MATHS FORMULAS

1 Perimeter of square= 4*S

2 Area of square=S*S
3 Diagonal of square=√ 2∗S
4 Perimeter of rectangle=2*(l+b)
5 Area of rectangle=l*b
Diagonal of rectangle=√ l 2+ b2
Perimeter of triangle= sum of all sides
6
7
8 b∗h
Area of triangle=
2
9 Perimeter of parallelogram=2*(b+s)
10 Area of parallelogram=b*h
11 Perimeter of rhombus=4*S
12 1 1 2
Area of rhombus= ∗d ∗d
2
2
13 Area of circle= π r
14 Circumference of circle=2 π r
15 1 0
Area of right angled triangle= ∗product of the sides containing 90
2
16 Area
Length of rectangle=
breadth
17 Area
Breadth of rectangle=
Length
18 Area
Base of parallelogram=
Height
19 Area
Height of parallelogram=
Base
20 2∗Area
Height of triangle=
Base
21 2∗Area
Base of triangle=
Height
22
Radius of a circle=
√A
π
23 Circumference
π=
Diameter
24 22
Area of circular ring= ∗¿
If the radius of inner circle is given find the radius of the outer circle=Radius of inner circle+ width=Radius of
7

the outer circle

25

If the radius of outer circle is given find the radius of inner circle=Radius of outer circle-width=Radius of inner
circle
26

27 Longest side in the right angled=Hypotenuse

28 The boundary of the circle is called the circumference
29 1Km=10,00,000mm
30 1
1hc= Km
10
31 1m=100cm
32 1cm=10m
33 1dc=10,000km
34 1 dacm=100dc
35 1
1mm= km
10 ,00,000
Kilometer Hectameter Decameter Meter Decimeter Centimeter Millimeter
Kilogram Hectagram Decagram Gram Decimeter Centigram Milligram
Kiloliter Hectaliter Decaliter Liter Deciliter Centiliter Milliliter
*10

(a+ b) =a 2+2 ab +b2

10÷
36 2
37 ( a−b )2=a2 +2 ab−b2
38 ( a 2−b2 ) =(a+b)(a−b)

Gain= (Selling price)-(Cost price)

39 ( a+ b ) ( a−b )=a2−b 2

Loss=(Cost price)-(Selling price)

40
41
42 Gain∗100
Gain% =
Cost price
43 Loss∗100
Loss% =
Cost price
44 [ 100+ Gain % ]∗Cost Price
Selling price=
100
45 [ 100−Loss % ]∗Cost Price
Selling price=
100
46 100∗Selling price
Cost price= ¿
{100+Gain % ¿
47 100∗Selling Price
Cost price=
[100−loss % ]
48 Principal × Rate ×Time
Simple interest=
100
49 100× Simple Interest
Principal=
Rate ×Time
50 100× Simple Interest
Rate=
Principal ×Time
51 100× Simple Interest
Time=
Principal × Rate
52
Mean=
∑ of observations
Number of observations
53 Median:
Even:
1 n n+ 1
× Observation+ observation
2 2 2
 Odd:
n+1
observation
n
54 Mode: Most occurring number
55 Laws of exponents
i. a m × an =am +n
m
a m−n
ii. n
=a
a
iii. (a ¿¿ m)n=amn ¿
iv. a m × bm =¿
m
a a
v. m
=[ ]2
b b
0
vi. a =1
vii. a 1=1
56 Properties Of Addition Of Rational Number:

( )
a c
 Closure Property: +
b d
a c c a
 Commutativity: + = +
b d d b

( )( )
a c e
 Associativity: + + = + +
b d f
a c e
b d f
a a a
 Existence of additive identity (zero): +0= =0+
b b b
a c c a
 Existence of negative (additive inverse) of a rational number: + =0= +
(a+b+c)2 =a 2+ b2 +c 2+ 2 ab+2 bc+ 2ac
b d d b

(a+b)3=a 3+3 a2 b +3 ab2 +b 3

57

(a-b)3=a 3−3 a2 b+3 ab 2−b3

58

(x+a) (x+b)=x2+x(a+b)+ab
59
60
61 n(n−3)
If there are n-sides of a convex polygons and n>3, then it has diagonals. A triangle has no diagonals.
4
 ( n(n−3) )
62
To find how many diagonals in a polygon
2
63 Direct Variation: a 1 :a 2=b1 :b2
64 Inverse Variation: a 1 :a 2=b2 :b1
65 1
Area of trapezium: ×( ∑ of∥sides)×(distance between∥sides)
2
66 Cuboid:

Total surface area of the cuboid=2 (lb +bh+ lh ) square unis

Volume of cuboid= Area of the base∗height=length∗breadth∗height=lbh cubic units
Diagonal of cuboid=√ l 2 +b 2+ h2 units
Areaof the four walls of theroom=2 ( l+b ) h square units
67 v
Height of a cuboid=
(l)×(b)
68 v
Length of a cuboid=
(b) ×(h)
69 v
Breadth of cuboid=
(l)×(h)
70 Cube:
 2
Total surface area of the cube=6 a square units
3
Volume of the cube=a cubicunits
Diagonal of the cube=√ 3 a units
71 Right circular cylinder:

Curved surface area=2 πrh

Total surface area=2 πr (h+r )
2
Volume of ¿ circular cylinder =π r h
72 Right circular hollow cylinder:
 Curved surface area=2 πh ( R+r )
Total surface area=2 π (R +r )(R+h−r)
2 2
Volume of ¿ circular hollow cylinder =πh( R −r )
73 Right circular cone:

Curved surface area=πrl sq . units

Total surface area=πr ( l+r ) sq . units
1 2
Volume of ¿ circular cone= π r h
3
74 Sphere:
 2
Surface area of sphere=4 π r
4 3
Volume of sphere= π r
3
75 Hemisphere:
2
Surface area of hemisphere=2 π r
2
Total surface area=3 πr
2 3
Volume of hemisphere= πr
3
76 Spherical shell:
 2
Outer surface area=4 π R
4 3 3
Volume of spherical shell= π (R −r )
3

1cm3=1000mm3
77 Standard units of volume and their relations:

1m3=106cm3
1dm3=1000cm3
1m3=100dm3
1km3=109m3
1l=1dm3=1000cm3
1ml=1cm3
1l=1000ml3
1kl=1000l=1m3

1m3=1000000cm3
78 Standard units of volume and their relations:

1m3=1000dm3=1000 liters
1dm3=1000cm3=1000 milliliter
1 kiloliter=1000 liter=106cm3=1m3
1cm3=1000mm3
79 The magnitude of a space region or solid region is called its volume

Area of rhombus= base×height

80 A cubic centimeter is the volume of the region formed by a cube of side 1cm
81
82 Dividend=(Divisor×Quotient)+Remainder

( )
83 Component Value 0
Central angle of a component= × 360
∑ of thr component values
84 THEOREM ON CIRCLES:
Theorem 1:
Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) subtend equal angles at the center.
Theorem 2:
If the angles subtended by two chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) at the center (corresponding center) are
equal, the chords are equal.
Theorem 3:
 The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.
Theorem 4:
The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.
Theorem 5:
Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal
Theorem 6:
The line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.
Theorem 7:
The sum of the angles of a triangle is 1800.
Theorem 8:
There is one and only one circle passing through three non-collinear points
Theorem 9:
Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the center (or corresponding centers).
Theorem 10:
Chords equidistant from the center (or corresponding centers) of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equal
Theorem 11:
If the sum of a pair of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180°, then the quadrilateral is cyclic.
Statement 1:
The length of the perpendicular from a point to a line is the distance of the line from the point.
Statement 2:
If two arcs of a circle are congruent, then their corresponding chords are equal and conversely, if two chords of a
circle are equal, then their corresponding arcs (minor, major) are congruent.
Statement 3:
Congruent arcs of a circle subtend equal angles at the center.
Statement 4:
Angle in a semicircle is right angle.
Statement 5:
If the circles intersect at two points their centers line on the perpendicular bisector of the common chord.
3 3 2 2
85 a + b =(a+ b)(a −ab+b )
86 3 3
a −b =( a+b) ¿
3 3 3 2 2 2
87 a + b +c =(a+b +c)( a +b + c −ab−bc−ac )
88 Rationalization Identities:
 ( √a 2) =a
√ a × √b=√ ab
√a= a
√b b √
( √ a+ √b )( √ a−√ b )=a−b
( a+ √ b ) ( a−√ b )=a2−b
( √ a+ √ b)2¿ a+ 2 √ ab+ b
( √ a+ √b )( √ c+ √d ) =√ ac+ √ ad+ √bc + √ bd
89

Linear Pair: Vertically opposite angles: Corresponding angles: Alternate interior angles:
∠ 1+∠2=180
0
∠ 1=∠3 ∠ 1=∠5 ∠ 4=∠ 6
∠ 2+∠3=180
0
∠ 2=∠ 4 ∠ 2=∠ 6 ∠ 3=∠ 5
∠ 3+∠ 4=180
0
∠ 6=∠ 8 ∠ 3=∠ 7
∠ 1+∠4=180
0
∠ 5=∠ 7 ∠ 4=∠ 8
0
∠ 6+∠5=180
0
∠ 6+∠7=180
0
∠ 7+∠ 8=180
0
∠ 5+∠8=180
Alternate exterior angles: Co-interior angles: Co-exterior angles:
∠ 2=∠ 8 ∠ 3+∠6=180
0
∠ 1+∠8=180
0
 ∠ 1=∠7 ∠ 4 +∠ 5=180
0
∠ 2+∠7=180
0

90 THEOREMS OF LINES AND ANGLES:

Theorem 1: If two lines intersect each other than vertically opposite angles are equal.
Theorem 2: If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each part of alternate interior angles are equal.
Theorem 3: If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of alternate interior angles is equal, then the two
lines are parallel.
Theorem 4: If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of interior angles on the same side of the
same side of the transversal is supplementary.
Theorem 5: If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of interior angles on the same side of the
transversal is supplementary, then the two lines are parallel.
Theorem 6: Lines which are parallel to the same line are parallel to each other.
Theorem 7: The sum of the angles of a triangle is 1800
Theorem 8: If the side of a triangle is produced, then the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of the two
interior opposite angles.
91 Complementary angles=90 0
92 Supplementary angles=1800
93 Reflex angles=3600
94 Angle Sum Property of triangle is 1800
95 Angle Sum Property of quadrilateral is3600
96 THEOREMS ON TRIANGLES:
Theorem 1: (ASA congruence rule): Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle
and equal to two angles and the included side of other triangle.
Theorem 2: Angle opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle is equal.
Theorem 3: The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.
Theorem 4: (SSS congruence rule): If the three sides of one triangle are equal to the three sides of another triangle,
then the two triangles are congruent.
Theorem 5: (RHS congruence rule): If in two right triangles the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle are equal
to the hypotenuse and one side of the other triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
Theorem 6: If two sides of a triangle are unequal, the angle opposite to the longer side is larger (or greater).
Theorem 7: In any triangle, the side opposite to the larger (greater) angle is longer.
Theorem 8: The sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.
97 THEOREMS ON QUADRILATERALS:
 Theorem 1: A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.
Theorem 2: In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal.
Theorem 3: Is each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is equal, and then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem 4: In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.
Theorem 5: If in a quadrilateral, each pair of opposite angles is equal, then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem 6: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Theorem 7: If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem 8: A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel.
Theorem 9: The line segment joining the mid-points of two side of a triangle is parallel to the third side.
Theorem 10: The line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle, parallel to another side bisects the third
side.
98 THEOREMS ON AREAS OF PARALLELOGRAMS AND TRIANGLES:
Theorem 1: Parallelogram on the same base and between the same parallels is equal in area.
Theorem 2: Two triangles on the same base (or equal bases) and between the same parallels are equal in area.
Theorem 3: Two triangles having the same base (or equal bases) and equal areas lie between the same parallels.
Extra Theorem (Statement-1): A median of a triangle divides the triangle into two triangles of equal area.
Extra Theorem (Statement-2): If a triangle and a parallelogram lie on the same base then the and between the
same parallels, then the area of triangle is equal to half of the area of the parallelogram.
Area of equilateral triangle= √
99 3 a2
4
10
Altitude of equilateral triangle=
√3 a
0 2
10 Heron’s Formula:
1 A + B+C
Semi-perimeter=
2
Area= √ S (S−A )(S−B)(S−C )
10
2
10 Volume:
3 Volume is the measure of the amount of space inside a solid figure like a Cube, Sphere, Cone, Cylinder etc., Its unit
is always “cubic”
10 Surface areas:
4 Surface area is the total area of the faces and curved surface area of a solid figure like cube, cuboid, cylinder etc.
10 Definition of different types of quadrilaterals:
5 Trapezium:
It is a quadrilateral with one pair of opposite parallel sides.
Parallelogram:
It is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. The opposite sides are parallel and equal in length. The
opposite angles are equal is in measure.
Rectangle:
It is a rectangle with all 4 angles of equal measuring of 90 0.
Rhombus:
It is a quadrilateral with all the four sides having equal lengths. The opposite sides of a rhombus are parallel and
opposite angles are equal.
Square:
It is a quadrilateral in which all the sides and angles are equal. Every angle is a right angle.
Kite:
It is a quadrilateral that has two pairs of equal length sides and adjacent to each other.
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
9
11
0
11
1
11
2
11
3
11
4
11 Horizontal line=x-axis
5 Vertical line=y-axis
11 x-coordinate=abscissa
6 y-coordinate=ordinate
11 First quadrant (+,+)
7 Second quadrant (-,+)
Third quadrant (-,-)
Fourth quadrant (+,-)
11 Trigonometric Ratio:
8

Pythagoras theorem= AC 2= AB2 +BC 2

Sin (Sine)=The length of the side opposite the angle divided by the length of hypotenuse
opposite side AB
sin θ= =
Hypotenuse AC
cos (Cosine)=The length of the adjacent side divided by the length of the hypotenuse
Adjacent side BC
cos θ= =
Hypotenuse AC
tan(Tangent)=The length of the side opposite the angle divided by the length of the adjacent side
 Opposite side AB
tanθ= =
Adjacent side AB
Cosec (Cosecant)=The length of hypotenuse divided by the length of the side opposite the angle
1 Hypotenuse AC
cosec θ= = =
sin θ Opposite side AB
Sec(Secant)=The length of the hypotenuse divided by the length of the adjacent side
1 Hypotenuse AC
sec θ= = =
sec θ Adja cent BC
Cot (Cotangent)=It is the length of the adjacent side divided by the length of the side opposite the angle in a right
angled triangle
1 Adjacent side BC
cot θ= = =
tanθ Opposite side AB
S inθ Cosθ
Also , tanθ= , Cotθ=
Cosθ Sinθ
11 SOH,CAH,TOA
9 O
S=
H
A
C=
H
O
T=
A
12 Trigonometric ratios can be only used for Right Angled Triangle.
0
12 1 Hypotenuse
Cosec= =
1 sinθ Opposite side
1 Hypotenuse
Sec= =
Cosθ Adjacent side
1 Adjacent side
Cot= =
tanθ Opposite side
12
2
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SOME COMMON ANGLES
0 0 0 0 0
0 30 45 60 90
 Opposite side 1 1 √3
sin= Hypotenuse 0 2 √2 2
1
Adjacent side √3 1 1
cos= Hypotenuse
1 2 √2 2
0
Opposite side 1 √3
tan= Adjacent side 0 √3
1 ∞
Hypotenuse 1 √2 2
cosec= Opposite side = sinθ ∞ 2 √3
1
Hypotenuse 1 2 √2
sec= Adjacent side = cosθ 1 √3
2 ∞
Adjacent side 1 √3 1
cot= Opposite side = tanθ ∞ 1 √3
0
“∞” Infinity, “θ” Theta
12 2 2
sin θ+cos θ=1
3 2
sin θ=1−cos θ
2

2 2
cos θ=1−sin θ
2 2
12 1+cot θ=Cosec θ
4 2
1=Cosec θ−cot θ
2

2 2
cot θ=Cosec θ−1
2 2
12 1+ tan θ=Sec θ
5 2
1=Sec θ−tan θ
2

2 2
tan θ=Sec θ−1
12 Cubic Polynomial :
3 2
6 ax +bx +cx +d
α ,β ,γ
−b
α + β+ γ =
a
c
αβ + βγ +γβ =
a
 −d
αβγ=
a
12 Quadratic polynomials :
2
7 f ( x )=ax + bx+ c
−b
α + β=
a
c
αβ =
a
2
12 ax +bx +c=0
8 a=, b=, c=¿
2
D=b −4 ac
−b ± √ D
x=
2a
D= Positive Can find
D= 0 Cannot find
D= Negative Cannot Find
12
9

13 D0 Roots are not real {lesser}

0 D0 Real and distinct {grater}
D=0 Real and equal root
13 First term a
1 Common difference d
th
n term= a+(n-1)d
13 n
Sn = ×[2 a+ ( n−1 ) d]
2 2
OR
n
×[a+l]
2
13 The Fundamental Theorem Of Arithmetic:
3 Every composite number can be expressed (factorized) as a product of primes, and this factorization is unique
except for the order in which the prime factors occur.
13 Degree of a Polynomial:
4 The exponent of the highest degree term in a polynomial is known as its degree.
Constant Polynomial:
A polynomial of degree zero is called a constant polynomial.
Linear Polynomial:
A polynomial of degree of degree 1 is called a linear polynomial.
Quadratic Polynomial:
A polynomial degree 2 is called quadratic polynomial.
Cubic Polynomial:
A polynomial degree 3 is called a cubic polynomial.
Bi-Quadratic Polynomial:
A polynomial with degree 4 is called a bi-quadratic polynomial.
13 Consistent system:
5 A system of simultaneous linear equations is said to be consistent, if it has at least one solution.
In-Consistent system:
A system of simultaneous linear equations is said to be in-consistent, if it has no solution.
13 Distance Formula:
6 √(x 2−x 1 )2 +( y 2− y 1 )2
√(Difference of abscissae)2 +(Difference of ordinates)2
Section Formula:

(x= 2
mx + nx1
m+ n
, y= 2 )
my +ny 2
m+n
Centroid of the triangle:

( 3
,
3)
x 1+ x 2 + x 3 y 1 + y 2 + y 3

Mid-Point of the line segment joining a point:

( 2
, )
x 1+ x 2 y 1+ y 2
2
13 Two polygons are said to be similar to each other, if
7 1. Their corresponding angles are equal, and
2. The lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional.
13 Two triangles are said to be similar, if their
8 1. Corresponding angles are equal and,
2. Corresponding sides are proportional.
13 Basic Proportionality Theorem or Thales Theorem:
9 If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting to other two sides, then it divides the two sides in the
same ratio.
14 Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem:
0 If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line must be parallel to the third side.
14 CIRCLE THEOREMS
1 Theorem-1: A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
Theorem-2: A line drawn through the end point of a radius and perpendicular to it is a tangent to the circle.
Theorem-3: The lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
14 1
Sinθ=
2 Cosecθ
1
Cosθ=
Secθ
1
Tanθ=
Cotθ
Sinθ
Tanθ=
Cosθ
1
Cosecθ=
Sinθ
1
Secθ=
Cosϑ
1
Cotθ=
Tanθ
14 πr
2

3 Area of a semi-circle=
2
2
14 πr
4 Area of a quadrant=
4
14 If R and r are the radii of two concentric circles such that R>r then. Area enclosed by the two circles=
5 2 2 2
π R −πr = π ( R −r )
2

14 If a sector of a circle of radius r contains an angle ofθ° . Then,

6 θ πr /θ
1. Length of the arc of the sector= ∗2 ∗Circumference of the ¿˚
360 360
θ
2. Perimeter of the sector=2 r + ∗2 πr
360
2
θ r /θ
3. Area of the sector= ∗π ∗¿
360 360
14 Area of segment =
7 Area of the corresponding sector-Area of the corresponding triangle
θ
360
θ θ
(
∗π r 2−r 2 sin cos =
2
πθ
2 360
θ
2
θ
−sin cos r 2
2 )
14
8
14 Dice Probability:
9 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (2,1) (3,1) (4,1) (5,1) (6,1)
2 (1,2) (2,2) (3,2) (4,2) (5,2) (6,2)
3 (1,3) (2,3) (3,3) (4,3) (5,3) (6,3)
4 (1,4) (2,4) (3,4) (4,4) (5,4) (6,4)
5 (1,5) (2,5) (3,5) (4,5) (5,5) (6,5)
6 (1,6) (2,6) (3,6) (4,6) (5,6) (6,6)
15 Coins Probability:
0 2 Coins:
H T
H (H,H) (T,H)
T (H,T) (T,T)
4 Coins:
(H,H) (T,H) (H,T) (T,T)
H (H,H,H) (T,H,H) (H,T,H) (T,T,H)
T (H,H,T) (T,H,T) (H,T,T) (T,T,T)
15 The Mean for grouped data can be found by:
1 Σ f i xi
1. The Direct method: X̄ =
Σfi
Σf i d i
2. The Assumed mean method: X̄ =a+
Σf i
15 The Mode for grouped data can be found by using the formula:

( )
2 f 1−f 0
Mode= l+ ∗h
2 f 1 −f 0 −f 2
l=lower limit of the modal class
f =frequency of the modal class
h=width of themodal class
f 0=frequency of the class above the modal class .
f 1=frequency of the class preceding the modal class
 f 2=frequency of theclass following the modal class
15 The Median for grouped data is formed by using the formula:

( )
3 n
−cf
Median= 2
l+ ∗h
f
l=lower limit of modal class
f =frequency of the median class
h=width of themedian class
F=cumulative frequency of the class preceedingthe median class
15
4
15
5
15
6
15
7
15
8
15
9
16
0
Quadratic equation summery

Triangles summery

Circles theorem 4

Statistics