Programming For Mobile Applications
Assignment – 4
CASE STUDY
Name: Vignesh Vasu
Reg No.:727822TUCS252
Dept: III CSE C
Android APK Build Process and Optimization Guide
1. Build Process Overview
1.1 Basic Build Steps
Gradle:
android {
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled true
shrinkResources true
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-
android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
signingConfig signingConfigs.release
}
}
}
1.2 Complete Build Pipeline
1. Compile Source Code
- Java/Kotlin → .class files
- AIDL → .java → .class
2. Transform Class Files
- Dex compiler → .dex files
- Bytecode optimization
3. Package Resources
- Compile resources (aapt2)
- Generate R.java
- Create resources.arsc
4. Bundle Assets
- Copy raw assets
- Compress if configured
5. Create APK
- Combine DEX, resources, assets
- Sign APK
- Zipalign optimization
2. Key Configuration Files
2.1 build.gradle
Gradle:
android {
compileSdkVersion 34
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.app"
minSdkVersion 24
targetSdkVersion 34
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
// Multidex settings
multiDexEnabled true
// Vector drawable support
vectorDrawables.useSupportLibrary = true
}
// Build type specific configurations
buildTypes {
release {
// Optimization flags
minifyEnabled true
shrinkResources true
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-
android-optimize.txt'),
'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
// Build variants
flavorDimensions "version"
productFlavors {
free {
dimension "version"
applicationIdSuffix ".free"
}
paid {
dimension "version"
applicationIdSuffix ".paid"
}}}
2.2 ProGuard Rules
Proguard:
# Keep important classes
-keep class com.example.app.api.** { *; }
-keep interface com.example.app.api.** { *; }
# Keep model classes
-keepclassmembers class com.example.app.models.** {
*;
}
# Keep custom view constructors
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.view.View {
<init>(android.content.Context);
<init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
}
# Remove logging in release
-assumenosideeffects class android.util.Log {
public static *** d(...);
public static *** v(...);
}
3. Optimization Strategies
3.1 Code Optimization
```gradle
android {
buildTypes {
release {
// Enable R8 optimization
minifyEnabled true
// Remove unused resources
shrinkResources true
// Enable optimization passes
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-
android-optimize.txt')
}
}
}
3.2 Resource Optimization
Xml:
<!-- res/xml/network_security_config.xml -->
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="false">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
</network-security-config>
```
3.3 Native Library Optimization
Gradle:
android {
defaultConfig {
ndk {
// Specify ABI filters
abiFilters 'armeabi-v7a', 'arm64-v8a'
}
}
splits {
abi {
enable true
reset()
include 'armeabi-v7a', 'arm64-v8a'
universalApk false
}
}
}
```
4. Performance Optimization Checklist
4.1 Build Configuration
- [x] Enable minification
- [x] Enable resource shrinking
- [x] Configure ABI splits
- [x] Enable multidex if needed
- [x] Configure proper ProGuard rules
- [x] Set up signing configs
- [x] Enable vector drawable support
- [x] Configure build variants
4.2 Resource Management
- [x] Optimize image assets
- [x] Remove unused resources
- [x] Use appropriate image formats
- [x] Implement density-specific resources
- [x] Minimize raw resource size
4.3 Code Quality
- [x] Remove debug logs
- [x] Optimize dependencies
- [x] Remove unused libraries
- [x] Implement proper ProGuard rules
- [x] Handle multidex configuration
5. Common Issues and Solutions
5.1 Build Issues
gradle:
android {
// Fix Dalvik 64K method limit
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}
// Fix resource merging conflicts
sourceSets {
main {
res.srcDirs = ['src/main/res']
}
}
}
```
5.2 ProGuard Issues
proguard
# Fix reflection issues
-keepattributes *Annotation*
-keepattributes Signature
-keepattributes Exception
# Fix serialization issues
-keepclassmembers class * implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final java.io.ObjectStreamField[]
serialPersistentFields;
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream);
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream);
java.lang.Object writeReplace();
java.lang.Object readResolve();
}
```
6. Final Testing Steps
1. Build Release APK
```bash
./gradlew assembleRelease
```
2. Test APK
- Install on various devices
- Test all features
- Verify ProGuard configuration
- Check resource loading
- Validate signing
3. Performance Testing
- Launch time analysis
- Memory usage monitoring
- Battery consumption tests
- Network usage validation
