introduction to
landscape architecture
ARCH / INAR 307 – introduction to landscape architecture
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Payam MAHASTI
Assist. Prof. Dr. Nezire ÖZGECE
Landscape architecture
• The art of Design, Planning or Management of the
land, arrangement of man-made and natural
elements thereon through application of cultural and
scientific knowledge, with concern for resource
conservation and stewardship, to the end that the
resultant environment serves useful and enjoyable
purpose.
Landscape elements; soft
• trees
• shrubs (çalı)
• groundcovers (groundcover planting)
• topsoil
• mulch (kuru yaprak örtüsü)
• lawn (çim) / grass
• herbs (bitki)
Landscape elements; hard
• steps
• pedestrian ways-paths (pavement)
• timber decks & pergolas
• retaining walls
• outdoor furniture lighting
• water elements (ponds, etc.)
Importance of Landscape
• shape
• cooling by pools
• smelling nice (flowers)
• increase the value of buildings / perspective
• trees to enclose the space (bordering elements)
• focal point (attention)
• direction
• hiding view
Design elements of landscape
• COLOUR : attention
• LINE: eye movement/flow/outline
• FORM: size of object/area/plant forms
• TEXTURE: leaves, twigs,branches
• SCALE: dimension of plants/human scale
Types of Landscape
• regular shaped garden
• (formal / geometrical / axial planned)
• naturally shaped garden
• (informal / irregular)
• traditional cities → regular landscaping
• modern cities → natural landscaping
Renaissance garden
• stairs (wealthy italians had houses on the hills thus making use of
terraces and stairs in their design)
• sculpture (scattered in the gardens)
• trees (to create perspective)
• formal (regular) arrangement can be seen
Baroque garden
• symmetrical & axial layouts (trees: geometrical forms)
• polygonal / star shaped flower beds / circular & elliptic ones
• proportion
Gardens in Islamic culture
• symbolism
• climatic conditions (shading)
• symmetrical / axial / rectangular layouts
• surrounded with walls
• fruit trees
