OSS
PRACTI
TOPIC: 20 BASIC LINUX
CAL 1: COMMAND:
1) COMMAND NAME: pwd
DESCRIPTION – the pwd command prints the current directory
path.
SYNTAX – pwd [option]
PROMPLET - pwd display the logical current directory
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
2) COMMAND : ls
DESCRIPTION : the ls COMMAND FILE LISTS THE CONTENT OF A
DIRECTORY IT DISPLAYS FILE AND DIRECTORIES WITH THE
CURRENT DIRECTORY BY DEFAULT .
SYNTAX – ls[option]…[file]…
IT MODIFIES THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE COMMAND .
l – LONG LISTING FORMAT .
h – HUMAN READABLE FORMAT .
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
3) COMMAND NAME : cat
DESCRIPTION : the cat command displays the content of file
SYNTAX – cat [options]…[file]
-n = number all input
-e = display $ at the end of each line
OUTPUT EXAMPLE –
4) COMMAND NAME – head
DESCRIPTION – The Linux head command prints the first lines of
one or more files (or piped data) to standard output.
SYNTAX – head [OPTION]... [FILE]...
-n : specifies the number of line to display
-c : specifies the number of bytes to display
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
OUTPUT :
5) COMMAND NAME : tail
DESCRIPTION – tail command writes the file specified by the file
parameter to standard output beginning at a specified point . if
no file is specified , standard output is used .
SYNTAX - [ -f ] [ -c Number | -n Number | -m Number | -
b Number | -k Number ] [ File ]
-b read the specified file at beginning at the 512-byte block
location indicated by the Number variable.
c Number Reads the specified file beginning at the byte
location indicated by the Number variable.
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
6) COMMAND NAME : mv
DESCRIPTION : mv command moves files or direction from one
location to another it can also be used to rename file or
directories.
SYNTAX : mv[option]…[source]…[destination]
I prompts before overwriting files .
OUTPUT EXAMPLES :
7) COMMAND NAME : mkdir
DESCRIPTION : mkdir command creates new directoriy with
specified name .
SYNTAX : mkdir[option]…[directory]
OUTPUT EXAMPLES :
8) COMMAND NAME : cp
DESCRIPTION : cp copies files or directory from one directory to
another
SYNTAX : cp[option]…[source]…[test]
-I prompt
-u copy only when the source file is havier then the destination
file or when the destination file is missing
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
9) COMMAND NAME : rm
DESCRIPTION : removes the entries for a specified file, group of files, or certain
select files from a list within a directory.
SYNTAX : rm [OPTION]... FILE...
OUTPUT EXAMPLES :
10) COMMAND NAME : gedit
DESCRIPTION : gedit command is used to write small notes and
document.
SYNTAX : --new-window: Opens a new instance of gedit in
a new window
-version displays the version of gedit
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
11) COMMAND NAME : man
DESCRIPTION : man COMMAND IS USED TO DISPLAY THE
DOCUMENTATION ON JUST ABOUT ANY LINUX COMMAND CAN
BE EXECUTED ON THE TERMINAL .
SYNTAX : man [ [ [ -c ] [ -t ] [ section ] ] | [ -k | -f ] ] [ -F ] [ -m ] [ -
Mpath ] [ -r ] [ -a ]
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
12) COMMAND NAME : echo
DESCRIPTION : echo is a built-in Linux command that is used to
display the text passed in as an argument.
Use -e to Add Various Escape Characters
SYNTAX : echo [option] [argument]
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
13) COMMAND NAME : clear
DESCRIPTION : A clean command is usually included in Linux
package managers which can be used to clear the package
SYNTAX : clear
OUTPUT EXAMPLES :
14) COMMAND NAME : whoami
DESCRIPTION : The whoami command in Linux is used to
display the username of the current user who is logged in:
SYNTAX : whoami [option]
OUTPUT EXAMPLE:
15) COMMAND NAME : wc
DESCRIPTION : command calculates a file's word, line,
character, or byte count
SYNTAX : wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
16) COMMAND NAME : grep
DESCRIPTION : grep command in Unix/Linux is a powerful tool
used for searching and manipulating text patterns within files.
SYNTAX : grep [options] pattern [files]
OUTPUT EXAMPLES :
17) COMMAND NAME : free
DESCRIPTION : grep command in Linux is a powerful tool used
for searching and manipulating text patterns within files.
-k, –
Displays memory usage in kilobytes
kilo
-m, –
Displays memory usage in megabytes.
mega
-g, –
Displays memory usage in gigabytes.
giga
SYNTAX : free [OPTION]
OUTPUT EXAMPLE :
18) COMMAND NAME : pipe
DESCRIPTION : The pipe command in Linux, represented by the
vertical bar symbol '|' . The primary purpose of the pipe
command is to connect the output of one command directly
into the input of another.
SYNTAX : Command 1 | command 2 | command 3 |
OUTPUT EXAMPLE:
19) COMMAND NAME : ln
DESCRIPTION : this command is used to create shortcut to
other file
SYNTAX : ln [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
ln [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (2nd form)
OUTPUT EXAMPLE:
20) COMMAND NAME : tar
DESCRIPTION : tar command is used to create archive and extract archieve files
SYNTAX : Syntax of `tar` command in Linux
tar [options] [archive-file] [file or directory to be archived]
FLAG:
BRANCH (AI-ML)21 (BATCH 2)
