CH: INTRODUCTION TO AI

Artificial Intelligence, is the development of computer systems that can mimic human
cognitive functions, such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving, to perform tasks
autonomously and intelligently.

According to NITI Aayog: “AI is a constellation of technologies that enable machines

to act with higher levels of intelligence and emulate the human capabilities of sense,
comprehend and act. Thus, computer vision and audio processing can actively perceive
the world around them by acquiring and processing images, sound and speech. The
natural language processing and inference engines can enable AI systems to analyse
and understand the information collected. An AI system can also take action through
technologies such as expert systems and inference engines or undertake actions in the
physical world.”

According to European Commission: “Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to systems that

display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with
some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely
software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g. voice assistants, image analysis
software, search engines, speech and face recognition systems) or AI can be
embedded in hardware devices (e.g. advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones or
Internet of Things applications).”

According to World Economic Forum: “Artificial intelligence (AI) is a key driver of the
Fourth Industrial Revolution. its effect can be seen in homes, businesses and even
public spaces. In its embodied form of robots, it will soon be driving cars, stocking
warehouses and caring for the young and elderly. AI holds the promise of solving some
of society’s most pressing issues, but also presents challenges such as inscrutable
“black box” algorithms, unethical use of data and potential job displacement.”

Types of Intelligence:

Linguistic intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding and

implementing in writing or verbally.

Musical intelligence: Intelligence about a person’s ability to recognize and create

sounds, rhythms and sound patterns.
Logical-Mathematical intelligence: Person’s ability to regulate, measure and understand
numerical symbols, abstractions and logic.

Spatial Visual intelligence: Ability to perceive the visual world and the relationship of one
object to another.

Naturalistic intelligence: Intelligence relating to the ability to process information on the

environment around us.

Interpersonal intelligence:

Intrapersonal intelligence:

Kinaesthetic intelligence:This ability is related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled
manner.

Existential intelligence: Relating to religious and spiritual awareness.

Human Intelligence Machine Intelligence

Humans perceive by patterns. Machines perceive by a set of rules.

For ex: the number 12345678 is easy to Machines have memory that can store
remember, store and recall as its pattern and recall the information by searching
is simple. algorithms.

Humans can figure out the complete Machines find it difficult to complete or
object even if some part of it is missing or figure out the missing part of an object.
distorted.

Decision - Making

Need of Artificial Intelligence?

-high accuracy, less error
-high speed
-personal virtual assistant
-machines that can work in an environment where survival of humans can be ast risk

Disadvantages?
Goals of AI:
1. Imitate human intelligence
2. Solve tasks based on knowledge
3. An intelligent connection of observation and action
4. Building a machine/device which can perform tasks that require human
intelligence:
a) Proving a theorem
b) Playing chess
c) Plan some surgical operation
d) Driving a car in traffic
e) Interpreting language
5. Creating a system which can demonstrate intelligent behavior, learn new things by
itself, show, explain, and can give advice to its user.

Speech Recognition Voice Recognition

Aims to understand what was spoken. Aims to understand who is speaking.

Used in hand-free computing Used to identify a person by analyzingits

tone, voice pitch, accent.

Machines don’t need as much training in Voice recognition systems need training
comparison as it is not speaker as it is person oriented.
dependent.

What is NOT AI?

1. Automatic car toy - not AI
2. Self-driving car - AI
3. Automatic washing machine - not AI
4. Virtual assistant - AI
5. Air conditioner - not AI
6. Smart TV - not AI
7. Calculator - not AI

In traditional programming, developers write explicit instructions for computers to follow,

without the system being capable of learning or adapting on its own.

Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI refers to the development of computer systems capable

of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include
learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, and
decision-making.

Machine Learning (ML): A subset of AI, machine learning involves algorithms that
allow computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data without
being explicitly programmed.
● Image Recognition: Algorithms can learn to identify objects in images.
● Natural Language Processing (NLP): Algorithms can understand and generate
human language.
● Recommendation Systems: Algorithms can suggest products, movies, or music
based on past preferences.

Deep Learning: A subfield of machine learning that uses neural networks with many
layers to learn representations of data.
● Speech Recognition: Systems can transcribe spoken language into text.
● Autonomous Vehicles: Deep learning enables vehicles to perceive and navigate
their environment.

AI DOMAINS
1. Data Science: Multidisciplinary field that combines mathematics, statistics, and
computer science to apply machine learning algorithms to numbers, text, images,
video, audio, etc., to produce AI systems that perform tasks like a human does.
The data whether numeric, text, audio, video, image, etc., is all covered to
numeric form for extraction, preparation, analysis, visualization and maintenance
of information.
Ex: Price comparison websites.
2. Computer Vision: CV is the scientific technology for building artificial systems that
obtain information from images, video or any other visual data. This involves
methods of acquiring, processing, analyzing and understanding digital images
and extraction of data from real and visual world.
Ex: Self-driving cars, face lock
3. NLP: Branch of AI that deals with the interaction between computers and
humans using the natural language.
Text and speech based data.
Ex: email filters, smart assistants.

APPLICATIONS OF AI
1. Marketing sector
2. Banking sector
3. Financial sector
4. Agriculture sector (Plantix)
5. Healthcare sector
6. Gaming sector (Deep blue, AlphaGO)
7. Space exploration
8. Autonomous vehicles
9. Chatbots
10. Social media
11. Artificial creativity (MuseNet)

AI ETHICS
Data privacy (Amazon, Youtube)
AI machines should know moral ethics
AI will give rise to Fake information
AI machines should have Rights or not?
AI bias - AI Decision-making should be biased free, transparent
AI access
Unemployment
AI in the life of Young kids