥
For 4 ∫−4 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 :

4 𝑑𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
4 ∫−4 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 = ⁡4 ∫−4 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑒 2𝑥 +1)

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 4 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ⁡4 ∫−4 𝑒 2𝑥 +1
4 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ⁡4 ∫−4 (𝑒 𝑥 )2 +1
4
= ⁡4[𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑒 𝑥 )]
−4
= ⁡4[𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑒 4 ) − 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑒 −4 )]
1
= ⁡4[𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑒 4 ) − 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑒 4 )]

So,
4 1
𝐴 = ⁡ ∫−4[sech(𝑥) + 2 − (− sech(𝑥) − 2)]𝑑𝑥 = 4[𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑒 4 ) − 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑒 4 )] +32
1
= 4[𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑒 4 ) − 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑒 4 )] +32

= 4(1.55 − 0.018) +32

= 4(1.53) +32
= 6.12 +32
= 38.12

ANSWER: Approximately 38.12 square units

10. Find the area of the triangle formed by the intersections of the lines 𝑦 = −5,
1
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 6 and 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 6.

Solution:
1
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 + 6, 𝑔(𝑥) = −5 and
ℎ(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 6

INTERSECTIONS:

f(x) and g(x):

1
𝑥 + 6 = −5
2
𝑥 + 12 = −10
𝑥 = −10 − 12
𝑥 = −22

f(x) and g(x) intersects at P(-22, -5).

f(x) and h(x):

1
𝑥 + 6 = −𝑥 + 6
2
𝑥 + 12 = −2𝑥 + 12
𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 12 − 12
3𝑥 = 0
𝑥=0

When 𝑥 = 0 :
𝑦 = −(0) + 6
𝑦=6

f(x) and h(x) intersects at P(0, 6).

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

g(x) and h(x):
−𝑥 + 6 = −5
𝑥−6=5
𝑥 = 5+6
𝑥 = 11

g(x) and h(x) intersects at P(11, -5).

Since f and g are continuous on [-22,0]⁡and⁡g(x)⁡≤⁡f(x)⁡for⁡all⁡x⁡in⁡[-22,0] and also h

and⁡g⁡are⁡continuous⁡on⁡[0,11]⁡and⁡g(x)⁡≤⁡h(x)⁡for⁡all⁡x⁡in⁡[0,11]⁡then,⁡
0 11
𝐴 = ∫−22[𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 [ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
0 1 11
𝐴 = ∫−22[2 𝑥 + 6 − (−5)] 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 [−𝑥 + 6 − (−5)]𝑑𝑥
0 1 11
= ∫−22(2 𝑥 + 6 + 5) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 (−𝑥 + 6 + 5)𝑑𝑥
0 1 11
= ∫−22(2 𝑥 + 11) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 (−𝑥 + 11)𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 0 −𝑥 2 11
= [ 4 + 11𝑥] + [ 2 + 11𝑥]
−22 0
(0)2 (−22)2 −(11)2 −(0)2
= [ 4 + 11(0) − 4 − 11(−22)] + [ 2 + 11(11) + 2 + 11(0)]
121
= (0 − 121 + 242) + (− + 121 + 0)
2
121
= 121 + 2
363
= 2

363
ANSWER: square units
2

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

VOLUMES
11. Determine the volume obtained by revolving the region bounded by circle
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 90 about the x-axis.

Solution:

X – Intercepts:

𝑥 2 + (0)2 = 90
𝑥 2 = 90
𝑥 = ±√90
𝑥 = ±3√10

𝑦 2 = 90 − 𝑥 2

3√10
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−3√10 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
3√10
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−3√10(90 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 3√10
= 𝜋[90𝑥 − ]
3 −3√10
3 3
(3√10) (−3√10)
= 𝜋 {[90(3√10) − ] − [90(−3√10) − ]}
3 3
= 𝜋[(270√10 − 90√10) − (−270√10 + 90√10)]
= 𝜋(270√10 − 90√10 + 270√10 − 90√10)
= 𝜋(540√10 − 180√10)
= 𝜋(360√10)
= 360𝜋√10

ANSWER: 360𝜋√10 cubic units

𝑥2 𝑦2
12. Determine the volume obtained when the region bounded by the ellipse + =1
9 4
is revolved about the x-axis .

Solution:

X – Intercepts:

𝑥2 (0)2
+ =1
9 4
𝑥2
=1
9
2
𝑥 =9
𝑥 = ±√9
𝑥 = ±3

𝑥2 𝑦2
+ 4 =1
9
4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 36
9𝑦 2 = 36 − 4𝑥 2
36−4𝑥 2
𝑦2 = 9

3
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−3 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
3 36−4𝑥 2
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−3 ⁡𝑑𝑥
9
𝜋 3
= ∫−3
36 − 4𝑥 2 ⁡𝑑𝑥
9

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 𝜋 4𝑥 3 3
= 9 [36𝑥 − ]
3 −33
𝜋 4(3) 4(−3)3
= 9 {[36(3) − ] − [36(−3) − ]}
3 3
𝜋
= 9 [(108 − 36) − (−108 + 36)]
𝜋
= 9 [72 − (−72)]
𝜋
= 9 (72 + 72)
𝜋
= 9 (144)
= 16𝜋

ANSWER: 16𝜋 cubic units

13. Find the volume from 𝑦 = −6 to 𝑦 = 6 when 𝑦 = 𝑥 is revolved around the y-axis.

Solution:
0 6 0 6
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−6 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝜋 ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 or 𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫−6 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 or 𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦

Since 𝑦 = 𝑥 then:
6 6
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝜋 ∫0 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦⁡
6
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫0 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦⁡
𝑦3 6
= 2𝜋[ 3 ]
0
(6)3 (0)3
= 2𝜋 {[ 3 ] − [ 3 ]}
216
= 2𝜋[( ) − 0]
3
= 2𝜋(72)
= 144𝜋

ANSWER: 144𝜋 cubic units

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

14. A cylinder is to be made by revolving the region bounded by the line 𝑦 = 3 and the x-
axis about the x-axis and obtaining the portion from 𝑥 = −5 to 𝑥 = 5.

Solution:
5
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−5 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
5
= 𝜋 ∫−5(3)2 𝑑𝑥
5
= 𝜋 ∫−5 9𝑑𝑥
5
= 9𝜋 ∫−5 𝑑𝑥
5
= 9𝜋[𝑥]
−5
= 9𝜋[5 − (−5)]
= 9𝜋(5 + 5)
= 9𝜋(10)
= 90𝜋

ANSWER: 90𝜋 cubic units

15. Determine the volume obtained by revolving the region bounded by the parabola
1
𝑦 2 = 4 (𝑥 − 2) and the line 𝑥 = 7 about the x-axis.

Solution:

X-intercept of the parabola:

1
02 = 4 (𝑥 − 2)
1
4 (𝑥 − 2) = 0
1
𝑥−2=0
1
𝑥=2

7
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫1 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
2
7 1
= 𝜋 ∫1 4 (𝑥 − 2) 𝑑𝑥
2

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 7 1
= 4𝜋 ∫1 (𝑥 − 2) 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥2
1 7
= 4𝜋[ 2 − 2 𝑥] 1
2
𝑥 2 −𝑥 7
= 4𝜋[ ]1
2
2
7
=2𝜋[𝑥 2 − 𝑥] 1
2
2 1 2 1
= 2𝜋 {[(7) − 7] − [(2) − 2]}
1 1
= 2𝜋[(49 − 7) − (4 − 2)]
1
= 2𝜋[42 − (− 4)]
1
= 2𝜋(42 + 4)
1
= 𝜋(84 + 2)
169𝜋
= 2

169
ANSWER: 2

16. Calculate the volume of the pontoon made by rotating the region bounded by the
𝑥2
curve 𝑦 = 1 − 25 and the x-axis about the x-axis.

Solution:

𝑥2
X-intercepts of 𝑦 = 1 − 25:

𝑥2
0 = 1 − 25
25 − 𝑥 2 = 0
𝑥 2 = 25
𝑥 = ±√25
𝑥 = ±5

𝑥2
𝑦 = 1 − 25
2
𝑥2
𝑦 2 = (1 − )
25
2 2𝑥 2 𝑥4
𝑦 =1− + 625
25
5 2𝑥 2 𝑥4
𝑉= 𝜋 ∫−5 (1 − + 625⁡) 𝑑𝑥
25
2𝑥 3 𝑥 5
5
= 𝜋[𝑥 − + 3125]
75 −5

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 2(5)3 (5)5 2(−5)3 (−5)5
= 𝜋 {[5 − + 3125] − [−5 − + ]}
75 75 3125
10 10
= 𝜋[(5 − + 1) − (−5 + − 1)]
3 3
10 10
= 𝜋(5 − +1+5− + 1)
3 3
20
= 𝜋(10 + 2 − )
3
30 6 20
= 𝜋( 3 + 3 − )
3
𝜋
= 3 (30 + 6 − 20)
𝜋
= 3 (16)
16𝜋
= 3

16𝜋
ANSWER: cubic units
3

17. Calculate the volume generated by rotating the region bounded by the loop of the
curve 𝑦 2 = 𝑥(9 − 𝑥)2 about the x-axis.

Solution:

X- intercepts of 𝑦 2 = 𝑥(9 − 𝑥)2 :

(0)2 = 𝑥(9 − 𝑥)2
𝑥(9 − 𝑥)2 = 0
𝑥=0
(9 − 𝑥)2 = 0
9−𝑥 =0
𝑥=9
9
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
9
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑥(9 − 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
9
= 𝜋 ∫0 𝑥(81 − 18𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
9
= 𝜋 ∫0 (81𝑥 − 18𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
81𝑥 2 18𝑥 3 𝑥4 9
= 𝜋[ 2 − 3 + 4 ]
0
81𝑥 2 3 𝑥4 9
= 𝜋[ 2 − 6𝑥 + 4 ]
0
162𝑥 2 3 𝑥4 9
= 𝜋[ − 6𝑥 + ]
4 4 0
162𝑥 2 24𝑥 3 𝑥4 9
= 𝜋[ 4 − 4 + 4 ]
0
𝜋 9
= 4 [162𝑥 − 24𝑥 + 𝑥 4 ]
2 3
0
𝜋
= {[162(9)2 − 24(9)3 + (9)4 ] − [162(0)2 − 24(0)3 + (0)4 ]}
4
𝜋
= 4 [162(9)2 − 24(9)3 + (9)4 ]
𝜋
= 4 (13122-17496+6561)
𝜋
= 4 (2187)
2187𝜋
= 4

2187𝜋
ANSWER: cubic units
4

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 𝑥2
18. Determine the volume obtained when the region bounded by the ellipse + 𝑦2 = 1
4
is rotated about the y-axis.

Solution:

𝑥2
Y-intercepts of + 𝑦 2 = 1:
4

02
+ 𝑦2 = 1
4
𝑦2 = 1
𝑦 = ±√1
𝑦 = ±1

𝑥2
+ 𝑦2 = 1
4
𝑥 + 4𝑦 2 = 4
2

𝑥 2 = 4 − 4𝑦 2
1
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
1
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−1(4 − 4𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
1
= 4𝜋 ∫−1(1 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
𝑦3 1
= 4𝜋[𝑦 − 3 ]
−1
13 (−1)3
= 4𝜋 {[1 − 3 ] − [−1 − 3 ]}
1 1
= 4𝜋 [(1 − 3) − (−1 + 3)]
2 2
= 4𝜋 [3 − (− 3)]
2 2
= 4𝜋 (3 + 3)
4
= 4𝜋 (3)
16𝜋
= 3

16𝜋
ANSWER: cubic units
3

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 𝑦2 𝑥2
19. Find the volume obtained when the hyperbola − = 1 in the [-8, 8] is rotated
4 4
about the x- axis.

Solution:

𝑦2 𝑥2
− 4 =1
4
𝑦 − 𝑥2 = 4
2

𝑦2 = 4 + 𝑥2
8
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−8 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
8
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−8(4 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 8
= 𝜋 [4𝑥 + 3 ]
−8
(8)3 (−8)3
= 𝜋 {[4(8) + 3 ] − [4(−8) + 3 ]}
512 512
= 𝜋 [(32 + ) − (−32 − )]
3 3
96 512 96 512
= 𝜋 [( 3 + ) − (− − )]
3 3 3
96 512 96 512
= 𝜋 [( 3 + ) − (− − )]
3 3 3
608 608
= 𝜋[ − (− )]
3 3
608 608
= 𝜋( + )
3 3
1216
= 𝜋( )
3
1216𝜋
= 3

1216𝜋
ANSWER: ⁡ cubic units
3

20. Find the volume of the solid made by rotating the curve 𝑦 = sech(𝑥) in the [-10,10]
about the x-axis.

Solution:

10
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−10 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
10
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−10 sech2 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 10 1
= 𝜋 ∫−10 cosh2(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
10 1
= 𝜋 ∫−10 𝑒𝑥 +𝑒−𝑥
2 𝑑𝑥
( )
2
10 4
= 𝜋 ∫−10 (𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥
10 1
= 4𝜋 ∫−10 (𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥
10 1
= 4𝜋 ∫−10 (𝑒 −𝑥 )2 (𝑒 2𝑥 +1)2 𝑑𝑥
10 1
= 4𝜋 ∫−10 𝑒 −2𝑥 (𝑒 2𝑥 +1)2 𝑑𝑥
10 𝑒 2𝑥
= 4𝜋 ∫−10 (𝑒 2𝑥 +1)2 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2

When 𝑥 = −10,
𝑢 = 𝑒 −20 + 1

When 𝑥 = 10,
𝑢 = 𝑒 20 + 1

Rewrite in terms of u:
𝑑𝑢
10 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 20 +1
𝑉 = 4𝜋 ∫−10 (𝑒 2𝑥 +1)2 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝜋 ∫𝑒 −20 +1 𝑢22
𝑒 20 +1 𝑑𝑢
= 2𝜋 ∫𝑒 −20 +1 𝑢2
20
= 2𝜋 [− 𝑢] 𝑒−20+ 1
1
𝑒
+1
1 1
= 2𝜋 [(− 𝑒 20 +1) − (− 𝑒 −20 +1)]
1 1
= 2𝜋 (− 𝑒 20 +1 + 𝑒 −20 +1)
= 6.28

ANSWER: Approximately 6.28 cubic units

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

SURFACE AREAS
21. Find the surface area of a sphere with radius of 2 units.

Solution:

Assuming that the sphere was made by revolving the circle centered at (0, 0) about
the x- axis. Its equation is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4

𝑦2 = 4 − 𝑥2
𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥 2

𝑦2 = 4 − 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 = −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑦

𝑑𝑦 −𝑥
=
√4−𝑥 2 ⁡
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑥2
(𝑑𝑥 ) = ⁡4−𝑥 2

2 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−2 𝑦 √1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−2(√4 − 𝑥 2 ) √1 + ⁡4−𝑥 2 ⁡𝑑𝑥
2 4−𝑥 2 𝑥2
= 2𝜋 ∫−2(√4 − 𝑥 2 ) √4−𝑥 2 + ⁡4−𝑥 2 ⁡𝑑𝑥
2 4−𝑥 2 +𝑥 2
= 2𝜋 ∫−2(√4 − 𝑥 2 ) √ ⁡𝑑𝑥
4−𝑥 2
2 4
= 2𝜋 ∫−2(√4 − 𝑥 2 ) √4−𝑥 2 ⁡𝑑𝑥
2 2
= 2𝜋 ∫−2(√4 − 𝑥 2 ) √4−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2
= 2𝜋 ∫−2 2 𝑑𝑥
2
= 2𝜋[2𝑥]
−2
= 2𝜋{[2(2)] − [2(−2)]}
= 2𝜋(4 + 4)
= 2𝜋(8)
= 16𝜋

ANSWER: 16𝜋 square units

22. Find the lateral area of right circular cylinder with radius of 5 meters and a height of
20 meters.

Solution:

Assuming that cylinder was made by rotating the region bounded by the lines 𝑥 = −5,
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = −10 and 𝑦 = 10 about the y-axis

𝑦 = 10

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 𝑑𝑦
=0
𝑑𝑥
10 𝑑𝑦 2
𝐿𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−10 𝑥√1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
10 𝑑𝑦 2
𝐿𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−10 5√1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
10
= 2𝜋 ∫−10 5√1 𝑑𝑥
10
= 2𝜋 ∫−10 5 𝑑𝑥
10
= 2𝜋[5𝑥]
−10
10
= 2𝜋[5𝑥]
−10
= 2𝜋[5(10) − 5(−10)]
= 2𝜋(50 + 50)
= 2𝜋(100)
= 200𝜋
ANSWER: 200𝜋 square meters

23. Find the area of the surface obtained when 𝑦 = √𝑥⁡,⁡0≤x≤7 is rotated about the x-
axis.

Solution:

𝑦 = √𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
=2
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 1
(𝑑𝑥 ) = 4𝑥

7 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫0 𝑦√1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
7 1
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫0 (√𝑥)√1 + 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
7 4𝑥 1
= 2𝜋 ∫0 (√𝑥)√4𝑥 + 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
7 4𝑥+1
= 2𝜋 ∫0 (√𝑥)√ 𝑑𝑥
4𝑥
7 √4𝑥+1
= 2𝜋 ∫0 (√𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥
7
= 𝜋 ∫0 √4𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢 = 4𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = 4

𝑢 = 4𝑥 + 1

When 𝑥 = 0,
𝑢 = 4(0) + 1
𝑢=1

When 𝑥 = 7
𝑢 = 4(7) + 1

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 𝑢 = 29

Rewrite in terms of u:

29 𝑑𝑢
= 𝜋 ∫1 √𝑢 ( 4 )
𝜋 29
= 4 ∫1 √𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
𝜋 𝑢229
= 4[ 3 ]
1 2
𝜋 29 3
= 6 [𝑢 ] 2
1
𝜋
= 6 [(√293 ) − (√13 )]
𝜋
= 6 (29√29 − 1)
=81.25

ANSWER: Approximately 81.25 square units

1
24. Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the arc 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 3 ,⁡0≤x≤3 about the
x-axis.

Solution:

1
𝑦 = 𝑥3
4
𝑑𝑦 3
= 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 4
𝑑𝑦 2 9
(𝑑𝑥 ) = 16 𝑥 4

3 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫0 𝑦 √1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
31 9
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫0 4 𝑥 3 ⁡ √1 + 16 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥

9
Let 𝑢 = 1 + 16 𝑥 4
When 𝑥 = 0
9
𝑢 = 1 + 16 04
𝑢=1

When 𝑥 = 3
9
𝑢 = 1 + 16 34
729
𝑢 =1+ 16
745
𝑢= 16

9
𝑑𝑢 = 4 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1
= 4 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
9

Rewrite in terms of u:

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 745
𝑑𝑢
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫116 ⁡ √𝑢( 9 )
745
2𝜋
= ∫116 ⁡ √𝑢𝑑𝑢
9
3 745
2𝜋 𝑢2
= [ 3 ] 16
9
2 1
3 745
4𝜋
= [𝑢2 ] 16
27
1
3
3
4𝜋 745 2
= [( 16 ) − (1)2 ]
27

= 147.41

ANSWER: approximately 147.41 square units

25. Find the lateral area of right circular cone with radius 6 cm and height of 15 cm.

Solution:

Since it has radius 6 cm and height of 15 cm, its slant

15 5
height must be a line segment with slope 6 or 2

Assuming the cone was made by rotating the region

enclosed by this line segment and the lines 𝑦 = 0 and
𝑥 = 0 about the y-axis.

5
The equation of the line is 𝑦 = 2 (𝑥 + 6)

5
𝑦 = 2 (𝑥 + 6)
5
𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 15
𝑑𝑦 5
=
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 2 25
( ) =
𝑑𝑥 4

When 𝑦 = 0
5
0 = 2 𝑥 + 15
5𝑥 = −30
𝑥 = −6

0 𝑑𝑦 2
𝐿𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−6 𝑥 √1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
0 25
= 2𝜋 ∫−6 𝑥√1 + ⁡ 𝑑𝑥
4
0 29
= 2𝜋 ∫−6 𝑥√ 4 ⁡ 𝑑𝑥
0
= 𝜋 ∫−6 𝑥√29⁡ 𝑑𝑥
0
= 𝜋√29 ∫−6 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 𝑥2 0
= 𝜋√29 [ 2 ]
−6
62
= 𝜋√29 [ 2 ]
36
= 𝜋√29 ( 2 )
= 𝜋√29(18)
= 18𝜋√29

ANSWER: 18𝜋√29 square cm

𝑥2 𝑦2
26. Find the area of the surface obtained by revolving the ellipse 98 + 72 = 1 about the x-
axis.

Solution:

X-intercepts:
𝑥2 02
+ 72 = 1
98
𝑥2
=1
98
2
𝑥 = 98
𝑥 = ±√98 = ±7√2

𝑥2 02
+ =1
98 72
36𝑥 + 49𝑦 2 = 3528
2

49𝑦 2 = 3528 − 36𝑥 2

√3528−36𝑥 2
𝑦= 7

36𝑥 2 + 49𝑦 2 = 3528

𝑑𝑦
72𝑥 + 98𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
98𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = −72𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −72𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 98𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −36𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 49𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −36𝑥
= √3528−36𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
49 ⁡
7
𝑑𝑦 −36𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 7⁡√3528−36𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 2 1296𝑥 2
(𝑑𝑥 ) = 49(3528−36𝑥 2 )

7√2 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−7√2 𝑦√1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
7√2 √3528−36𝑥 2 1296𝑥 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−7√2 ⁡√1 + 49(3528−36𝑥 2 )⁡ 𝑑𝑥
7

7√2 √3528−36𝑥 2 49(3528−36𝑥 2 )+1296𝑥 2

𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−7√2 ⁡√ ⁡ 𝑑𝑥
7 49(3528−36𝑥 2 )

2𝜋 7√2 49(3528−36𝑥 2 )+1296𝑥 2

= ∫ √3528 − 36𝑥 2 ⁡√ ⁡ 𝑑𝑥
49 −7√2 (3528−36𝑥 2 )
2𝜋 7√2
= ∫
49 −7√2
√49(3528 − 36𝑥 2 ) + 1296𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 2𝜋 7√2
= ∫ √172872 − 468𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
49 −7√2

TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION:

√468𝑥 = √172872 sin 𝜃

√172872
𝑥= sin 𝜃
√468
4802
𝑥=√ sin 𝜃
13

4802
𝑑𝑥 = √ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
13

√172872 − 468𝑥 2 = √172872 cos 𝜃

√468
sin 𝜃 = 𝑥
√172872
13
sin 𝜃 = √4802 𝑥
13
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 (√4802 𝑥⁡)

When 𝑥 = 7√2
𝜃 = 0.54

When 𝑥 = −7√2
𝜃 = −0.54

2𝜋 7√2
𝑆𝐴 = ∫ √172872 − 468𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
49 −7√2
2𝜋 0.54 4802
𝑆𝐴 = ∫ (√172872 cos 𝜃⁡)(√ 13 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃)
49 −0.54

2𝜋 830131344 0.54
= 49
√
13
∫−0.54 cos2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

INTEGRATION BY PARTS OF ∫ cos2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃:

Let 𝑢 = cos 𝜃
𝑑𝑢 = −sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑣 = cos 𝜃
𝑣 = sin 𝜃

∫ cos 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 − ∫ − sin2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

∫ cos 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + ∫ sin2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∫ cos 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + ∫(1 − cos 2 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
∫ cos 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + ∫ 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ cos 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2 ∫ cos 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + ∫ 𝑑𝜃
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 1
∫ cos 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 2
+ 2 ∫ 𝑑𝜃
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 1
∫ cos 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 2
+ 2𝜃

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 2𝜋 830131344 0.54 2𝜋 830131344 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 1 0.54
√ ∫−0.54 cos2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = √ [ + 2 𝜃⁡]
49 13 49 13 2 −0.54
2𝜋 830131344 sin 0.54 cos 0.54 1 sin −0.54 cos −0.54 1
= √ {[ + 2 (0.54)⁡] − [ + 2 (−0.54)⁡]}
49 13 2 2
= 1004.18

ANSWER: approximately 1004.18 square units

−5 5
27. The curve 𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥 2 , ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6 is an arc of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4. Find the area of
6
the surface obtained by rotating this arc about the x-axis.

Solution:
We have 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4 and 𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 0
𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = −2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −𝑥
=
√4−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑥2
(𝑑𝑥 ) = 4−𝑥 2

5
𝑑𝑦 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−5
6
𝑦√1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
6
5
𝑥2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫ √4 − 𝑥 2 √1 + 4−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
6
−5
6
5
4−𝑥 2 +𝑥 2
= 2𝜋 ∫ √4 − 𝑥 2 √
6
−5 𝑑𝑥
4−𝑥 2
6
5
4
= 2𝜋 ∫ √4 − 𝑥 2 √4−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
6
−5
6
5
1
= 4𝜋 ∫ √4 − 𝑥 2 √4−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
6
−5
6
5

= 4𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 6
−5
6
5
6
= 4𝜋[𝑥]−5
6
5 5
= 4𝜋 [6 − (− 6)]
5 5
= 4𝜋 (6 + 6)
10
= 4𝜋 ( 6 )
40𝜋
= 6
20𝜋
= 3

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 20𝜋
ANSWER: square units
3

28. The arc of the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ⁡from (2,4) to (3,9) is rotated about the y-axis. Find the
area of the resulting surface.

Solution:

We have 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
(𝑑𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2

3 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫2 𝑥 √1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫2 𝑥√1 + 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢 = 1 + 4𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢 = 8𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
8

When 𝑥 = 2
𝑢 = 17

When 𝑥 = 3
𝑢 = 37

Rewrite in terms of u:

3
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫2 𝑥√1 + 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
37 𝑑𝑢
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫17 √𝑢 ( 8 )
𝜋 37
= 4 ∫17 √𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
𝜋 𝑢237
= 4[ 3 ]
17
2
𝜋 37
3
= 6 [𝑢 ] 2
17
3 3
𝜋
= 6 [372 − 172 ]
𝜋
= 6 (37√37 − 17√17)
= 81.14

ANSWER: approximately 81.14 square units

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

29. Find the lateral area of the frustum of a right circular cone with lower base radius of
7 in, upper base radius of 5 in and an altitude of 8 in.

Solution:

Assuming the frustum was made by rotating the line segment −7 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −5 about the
y-axis.

We have:

Slope of the line segment,

8 8
=2=4
−5−(−7)

Equation of the line segment,

𝑦 − 0 = 4(𝑥 + 7)
𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 28

𝑑𝑦
=4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
(𝑑𝑥 ) = 16

−5 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−7 𝑥 √1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
−5
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫−7 𝑥 √1 + 16 𝑑𝑥
−5
= 2𝜋√17 ∫−7 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 −5
= 2𝜋√17 [ 2 ]
−7
2 ]−5
= 𝜋√17[𝑥
−7
= 𝜋√17[(−5)2 − (−7)2 ]
= 𝜋√17(25 − 49)
= 𝜋√17(−24)
= −24𝜋√17

ANSWER :⁡⁡24𝜋√17 square units since there is no negative area.

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

30. Find the area of the surface obtained when the curve 𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 is rotated
about the x-axis.

Solution:

We have:

𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑒 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
(𝑑𝑥 ) = 4𝑒 4𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫0 𝑦√1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫0 𝑒 2𝑥 √1 + 4𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢 = 2𝑒 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4

𝑢 = 2𝑒 2𝑥
When 𝑥 = 0
𝑢=2
When 𝑥 = 1
𝑢 = 2𝑒 2

Rewrite in terms of u:
1 2𝑒 2 𝑑𝑢
2𝜋 ∫0 𝑒 2𝑥 √1 + 4𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝜋 ∫2 √1 + 𝑢2 ( 4 )
𝜋 2𝑒 2
= 2 ∫2 √1 + 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢

TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION:

𝑢 = tan 𝜃
𝑑𝑢 = sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
√1 + 𝑢2 = sec 𝜃
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑢)
When 𝑢 = 2
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(2) = 𝛼
When 𝑢 = 2𝑒 2
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(2𝑒 2 ) = 𝛽

𝜋 2𝑒 2 𝜋 𝛽
∫
2 2
√1 + 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢⁡ = 2 ∫𝛼 (sec 𝜃)(sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃)
𝜋 𝛽
= 2 ∫𝛼 sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

INTEGRATION BY PARTS:

Let 𝑢 = sec 𝜃
𝑑𝑢 = sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑣 = sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑣 = tan 𝜃

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

𝜋 𝛽 𝜋 𝛽 𝛽
∫ sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 2 {[sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃] − ∫𝛼 sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃}
2 𝛼 𝛼
𝜋 𝛽 𝜋 𝛽 𝛽
∫ sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 2 {[sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃] − ∫𝛼 sec 𝜃(sec 2 𝜃 − 1)𝑑𝜃}
2 𝛼 𝛼
𝜋 𝛽 3 𝜋 𝛽 𝛽 3 𝛽
∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = {[sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃] − ∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 + ∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃}
2 𝛼 2 𝛼 𝛼 𝛼
𝜋 𝛽 𝜋 𝛽 𝜋 𝛽 𝜋 𝛽
∫ sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 2 [sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃] − 2 ∫𝛼 sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 + 2 ∫𝛼 sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2 𝛼 𝛼
𝛽 𝜋 𝛽 𝜋 𝛽
𝜋 ∫𝛼 sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 2 [sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃] + 2 ∫𝛼 sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝛼
𝜋 𝛽 3 𝜋 𝛽 𝜋 𝛽
[sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃] + ∫𝛼 sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 =
2 𝛼 4 𝛼 4
𝜋 𝛽 𝜋 𝛽
= [sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃] + [ln|sec 𝜃 +tan 𝜃|]
4 𝛼 4 𝛼
𝜋 𝛽
= 4 [sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + ln|sec 𝜃 +tan 𝜃|]
𝛼
𝜋
= 4 [(sec 𝛽 tan 𝛽 + ln|sec 𝛽 +tan 𝛽|) − (sec 𝛼 tan 𝛼 + ln|sec 𝛼 +tan 𝛼|)]

Since tan 𝛼 = 2
tan2 𝛼 = 4
1 + tan2 𝛼 = 5 = sec 2 𝛼
sec 𝛼 = √5

Since tan 𝛽 = 2𝑒 2
tan2 𝛽 = 4𝑒 4
1 + tan2 𝛽 = 1 + 4𝑒 4 = sec 2 𝛽
sec 𝛽 = √1 + 4𝑒 4

𝜋
So 4 [(sec 𝛽 tan 𝛽 + ln|sec 𝛽 +tan 𝛽|) − (sec 𝛼 tan 𝛼 + ln|sec 𝛼 +tan 𝛼|)] is equal to:

𝜋
[(2𝑒 2 √1 + 4𝑒 4 ⁡ + ln|2𝑒 2 + √1 + 4𝑒 4 |) − (2√5 + ln|2 + √5|)]
4

𝜋
= 4 (2𝑒 2 √1 + 4𝑒 4 ⁡ + ln|2𝑒 2 + √1 + 4𝑒 4 | − 2√5 − ln|2 + √5|)
= 169.93

ANSWER: Approximately 169.93 square units

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

WORK
31. A spring whose normal length is 10 inches has a modulus of 20 pounds per inch. How
much work is done in stretching this spring from a length of 15 inches to 20 inches?

Solution:

By⁡Hooke’s⁡Law:

𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥, 𝑘 = 20
𝐹(𝑥) = 20𝑥
10
𝑊 = ∫5 𝐹(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
So,

10
𝑊 = ∫5 20𝑥𝑑𝑥
10
= [10𝑥 2 ]
5
= [10(10)2 − 10(5)2 ]
= (1000 − 250)
= 750

ANSWER: 750 in-lbs

32. Find the work required to compress a spring of modulus 81,000 pounds per foot a
distance of 1/4 inch.

Solution:
1 1⁡𝑓𝑡 1
(4 ⁡𝑖𝑛) (12⁡𝑖𝑛) = 48 ⁡𝑓𝑡

By⁡Hooke’s⁡Law:

𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥, 𝑘 = 81000

𝐹(𝑥) = 81000𝑥
1
𝑊 = ∫048 𝐹(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

So,
1
𝑊 = ∫048 81000𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
2
[40500𝑥 ]48
=
0
1
= [40500(48)2 ] − 0
40500
= −0
2304

1125
= 64

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 1125
ANSWER: ft-lbs
64

33. Find the work required to compress the spring in Problem 32 an additional of 3/4
inch.

Solution:
1 3
⁡𝑖𝑛 + 4 ⁡𝑖𝑛 = 1⁡𝑖𝑛
4

1⁡𝑓𝑡 1
1⁡𝑖𝑛⁡ (12⁡𝑖𝑛) = 12 ⁡𝑓𝑡
1
𝑊 = ∫112 81000𝑥𝑑𝑥
48

= [40500𝑥 2 ]12
1
48

1 2 1 2
= [40500 (12) − 40500 (48) ]

40500 40500
=( − )
144 2304

16875
= 64

16875
ANSWER: ft-lbs
64

34. A cable 50 feet long weighing 5 pounds per foot hangs from the top of the building.
Find the work required to lift the cable to the top of the building.

Solution:

𝐹(𝑥) = 5𝑥
50
𝑊 = ∫0 𝐹(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
50
𝑊 = ∫0 5𝑥𝑑𝑥

5𝑥 2 50
=[ ]
2 0
5(50)2
=[ ]−0
2

= 6250

ANSWER: 6250 ft-lbs

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 1000
35. The force of attraction between the two masses is pounds where x is the distance
𝑥2
between them in feet. How much work must be done to increase the distance between
the masses from 10 feet to 100 feet?

Solution:

1000
𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥2

100
𝑊 = ∫10 𝐹(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

100 1000
𝑊 = ∫10 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
100 1
= 1000 ∫10 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1 100
= −1000 [𝑥]
10
1 1
= −1000 (100 − 10)
9
= −1000 (− 100)
= 90

ANSWER: 90 ft-lbs

36. A hemispherical tank of radius 7 feet is filled with water to a depth of 5 feet. Find the
work done in pumping the water to the top of the tank.

Solution:

∆𝐹 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = (𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐⁡𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)(𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒)

Water has specific weight of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot

62.4⁡𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = ( ) (𝜋𝑟 2 ∆𝑦⁡𝑓𝑡 3 )
𝑓𝑡 3
= 62.4𝜋𝑟 2 ∆𝑦⁡𝑙𝑏𝑠

∆𝑊 = ∆𝐹𝑦 = (62.4𝜋𝑟 2 ∆𝑦)𝑦

A semi-circle with radius 7 feet has an equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 49, so,

𝑥 2 = 49 − 𝑦 2

7
𝑊 = ∫2 62.4𝜋𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦
7
𝑊 = 62.4𝜋 ∫2 𝑦(49 − 𝑦 2 ⁡)𝑑𝑦

Let 𝑢 = 49 − 𝑦 2
Let 𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑦𝑑𝑦
−𝑑𝑢
= 𝑦𝑑𝑦
2

𝑢 = 49 − 𝑦 2
When 𝑦 = 2

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 𝑢 = 45

When 𝑦 = 7
𝑢=0

Rewrite in terms of u:

7 0 −𝑑𝑢
62.4𝜋 ∫2 𝑦(49 − 𝑦 2 ⁡)𝑑𝑦 = 62.4𝜋 ∫45 𝑢 ( )
2
0
= −31.2𝜋 ∫45 𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑢2 0
= −31.2𝜋 [ 2 ]
45
(45)2
= 0 + 31.2𝜋 [ ]
2
= 31590𝜋

ANSWER: 31590𝜋 ft-lbs

37. A right circular tank of depth 10 feet and radius 2 feet is half full of oil weighing 50
pounds per cubic foot. Find the work done in pumping the oil to a height 5 feet above
the tank.

Solution:

∆𝐹 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
50⁡𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = ( ) (𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒)
𝑓𝑡 3
50⁡𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = ( ) (𝜋𝑟 2 𝑑𝑦⁡𝑓𝑡 3 )⁡
𝑓𝑡 3
50⁡𝑙𝑏𝑠
=( ) (𝜋22 ∆𝑦⁡𝑓𝑡 3 )
𝑓𝑡 3
= 200𝜋∆𝑦⁡𝑙𝑏𝑠

∆𝑊 = ∆𝐹𝑦 = (200𝜋∆𝑦)𝑦

15
𝑊 = ∫10 200𝜋𝑦𝑑𝑦
15
= 200𝜋 ∫10 𝑦𝑑𝑦
15
= 100𝜋[𝑦 2 ]
10
= 100𝜋[(15)2 − (10)2 ]
= 100𝜋(225 − 100)
= 100𝜋(125)
= 12500𝜋

ANSWER: 12500𝜋 fl-lbs

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

38. A 30-foot chain weighing 5 pounds per foot is lying coiled on the ground. How much
work is required to raise one end of the chain to a height of 30 feet so that it is fully
extended?

Solution:

∆𝐹 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
5⁡𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = ( ) (𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ)
𝑓𝑡
5⁡𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = ( ) (∆𝑦⁡𝑓𝑡)
𝑓𝑡
= 5∆𝑦⁡𝑙𝑏𝑠

∆𝑊 = ∆𝐹𝑦 = (5∆𝑦)𝑦
30
𝑊 = ∫0 5𝑦𝑑𝑦
5𝑦 2 30
=[ 2 ]
0
5(30)2
=[ 2 ]−0
= 2250

ANSWER: 2250 ft-lbs

39. A quantity of gas with an initial volume of ½ cubic foot and pressure of 600 pounds
per square foot expands to a volume of 2 cubic feet. Find the work done by the gas.

Solution:

Because pressure is inversely proportional to volume,

𝑘
we have 𝑃 = 𝑉, where k is constant. Since P=600 lbs
per square foot when V=1/2 cubic foot, we have:

1
𝑘 = 𝑃𝑉 = (600) (2) = 300

2𝑘
𝑊 = ∫1 𝑑𝑉
2 𝑉
2 300
𝑊 = ∫1 𝑑𝑉
2 𝑉
2 𝑑𝑉
= 300 ∫1
2 𝑉
2
= 300[ln|𝑉|] 1
2
1
= 300 [ln|2| − ln |2|]
= 415.89

ANSWER: Approximately 415.89 ft-lbs

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

40. The initial volume of a gas in a piston is 10 cubic inches and has a pressure of 5 pounds
per square inch. How much work is required to expand this gas to a volume of 20
cubic inches?

Solution:

Because pressure is inversely proportional to volume,

𝑘
we have 𝑃 = 𝑉, where k is constant. Since P=5 lbs per
square inch when V=10 cubic inches, we have:

𝑘 = 𝑃𝑉 = (5)(10) = 50

20 𝑘
𝑊 = ∫10 𝑑𝑉
𝑉
20 50
𝑊 = ∫10 𝑉 𝑑𝑉
20 𝑑𝑉
= 50 ∫10 𝑉
20
= 50[ln|𝑉|]
10
= 50[ln|20| − ln|10|]
= 34.66

ANSWER: Approximately 34.66 in-lbs

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND FORCE
 For Problems 41-45, the given surfaces are submerged vertically in a fluid of specific
weight 𝜔. Find the force on one side of the surface.
41. A rectangle 15 feet wide and 10 feet deep with the upper edge lying in the surface.

Solution:

For this problem and the succeeding problems the y-axis is used as the vertical axis
and the x-axis as the horizontal axis. Use also 𝜔 = 62.4 pounds per cubic foot for the
specific weight of water.
𝑏
𝐹 = 𝜔 ∫𝑎 𝑥𝐷𝑑𝑦

Where, 𝜔 is the specific weight of the fluid,

x is the width of the rectangular element
D is the depth and
dy is the thickness of the rectangular element

We have 𝑥 = 15 and 𝐷 = 10 − 𝑦
10
𝐹 = 𝜔 ∫0 15(10 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
10
𝐹 = 62.4 ∫0 15(10 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
10
= 62.4 ∫0 (150 − 15𝑦)𝑑𝑦
15 10
= 62.4 [150𝑦 − 2 𝑦 2 ]
0
15
= 62.4 [150(10) − 2 (10)2 ] − 0
= 62.4(1500 − 750)
= 62.4(750)
= 62.4(750)
= 46800

ANSWER: 46800 lbs

42. An equilateral triangle of sides 5 feet with one edge lying in the surface.

Solution:

Since the sides of the triangle is 5 feet we can get its

altitude by Pythagorean theorem,

5 2 5√3
𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = √52 − (2) = 2

Equation of the side of the triangle (since it is inverted

and assuming that its lower corner passes (0,0)).
5√3

𝑦= 2
5 𝑥
2

𝑦 = 𝑥√3
𝑦
𝑥=
√3

𝑦 5√3
We have 𝑥 = and 𝐷 = −𝑦
√3 2

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 5√3
𝑦 5√3
𝐹 = 2𝜔 ∫0 2 ( )( − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
√3 2

5√3
𝑦 5√3
𝐹 = 124.8 ∫0 2 ( ) ( − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
√3 2

5√3
5𝑦 𝑦2
= 124.8 ∫0 2 ( 2 − ) 𝑑𝑦
√3

5√3
5𝑦 2 𝑦3
= 124.8 [ − 3√3] 2
4
0
5√3 2 5√3 3
5( ) ( )
= 124.8 [ 2
− 2
]−0
4 3√3

375 125
= 124.8 ( 16 − )
8

125
= 124.8 ( 16 )

= 975

ANSWER: 975 lbs

43. An isosceles right triangle with legs 7 feet long and one leg lying in the surface.

Solution:

Equation of the side of the triangle (since it is inverted

and assuming that its lower corner passes (0,0))
7
𝑦 = 7𝑥

𝑦=𝑥

We have 𝑥 = 𝑦 and 𝐷 = 7 − 𝑦

7
𝐹 = 𝜔 ∫0 𝑦(7 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
7
𝐹 = 62.4 ∫0 𝑦(7 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
7
= 62.4 ∫0 (7𝑦 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦

7𝑦 2 𝑦3 7
= 62.4 [ − ]
2 3 0
7(7)2 (7)3
= 62.4 [ − ]−0
2 3

343 343
= 62.4 ( − )
2 3

343
= 62.4 ( )
6

17836
= 5

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 17836
ANSWER: lbs
5

44. A rectangle 20 feet wide and 16 feet deep with the upper edge lying in the surface.

Solution:

We have 𝑥 = 20 and 𝐷 = 16 − 𝑦
16
𝐹 = 𝜔 ∫0 20(16 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
16
𝐹 = 62.4 ∫0 20(16 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
16
= 62.4 ∫0 (320 − 20𝑦)𝑑𝑦

16
= 62.4[320𝑦 − 10𝑦 2 ]
0
= 62.4[320(16) − 10(16)2 ] − 0

= 62.4(5120 − 2560)

= 62.4(2560)

= 159744

ANSWER: 159744 lbs

45. An isosceles trapezoid of height 8 feet and bases 12 feet and 24 feet with the smaller
base lying in the surface.

Solution:

Equation of the side of the trapezoid (since its longer

base is in the bottom and assuming that the corner
made by the longer base and its leg on the right passes
(12,0)).
8
𝑦 = − 24−12 (𝑥 − 12)
2

4
𝑦 = − 3 (𝑥 − 12)
3𝑦−48
𝑥= −4
3𝑦−48
We have 𝑥 = and 𝐷 = 8 − 𝑦
−4

8 3𝑦−48
𝐹 = 2𝜔 ∫0 ( ) (8 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
−4

8 3𝑦−48
= 124.8 ∫0 ( ) (8 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
−4

8
= −31.2 ∫0 (3𝑦 − 48)(8 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
8
= −31.2 ∫0 (72𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 − 384) 𝑑𝑦

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 8
= −31.2[36𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 − 384𝑦]
0
= −31.2[36(8)2 − (8)3 − 384(8)] − 0

= −31.2(2304 − 512 − 3072)

= −31.2(−1280)

= 39936

ANSWER: 39936 lbs

For Problems 44-46, find the fluid force on the vertical side of the tank, where the
dimensions are given in feet. Assume that the tank is full of water.

46.

Solution:

We have 𝑥 = 4and 𝐷 = 3 − 𝑦

3
𝐹 = 𝜔 ∫0 4(3 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
3
𝐹 = 62.4 ∫0 4(3 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
3
= 62.4 ∫0 (12 − 4𝑦)𝑑𝑦

3
= 62.4[12𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 ]
0
= 62.4[12(3) − 2(3)2 ] − 0

= 62.4(36 − 18)

= 62.4(18)
5616
= 5

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 5616
ANSWER: lbs
5

47.

Solution:

Equation of the side of the trapezoid (since its shorter base is in the bottom and
assuming that the corner made by the shorter base and its leg on the right passes
(1,0)).

3
𝑦 = 1 (𝑥 − 1)

𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1)

𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 3
𝑦+3
𝑥= 3

𝑦+3
We have 𝑥 = and 𝐷 = 3 − 𝑦
3

3 𝑦+3
𝐹 = 2𝜔 ∫0 ( ⁡) (3 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
3

3 𝑦+3
𝐹 = 124.8 ∫0 ( ⁡) (3 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
3

124.8 3
= 3
∫0 (𝑦 + 3⁡)(3 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
124.8 3
= 3
∫0 (−𝑦 2 + 9) 𝑑𝑦

124.8 −𝑦3 3
= [ + 9𝑦]
3 3 0
124.8 −(3)3
= [ + 9(3)] − 0
3 3

124.8
= (−9 + 27)
3

124.8
= (18)
3

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 3744
= 5

3744
ANSWER: lbs
5

48. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2

Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑥2

𝑥 = √𝑦

We have 𝑥 = √𝑦⁡and 𝐷 = 4 − 𝑦
4
𝐹 = 2𝜔 ∫0 (√𝑦)(4 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
4
𝐹 = 124.8 ∫0 (√𝑦)(4 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
1 3
4
= 124.8 ∫0 (4𝑦 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
3 5
4𝑦 2 𝑦2 4
= 124.8 [ 3 − 5 ]
2 2
0
3 5
8𝑦 2 2𝑦 2 4
= 124.8 [ − ]
3 5 0
3 5
8(4)2 2(4)2
= 124.8 [ − ]−0
3 5

64 64
= 124.8 ( 3 − )
5

128
= 124.8 ( 15 )
26624
= 25

26624
ANSWER: lbs
25

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

49. Find the fluid force on the vertical plate submerged in water, where the dimensions
are given in meters and weight-density of water is 9800N per cubic meter.

Solution:
We have 𝑥 = 2and 𝐷 = 𝑦

4
𝐹 = 𝜔 ∫2 2𝑦𝑑𝑦
4
𝐹 = 9800 ∫2 2𝑦𝑑𝑦

4
= 9800[𝑦 2 ]
2
= 9800[(4)2 − (2)2 ]

= 9800(16 − 4)

= 9800(12)

= 117600

ANSWER: 117600N

50. A horizontal cylindrical boiler 2 feet in diameter is half full of water. Find the force on
one end.

Solution:

The ends of the cylindrical boiler are circles. Assuming

that the center of the circle is in the (1,0) Then the
circle has the equation 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 1

𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 1

𝑥 2 = 1 − (𝑦 − 1)2
𝑥 = √1 − (𝑦 − 1)2 ⁡

We have 𝑥 = √1 − (𝑦 − 1)2 ⁡⁡⁡and 𝐷 = 1 − 𝑦

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma

 1
𝐹 = 2𝜔 ∫0 (√1 − (𝑦 − 1)2 ⁡)(1 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
1
𝐹 = 124.8 ∫0 (√1 − (𝑦 − 1)2 ⁡)(1 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦

Let 𝑢 = 𝑦 − 1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑦
1 − 𝑦 = −𝑢

When 𝑦 = 0
𝑢 = −1
When 𝑦 = 1
𝑢=0
1 0
124.8 ∫0 (√1 − (𝑦 − 1)2 ⁡)(1 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 124.8 ∫−1(−𝑢)(√1 − 𝑢2 ⁡) 𝑑𝑢
0
= −124.8 ∫−1 𝑢(√1 − 𝑢2 ⁡) 𝑑𝑢

TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION:

Let 𝑢 = sin 𝜃
𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝜃⁡𝑑𝜃
√1 − 𝑢2 ⁡ = cos 𝜃

𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(𝑢)
When 𝑢 = −1
−𝜋
𝜃= 2
When 𝑢 = 0
𝜃=0
0 0
−124.8 ∫−1 𝑢(√1 − 𝑢2 ⁡) 𝑑𝑢 = −124.8 ∫−𝜋(sin 𝜃)(cos 𝜃)(cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃)
2
0
= −124.8 ∫−𝜋 sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2

Let 𝑗 = cos 𝜃
𝑑𝑗 = −sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
−𝑑𝑗 = sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜋
When 𝜃 = − 2
𝑗=0
When 𝜃 = 0
𝑗=1
0 1
−124.8 ∫−𝜋 sin 𝜃 cos 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = −124.8 ∫0 𝑗 2 (−𝑑𝑗)
2
1
= 124.8 ∫0 𝑗 2 𝑑𝑗
𝑗3 1
= 124.8 [ 3 ]
0
(1)3
= 124.8 [ 3 − 0]
1
= 124.8 (3)
208
= 5

208
ANSWER: lbs
5

:Engr. Jaymel Hiloma