YEAR 10 SCIENCE 2024
PHYSICS ROTATION – SUCCESS CRITERIA SEMESTER ONE
TOPIC SUCCESS CRITERIA ✓
1 Understand that a force is a push, pull or twist
2 Recall Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
Apply the appropriate laws of motion to particular scenarios to explain objects
3
motion
Consider whether the forces acting on an object are balanced (eg cancel out), or if
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FORCES there is a net force (overall force) accelerating the object in a particular direction
5 Draw free body diagrams to represent all forces acting on an object
Identify that weight is a force based on the gravitational field that an object is
6
experiencing
Differentiate between weight and mass, and identify units of measurements for
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each
Understand the difference between scalar and vector quantities, and identify
8
examples of each
Differentiate between distance and displacement, and speed and velocity, in word
9
problems
Identify that SI units are used to stay consistent in equations, and that specific
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symbols are used to represent each unit
MOTION EQUATIONS
11 Identify that different symbols are used to represent variables of motion
Calculate different aspects of an object’s motion using the equations:
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vaverage = s/t ; v = u + at ; a = (v – u)/t ; v 2 = u2 + 2as
13 Rearrange the equations of motion (see #12) to find different variables
14 Solve multi-step calculations using multiple equations
15 Define Energy and Work
Understand that energy comes in a variety of forms, both kinetic and
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potential
17 Define the Law of Conservation of Energy
CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY 18 Calculate gravitational potential energy using the equation: E P = m g h
19 Calculate mechanical kinetic energy using the equation: E K = ½ m v2
Apply the Law of Conservation of Energy to calculations, including multi-
step calculations (eg. Using total energy at the top of a fall, equating to
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kinetic energy at bottom of fall, to then rearrange and calculate the
velocity at the bottom of the fall)
Physics Formulae and Constants Sheet 2024
Equations
s
Average velocity v av = Symbols and units:
t
s = displacement (m)
t = time (s)
v−u
Acceleration a= ; v = u + at v = final velocity (m/s)
t
u = initial velocity (m/s)
; v v2 a = acceleration (m/s2)
= u2 + 2as F = force (N)
m = mass (kg)
E = energy (J)
Force F=ma
Potential Energy Ep = mgh
Kinetic Energy Ek = ½ mv2
Physical Data
Acceleration due to gravity on Earth g = 9.8 m/s2
Prefixes of the Metric System
Factor Prefix Symbol Factor Prefix Symbol
1012 tera T 10-3 milli m
109 giga G 10-6 micro µ
106 mega M 10-9 nano n
103 kilo k 10-12 pico p
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1
Which one of the following is an example of Newton’s third law?
a) the recoil of a rifle when it fires
b) shopping falling off the backseat of a car when you stop suddenly
c) an apple falls to the ground from a tree
d) pushing a full shopping trolley is harder than pushing an empty one
Question 2
Which of the following trolleys would have the greatest acceleration?
a) b)
2 kg 5N 4 kg 10 N
c)
d)
4 kg 5N 2 kg 10 N
Question 3
This graph shows a ball rolling from A to G. The ball starts at point A and rolls to point G.
At what letter does the ball have the greatest kinetic energy
a) A
b) C
c) D
d) G
Question 4
The Kinetic Energy of a body depends on:
a) mass and acceleration
b) mass and velocity
c) weight and acceleration
d) weight and velocity
Short Answer Questions
Question 1 (2 marks)
Write True or False next to the following statements
a) Inertia is the resistance to any change of motion. _____________
b) If you blow up a balloon, and then release it
as shown below, the balloon will fly away. ____________
This is an illustration of Newton’s first law of
motion
c) A sheet of paper can be withdrawn from under a bottle of water
without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly. The best explanation ___________
to that is because gravity is pulling down on the bottle.
d) The following units are all SI units N, m/s, kg, m/s2, and J ____________
Question 2 (2 marks)
Trent is riding his bike along the road. At one point, he needs to apply the brakes to avoid hitting a child
crossing the road. On the diagram show and label all the forces acting as he brakes.
Question 3 (2 marks)
Dudley Duck is skateboarding south for the winter. If he is able to skate at 9.2 m/s. What will be his
displacement after 25.0 minutes?
Question 4 (2 marks)
A car starts from rest and accelerates at 3 m/s/s for 72m. How fast is it now going?
Question 5 (3 marks)
A tree lopper cuts a 120.0 kg branch from a tree and it falls 5.00 m to the ground. Assuming the
branch is in free fall, calculate the speed of the branch when it hit the ground.
Question 6 (5 marks)
A force of 12.0 N is applied to a trolley at rest with a mass of 1.50 kg. After a period of time the
trolley has a velocity of 34.0 m/s. Calculate:
a. the acceleration of the trolley. (2 marks)
b. the time taken for the trolley to reach the velocity of 34.0 m/s. (If you are unable to calculate
acceleration use the value of 10.0 m/s/s.) (3 marks)
Question 7 (3 marks)
A group of physics teachers is taking some time off for a little mini-golf. The 15th hole has a large
metal rim that putters must use to guide their ball towards the hole. Mr Hitie guides a golf ball around
the metal rim. When the ball leaves the rim, which path (1, 2, or 3) will the golf ball follow? Explain
your answer with reference to one of Newton’s Laws of motion.
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Question 8 (2 marks)
Oscar, excited to learn about Physics, walks from his Tutor room 120m East to Physics. He then
realises he should have gone to English, dejected, he walks 50m West to his English classroom.
a) What distance did Oscar travel?
(1 mark)
b) What is Oscar’s displacement?
(1 mark)
Question 9 (7 marks)
A billycart and its rider (see diagram) have a total a mass of 90.0 kg and is a starter in a race. To get
the billycart moving it is pushed by the rider’s assistant from rest with an average forward force of
70.0 N for the first 12.0 m on a level track.
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50 m
(i) What acceleration does the billycart and rider experience during the first 12.0 m of the race.
(2 marks)
(ii) What is the velocity of the billycart after it has traveled 12.0 m? (if you are unable to calculate the
acceleration for part (i) use the value of 1.2 m/s/s). (3 marks)
(iii) For what time was the billycart pushed? (2 marks)
Question 10 (5 marks)
A rock is dropped off the Arc de Triumph which stands at a height of 50m.
Ignore any effects from air resistance, the diagram is not to scale.
a) If the rock takes 3.16 seconds to reach the ground, determine the
rock’s final velocity prior to hitting the ground:
(2 marks)
b) If the rock was thrown upwards (from the surface of the Arc de Triumph) with an initial velocity of
7.0 m/s determine the rock’s final velocity when it reaches the street below.
(3 marks)
Question 11 (4 marks)
A cricketer hits a ball to square leg and decided to try to run. He started from rest and arrived safely
to the opposite crease in 1.7 seconds travelling at 6.3 m/s.
a) Calculate his acceleration.
(2 marks)
b) Calculate the displacement between the wickets. If you did not calculate an acceleration for part
a) use a = 2.1 m/s/s.
(2 marks)
Question 12 (8 marks)
Josephine is practising her diving from a springboard into the pool. She bounces on the end of it so that she is
projected upwards with a velocity of 8.20 m/s. (For this question assume no horizontal motion impacts on the
values.)
a) What is the maximum height that Josephine reaches above the board? (3 marks)
b) To make this dive Josephine hits the end of the board and bends it downwards which then springs
back giving her body kinetic energy. Explain what happens to this energy as her body rises up to the
maximum height of the dive. (2 marks)
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c) The end of the springboard is at a height of 2.30 m above the water at the time when Josephine just
leaves it. She is initially moving upwards at a speed of 8.20 m/s.
If Josephine was in the air for 1.92 seconds (that is the time she leaves the board until the time she
enters the water) Calculate the velocity with which Josephine enters the water ?
(4 marks)
Question 13 (8 marks)
A tennis ball is dropped from a height of 15.2 m.
a) Calculate:
i. The initial potential energy that the tennis ball has if its mass is 58 g. (2 marks)
ii. The kinetic energy it possessed half way down to the ground. (1 mark)
iii. The velocity in which it hits the ground. (3 marks)
b) Would the actual velocity be higher, lower, or the same as the value you have calculated in part iii
above? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
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