 Pollutants: Air and Water

MARTHA ROGERS  Physical

SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEING THEORY  Lead paints, mercury, asbestos
 This theory is based on Rogers’ assumption about the person and 3. Biological
interaction with the environment.  Molds
 The 4 building blocks with her environment model. ( Four Concepts)  Pollens
1. Energy field  Allergens
2. Universe of open system  Mites
3. Pattern  Animal waste and its by-products
4. Pandimensionality 4. Socioeconomic
 Family income
ENERGY FIELD
 Education Level
 Are fundamental units of both living and non- living things.
 Occupation
 They are unique, dynamic, open and infinite.  Social Status
 2 types: Human field (unitary man) and Environmental field  Resources
UNIVERSE OF OPEN SYSTEM  Health
 Refers to idea that energy fields are open, infinite and interactive o Promotes function and development within social groups in
PATTERN accordance with human potential, known human limitation, and
 It is the characteristic of an energy field and is perceived as a wave the human desire to return to normal” ▪Nursing plans and
that changes continuously. implements care based on the actual and potential self-care
PANDIMENSIONALITY deficits.
 It refers to non- linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes.  Nursing
 Human being are pan dimensional being and have more than three o The skilled professional who evaluates and acknowledges a
dimension. patient’s health deficit
o Nursing plans and implements care based on the actual and
PRINCIPLES OF HOMEODYNAMICS potential self-care deficits
 Helicy
 Refers to continuous and mutual interaction between human Major Concepts
and environmental fields.  Self-care is the performance or practice of activities that individuals
 Integrality initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health and
 Refers to continuous change from lower frequency to higher well-being.
frequency wave patterns in human and environmental fields.  Self-care agency is the human’s ability or power to engage in self-
 Resonancy care and is affected by basic conditioning factors.
 Refers to continuous, probabilistic, increasing diversity of  Basic conditioning factors are age, gender, developmental state,
the human and environmental fields. health state, sociocultural orientation, health care system factors,
family system factors, patterns of living, environmental factors, and
PARADIGM resource adequacy and availability.
 PERSON- is also viewed as unified whole (unitary man) possessing  Therapeutic Self-care Demand is the totality of “self-care actions to
integrity and manifesting characteristics more than the sum of parts. be performed for some duration in order to meet known self-care
requisites by using valid methods and related sets of actions and
 HEALTH- defined health as an expression of the life process.
operations.” Major Concepts
 NURSING- is an art and science that is humanistic and humanitarian.
 Self-care Deficit- delineates when nursing is needed. Nursing is
 ENVIRONMENT- is an irreducible, indivisible, pan dimensional
required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent or
energy field.
guardian) is incapable of or limited in the provision of continuous
effective self-care.
WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?  Nursing Agency is a complex property or attribute of people educated
 Human beings and the environment are always exchanging matter and and trained as nurses that enables them to act, to know, and to help
energy with each other others meet their therapeutic self-care demands by exercising or
 Life is always moving, always shifting to one degree or another developing their own self-care agency.
 Patients can never be separated from their environment when  Nursing System is the product of a series of relations between the
addressing health and treatment persons: legitimate nurse and legitimate client. Considered to be the
unifying theory that includes all of the essential elements of self-care
DOROTHEA OREM deficit nursing theory.
Metaparadigms of Orem’s Model
 Person Concepts Unique to Orem’s Model Three Nursing Theories
o An individual or group of individuals who have the ability to  Theory of Self-Care
acquire the knowledge necessary to perform tasks of self-care. o “Self –care comprises the practice of activities that maturing and
o Intellectual ability to cognitively perform, delegate and evaluate mature persons initiate and perform, within time frames, on their
tasks performed. own behalf in the interest of maintaining life, healthful
 Environment functioning, continuing personal development and well-being
o 4 realms of state are encompassed of Environment through meeting known requisites for functional and
1. Physical developmental regulations”
 Shelter o The Theory of Self-Care has three components:
 Security a. Universal Self-Care Requisites
 Amenities  Maintenance of sufficient intake of air ,water, food
 Provision of care associated with elimination process
2. Chemical  Balance between activity and rest, between solitude
 Chemical and social interaction
  Prevention of hazards to human life well being  Social system is used to help determine what influences the patient to
 Promotion of human functioning make decisions
b. Developmental Self-Care Requisites o Organization
 Promote development o Authority
 Engage in self-development o Power
 Preventing or overcoming adverse human conditions o Status
and life situations o Decision- making

 Theory of Self-Care Deficit NURSING PARADIGM

o A self-care deficit occurs when an individual cannot carry out  Human being /person
selfcare requisites. o Human being or person refers to social being who are rational and
o Examples of self-care requisites are: sentient.
 Wound care o Person has ability to:
 Activities of Daily Living  Perceive
 Bowel program  Think
 Glucose monitoring  Feel
 Theory of Nursing Systems  Choose, set goals
o Wholly compensatory system- patient is unable to complete any  select means to achieve goals & to make decision
self-care independently; nursing compensates for patient’s  ENVIRONMENT
inability to perform selfcare. o Environment is the background for human interactions.
o Partly compensatory system- patient is able to perform self-care o It involves:
tasks with partial or no assistance from nursing.  Internal environment: transforms energy to enable person to
o Supportive-Educative system– patient able to perform tasks adjust to continuous external environmental changes.
independently. Nursing provides ongoing education and support.  External environment: involves formal & informal
organizations. Nurse is a part of the patient’s environment.
WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?  HEALTH
 Patients have the innate ability and responsibility to care for o Health involves dynamic life experiences of a human being,
themselves which implies continuous adjustment to stressors in the internal
 A nurse’s role goes beyond tending to patient’s physical needs; it & external environment through optimum use of one’s resources
involves supporting them on their journey to regain independence to achieve maximum potential for daily living.
 It is used in rehabilitation and primary care settings, where the patient  NURSING
is encouraged to be as independent as possible o a process of action, reaction & interaction by which nurse &
client share information about their perceptions in nursing
IMOGENE KING situation.
Theory of Goal Attainment
 Imogene King’s theory was about patients and nurses working WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?
together to mutually set goals that were achievable by the patient to
help them attain and maintain health.  Emphasizes the importance of nurse- patient collaboration, focusing
 King was able to do this by the three integrated working systems-- on mutual goal setting and achievement
Persons, interpersonal relationships, and social contexts.  Therapeutic relationship
 Theory describes a dynamic, interpersonal relationship in which a
person grows and develops to attain certain life goals
 Factors affecting: roles, stress, space, and time

King’s Ideas
 Clear communication is essential between the nurse and patient
 King discusses the progression of progression of relationship building
from perception, judgment, action, reaction, and interaction
 King understood the importance of monitoring the progress of
reaching the patient’s goals

System Levels
 Personal system is when the nurse focuses on what are the patient’s
perceptions
o Perception
o Self growth and development
o Body image
o Space
o Time
 Interpersonal system is discovering the patient’s role and possible
stressors
o Communication
o Interaction
o Role
o Stress, stressors
o Transaction