(AN IS0 9001:2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY)

Mfrs & Fabricators of: - Pharma & Chemical Processing Equipments.

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE

Doc.No# BE-QC-NDT-RT Rev. No: 0 Date : 10.10.2024

PLOT 13,14 SAJJANPADA, PALGHAR MANOR ROAD, PALGHAR EAST-401404.

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE DOC. NO.: BE-QC-NDT-RT

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 . AN IS0 9001:2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY)
Mfrs & Fabricators of: - Pharma & Chemical Processing Equipments.

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE

Doc.No# BE-QC-NDT-RT Rev. No: 0 Date : 10.10.2024

Subject: Procedure for Radiography

Contents:-

1 Scope
2 Reference document
3 Personnel Qualification
4 Surface Preparation & examination
5 Quality of radiographs
6 Diagnostic Film Length
7 Identification of radiographs
8 Radiographic Techniques.
9 Pentrometers
10 Processing
11 Viewing of radiographs
12 Radiographic Records

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 . AN IS0 9001:2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY)
Mfrs & Fabricators of: - Pharma & Chemical Processing Equipments.

RADIOGRAPHY TESTING PROCEDURE

Doc.No# BE-QC-NDT-RT Rev. No: 0 Date : 10.10.2024

1.0 SCOPE
This procedure establishes the requirement of Radiographic Examination for internal defects of welds of
Pressure vessels, Heat-exchangers, Reactors, Tanks, etc. having critical applications on account of high
Pressure/Temperature or incorporation with hazardous substance/material
The whole Radiography procedure is performed by an outside agency deputed by Sunrise.
Interpretation will be checked by Sunrise Personnel.

2.0 REFERRENCE DOCUMENTS

1) ASME SEC V, Article-2 Latest edition.
2) ASME SEC VIII Div. 1 Latest edition.

3.0 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL

3.1 Radiography will be performed under supervision of LEVEL II
3.2 Interpretation of radiographs shall be carried out by level II Officer/Experienced person in this field.

4.0 SURFACE PREPERATION FOR EXAMINATION

The surface area is mechanically cleaned by wire brushing.

Any surface irregularities that may interfere with the interpretation of the radiograph shall be removed,
so that these irregularities cannot be confused with discontinuities. The finish surface of all butt welded joint
may be flush with the base materials or may have reasonably uniform crowns.

5.0 QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS

5.1 Radiographic film
Depending on job thickness etc. Radiography films will be selected suitably to ensure
radiography quality in terms of contrast & min. 2% sensitivity
Film used for Radiography will be of good quality, visibility & of current date i.e. prior to expiry
date prescribed by manufacturer on films cartons.
Radiography films storage will be safe and protected from effects of heat, light, humidity,
fumes, pressure & most important penetrating radiations.
5.2 Intensifying Screens
0.1mm thick lead-intensifying screen will be used in front & at back of films cut to appropriate size
films in cassettes.
Screen with dents/scratches etc. shall be replaced.
5.3 Radiography Density
5.3.1 The transmitted films density through the radiographic image of the body of the
appropriate penetrometer and area of interest shall be between1.88 to 2.5
 5.4 Geometrical unsharpness.
Radiography will be performed so that geometrical unsharpness of the radiograph does not exceed
the following limits.

Material thickness Ug
In inches maximum in inches
Under 2 0.020
2 to 3 0.030
Minimum SFD in order to achieve this shall be calculated as follows

D= SxT +
Ug
Where:-
D= source/focal spot to film distance (SFD/FFD)
S= physical source diagonal size.
T= thickness of object being radio graphed
Ug= Geometrical Unsharpness (Penumbra)
*For DWDI this shall refer to the outside diameter of the pipe weld.

6.0 DIAGNOSTIC FILM LENGTH

6.1 General
Film length for each exposure shall be such that with suitable SFD, at the extremities, thickness does
not exceed by more than 10% the actual thickness i.e. the central area of radiograph where
radiation beam is aligned normal (perpendicular) to area of interest.

6.2 No. of Exposures

6.2.1 SWSI (panoramic):- one exposure, with film overlap to be at least 1”
6.2.2 SWSI (off-set) :- at least 3 equidistantly spaced exposures with minimum overlap of
coverage to be 1”
6.2.3 DWSI:- minimum number of exposures shall be follows
a) For wall thickness schedule up to SCH 100 a minimum of 3 equidistantly spaced
exposures required, with minimum overlap of coverage in the diagnostic area to be
½”
b) For wall thickness schedule up to SCH 100 a minimum of 4 equidistantly spaced
exposures required, with minimum overlap of coverage in the diagnostic area to be
½”
6.2.4 DWID(Elliptical):- minimum no of exposures to be two at 90° to each other

7.0 IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHS

All Radiographs shall be lengitimaticaly identified with component/part number using lead number and
alphabets same way weld shall be identified by incorporating lead nos./alphabets at segment end location
and also date of radiography.
The placement of this identification shall be at least ¼” above or below the area of interest of the
radiograph under no condition area of interest shall be camouflaged.
8.0 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
8.1 A single wall exposure technique shall be used for radiography where practical (SWSI)
8.2 When it is not practical to use a single –wall technique one of the following double-wall technique
shall be used.
a) Single wall viewing (DWDI) – In this technique, the radiation passes through two walls and only
the weld on the film side is viewed for acceptance.
b) Double wall viewing (DWDI) – For welds in components 3.5” or less in nominal outside diameter,
this technique will be used in which the radiation passes through two wall & the weld in both
wall is viewed for acceptance in same radiograph.
For DWDI, only a source side penetrometer shall be used.

9.0 PENETRAMETERS.
Radiograph Sensitivity & contrast shall be ensured by way of penetrometers of suitable designation based
on component thickness.

9.1 Material For Penetrometers

The material of the penetrometers shall be of similar radiographic density to that of material under
examination I.e. Steel for Steel, Aluminum for Aluminum etc.
9.2 Placement of Penetrometers
The wire type Penetrometers shall be placed on the source side, across the weld so that the wires
are at 90° to the seam, with the thinnest wire away from the central beam of radiation. The plaque
type Penetrometer shall be placed adjacent to the weld with the 2T away from the central beam of
radiation.
Where in accessibility prevents placement of the penetrometer on the source side, a film side
penetrometer may be used & letter F shall be placed adjacent to or on the penetrometer.
9.3 Number of Penetrometers
Penetrometer will be placed so that one is visible on each radiograph. If the density of the
radiograph through the length of the area of interest varies by more than minus 15% or plus 30%,
then an additional penetrometer shall be placed in the area of interest, with the exception of DWDI.
When more than one film is used for an exposure, a penetrometer image shall be present in each
radiograph, except where complete panoramic exposure is taken four equally spaced penetrometer
shall be used.

Where the geometry of the part to be radiographed does not permit the placement of
penetrometer, the penetrometer will be placed on a separate block of same radiographic density to
appear on the radiograph near the job.

10.0 PROCESSING
10.1 Processing will be manual.
10.2 Developing time to be 4-8mts in the temperature range of 18-22°C. Films shall be agitated for 10
Seconds each minute during development. This will help film develop evenly.
10.3 Following development, the activity of developer in emulsion shall be neutralized by an acetic
acid stop bath for ½ to 1 minute with agitation first 10 seconds.
10.4 Films will be fixed for at least twice the cleaning time with agitation for the first 10 seconds and
again at the end of the first minute.
10.5 Washing will be at least 10 minutes in running water.
10.6 Films shall be drained, then hung and dried.
11.0 VIEWING OF RADIOGRAPHS
The viewer used will be provide a variable intensity light source, which will emit sufficient illumination to
enable the interpreter to distinguish all the pertinent details of radiography.

12.0 RADIOGRAPHIC RECORDS

Radiographic reports shall be preserved % held for a minimum period of three year after completion of the
job/project.
Details of information to be given on report shall be specified in this procedure.

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