2.2.
4 Adijacent Parts
Section lines on twO adjacent picces shouldslope at 45° in opposite d1rections If a third or fourth piece
adjoins the other pieces as in Fig. 2.3(a), thev ordinarilv are cross-hatched at 30 and 60 An alternate
use would he to vary the spacing without changing the angle. If there are two adjacent parts such as a
bush and bearing. cach part is cross-hatched in opposite directions as shown in Fig. 2.3(b) Asmaller
piteh is nomally opted for the smaller part. However. hatching pattern should be the same for separate
areas of a single object.
(a) (b)
Fig 2.3 Adjacent parts
2.2.5 Other points to be observed in sectioning
a) Show edges and contours which are now visible behind the cutting plane.
b) Omit hidden lines in section views.
c) A section-lined area is always completely bounded by a visible outline.
d) The section lines in all hatched areas for that object must be parallel.
e) Visible lines never cross section lined areas.
n Sectional views should be projected perpendicularly to the cutting plane placed according to
the rules of first and third angle.
g) To section a threaded hole, the hatching crosses the major diameter and terminates to the minor
diameter as shown in Fig. 2.4(a)
h) An assembled threaded fastener should be sectioned as shown in Fig. 2.4(b)
(b)
(a)
Fig 24
) Parts not sectioned lo improve clarity, standard parts will no he ectinn tined even though
the cutting planc passes them These starxdard parts are sotid shafts bolts and nuts, rihs and
spokes of wheels, and webs See Fig 25 Ribs and webs are used to trengthen the parts When
cutting plane passes through ribs lengthwse, cross hatching would give a misleading
mpresson about the section Therefore, cross-hatching is eliminated from the rihs and wehs
(Bs if the cutting plane was just in front of them) when the cutfing plane passes
longitudinally
through them
errt Carret
Gear
2.3 Types of section views
2.3.| Full Section
Ths ts the nonal way of cutting a section The cuting plane lies on a single plane and pases thrugh
the entire ohject Half of the object is removed to show the internal detarl The foregning erample is
full section
Fig 26 Full section
2.3.2 Half Section
This technique is used to show the exterior and interior of a symmetrncal object n a single
projection view. The cutting plane cuts halfway to the axis or center of the object Aquarter of the
object is imagined to be emoved. The resulting drawing view is ahalf outside and half section vicw
Fig 27 Half section
2.3.3 Offset Section
Ifthe mportant intcrnal features of an object are not lyng on a sngle plane, a full section may not be
abie io sthow all the details Offsct section is a techsque whicreby the cutng plane oftsets lo pass
through vanous features that would otherwise be missed by a full scction Thick hnes should be useu
al the change of d1ucction of the cuttng plane (Sce F1g 29)
SECTION X-X
Fig. 2.9 Offset section
2.3.4. Aligned Sections
When sectioning parts with angled elements, the cutting plane may be bent to pass through
those
features. The plane and features are then revolved into the original plane. The angle of revolution
should always be less than 90° for an aligned section.
RiB B
(b)
( cORRECT
Fig. 2.10 Aligned Sections
2.3.5. Revolved Section
Revolved section shows only the features on the cut plane. It is used to depict the section of an
clongated object without the need to show the entire sectional view. Instead of projecting the section
onto an adjacent view, the resulting section obtained from the cuting is revolved 90° and is placed on
the samne view.
Fig. 2.11 Revolved Section
2.3.6. Removed Seetion
Removed section is similar to revolved sectionin thalonly the cut plane is shown. However, the
secion isplaced clsewhere on the drawing. (See Fig.2. 12 )
A-A
B-B
Fig. 2.12 Removed Section
2.3.7 Broken Section Views
Abroken section is a section exposed by acut out of aportion of an object as shown in Fig. 2.13.
A brake-line is used to show the boundary between the sectioned and un-sectioned
portion of the
drawing. A cutting plane is not shown in a broken section. Broken section is used to limit the area of
interest in an object. It saves time and could substitute for full or half section.
Fig. 2.13 Broken Section
