Section Views
Importance of sectional views
• Machine parts have external as well as
internal details. The internal features are not
visible in an exterior view and are required to
be drawn by short dashed hidden lines. If
there are many such hidden details
represented by the hidden lines, the
description becomes confusing, the objects
are assumed to have been cut and sectional
views are drawn so that the internal features
can be shown by outlines.
CUTTING PLANE
Cutting plane is a plane that imaginarily cuts
the object to reveal the internal features.
Cutting
plane Cutting plane line
Section lines
Rules for drawing hatching lines
• Section lines are drawn at 45 degrees to the
major boundaries or the line of symmetry of
the section
• The spacing between section lines should be
uniform, around 1mm to 3mm, depending
upon the size of the sectioned area of the
object. Once selected, the spacing and
direction for a particular object should remain
the same for that view of the object
Rules for drawing hatching lines
Rules for drawing hatching lines
• When a rib/web or any thin plate in an object is
cut by a cutting plane parallel to its largest
surface, the thin plate is shown without hatchings
to avoid false impression of thickness or solidity.
Rules for drawing hatching lines
• When 2 adjacent parts are to be sectioned, the section lines
are drawn at 45 degrees to the major boundaries but sloping
in opposite directions to distinguish 2 different parts. If there
is a third part, adjoining the 2, the section lines are drawn
inclined at 45 degrees to the major boundaries, but the
spacing between section lines is changed. Normally a smaller
sectioned area should have smaller spacing and larger
surface should have a larger spacing.
Rules for drawing hatching lines
• To differentiate various materials, different
conventions of section lining are used
Example 1
• For the casting shown below, draw the
sectional front view and the top view
Solution
Types of sectional views
1) full sectional view
2) Half sectional view
3) Offset sections
4) Revolved sections
5) Removed sections
6) Partial sections
FULL SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the straight cutting plane
completely through the part.
OFFSET SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the bended cutting plane
completely through the part.
Do not show the edge views
of the cutting plane.
HALF SECTION VIEW
A center line is used to separate the sectioned half from the
unsectioned half of the view.
Hidden line is omitted in unsection half of the view.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the cutting plane normal to the
viewing direction and removing the portion of an object in
front of it.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
A break line is used to separate the
sectioned portion from the
unsectioned portion of the view.
Break line is a thin continuous line
(4H) and is drawn freehand.
There is no cutting plane line.
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Revolved sections show cross-sectional
features of a part.
No need for additional orthographic views.
This section is especially helpful when a
cross-section varies.
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Basic concept
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Basic concept
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
REMOVED SECTION VIEW
6. Removed section
Removed section is revolved section.
Section view is shown outside the view.
Used where space does not enough for
revolved section
Can be located elsewhere on a drawing
with properly labeled
REMOVED SECTION VIEW
Example : Revolved vs. removed sections.
Revolved section Removed section
REMOVED SECTION VIEW
Example : Situation that removed section is preferred.
Poor Preferred
Too messy !!
REMOVED SECTION VIEW
Example : Multiple removed section views
A B
SECTION B – B
SECTION A – A
Practice question 1
• 1) looking in the direction of arrow X, draw
the sectional front view and the top view of
the object shown below:
Practice question 2
Draw the sectional front view and the left hand
side view of the casting shown below:
Practice question 3
• A casting is shown, looking in the direction of
arrow X, draw the half sectional front view
and the top view of the casting
Practice question 4
• Fig.2 shows a casting. Looking in the direction
of arrow, draw its front view, top view and
half sectional right side view. Project the
views in first angle.
