CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW, RELEVANT RESEARCH AND

FRAMEWORK OF THINKING

A. Theoretical Review

1. Theory of Character and Moral Value

a. Definition of Character

Characters are what make stories. Without a character, there is no

story to tell, only a lot of scenery. Many characters in literature, television

series, and movies have a huge impact on people. Some people like to live

their lives through these characters, who appear to have more interesting

lives. Also, these characters may seem so real and inspirational, that

people forget they are fictional.

Characters become so important to the audience, that cities across

the country hold conventions in which people pay a lot of money to dress

and act as their favorite characters from multiple types of shows,

particularly of the comic magazine genre (type of literature).

Characters are the heart and soul of the story, the most important

elements in literature. They are of central importance for the film

experience. Characters are not only people, but also the elements of nature

such as wind, waves, grasses, waves, or even an animal. In fiction a

character may be defined as a verbal representation of a human being.

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Though action, speech, description, and commentary, authors portray

characters that are worth caring about, being empathetic with, and even

loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or

even hate.

The main function of a character in a story is to extend or prolong

the plot, make it readable and interesting. Many stories use multiple

characters, and every story has a main character that affects the plot a great

deal. The main character could be a protagonist, an antagonist, dynamic,

static, flat, or even a round character. Readers feel that the characters given

in the literary pieces exist, and they enjoy reading their real and lifelike

figures and actions.

Character is revealed by how character responds to conflict. Every

story hinges on the actions undertaken by its major character, or

protagonist, a term drawn from ancient Greek tragedy that is more useful

in discussions of fiction than such misleading term as hero or heroine.

Additionally, stories may contain an opposing character, or antagonist,

with whom the protagonist is drawn into conflict. Because of the

importance of character, there are some definitions that are suggested by

some experts.

According to Volger (2007:30), character is a very essential part of

each project. The stories will need strong and intriguing characters, in

order to get through the audience and give them ‘a window to the story’. It
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means that character should have character’s personality. The personality

mirrored in his behaviors and attitudes and the way he is interacting with

others. The personality would cross someone’s mind first if the person

would have to describe the character of a protagonist.

A set of personalities may be the first thing a writer defines about

his character because it will help him to get a first idea about his

personality. The way he should behave and what distinguishes him from

the other characters in the story. There have to be positive as well as

negative personalities because otherwise the character will most likely feel

very artificial. A combination of both positive and negative personalities

will complexity and credibility to the character and offer interesting

opportunities for conflicts within himself in a way that the character has to

fight against certain aspect of his personality in order succeed.

In line with Volger, Gill (1995: 127), stated that character is

someone in literary work has some short identity which is made up by the

appearance, conversation and possibly thoughts in their head. This

definition can mean that it is essential to evoke empathy, sympathy or

interest for character right from the start and enable audience to connect

with the character. As in the real life, first impressions are not to be

underestimated.

Meanwhile, Card (1990: 98) emphasized that characters, like

people, make good or bad first impression. When characters first show up
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in the story, we start to like them or dislike them right away. It can be said

that the bad or good impression is showed up by attitude. Attitude is one of

the most effective means to reveal character. It is attitude what

distinguishes them in one and the same situation from one another.

Depending on their attitude they will react different to conflicts, problems,

successes and triumphs. The audience’s sympathy or empathy can be

influenced by the right choice of attitudes. Characters will mostly likely

lose sympathy if they cheat whilst aiming for their goal, if they constantly

whine and complain or blame somebody else for their own mistake. The

best and most obvious way to express attitude in visual media is through

action. We see how a protagonist acts and reacts in certain situations and

get a feeling for common attitudes which distinguish him from other

characters.

The next definition is stated by Stanton (2007: 29). He pointed out

that character affects the plot. If we don’t know the plot of the story, it will

be hard to understand what the story tells us. This definition means that by

following the storyline and understanding the plot, the audience will know

the character from every attitude in each action. Characters guide readers

through their stories, allow them to understand plots and to ponder theme.

Meanwhile, concept of character is also stated by Volger (2007:

31). He emphasized that a character torn by warring allegiances to love

and duty. Some qualities and traits should be in conflict with each other.

For example, a ‘good character’ is in conflict with a ‘bad character’. At the

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same time a character who has a unique combination of contradictory

impulses, such as trust and suspicion or hope and despair, seems more

realistic and human than one who displays only one character trait. By

letting two opposed characters interact with one another it is much easier

to reveal their characteristics. Along with the invention of some patterns

and habits, tastes and preferences the personal traits of the character will

help to make him appear lifelike and unique at the same time. The

elaboration of the aspects as mentioned is also important for supporting the

ability of the audience to get emotionally with the character.

Indeed many people still get confused about the difference between

character and characterization. Is characterization has similar meaning

with character? Since character and characterization cannot be separated.

A literary device that is used step by step in literature to highlight

and explain the details about a character in a story is called

characterization. It is the act of creating and describing characters in

literature. Characterization is in the initial stage which the writer

introduces the character, giving a description of character’s physical

attributes as well as the character’s personality. Baldick (2001: 7) stated

that characterization is the representation of person in narrative and

dramatic works. This may include direct method like the attribution of

qualities in description or commentary and indirect method, inviting

readers to infer qualities from characters, actions, speeches or appearances.

This definition tells us that there are two kinds of characterization. The
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first is direct or explicit characterization. This characterization takes a

direct approach towards building the character. It uses another character,

narrator or the protagonist himself to tell the audience about the subject.

The second is indirect or implicit characterization. The audience has to

deduce for themselves the traits of the character by observing his or her

thought process, behavior, speech, act of talking, appearance and manner

of communication with other characters.

Based on the theories and definition above, it can be concluded that

character is the person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are

interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional and

emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say in the dialogue and

what they do in action.

b. Definition of Moral

According to Kant (2017: 239), moral is a system of duties, which

fall into two parts, both of which are also systems of duties. Every duty is

either duty of right or a duty of virtue. It means moral therefore consist in

nothing else than the conception of law itself, which certainly is only

possible in a rational being, in so far as this conception, and not the

expected effect, determines the will. This is a good which is already

present in the person who acts accordingly, and we have not to wait for it

to appear first in the result. So that for this there would have been no need
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of the will of a rational being; whereas it is in this alone that the supreme

and unconditional good can be found by itself which we call moral.

However, pure conception of duty and the moral law generally,

with no admixture of empirical inducements, has an influence on the

human heart so much more powerful than all other incentives which may

be derived from the empirical field that reason, in the consciousness of its

dignity, despises them and gradually becomes master over them without

them realizing by themselves. And morality becomes one of the most

important matters to think about whenever we want to do something to

someone else. Thus, all the process of how morals have a large influence

on the daily life of humans and as the framework of our actions.

Kant (2017: 241), also claimed that morality is different from

physical experience. Moral commands are universal regardless of a

person’s inclinations or physical experience. These universal commands

are a result of individual personal reason, independent of inclination and

individual personal freedom, also independent from inclinations, to choose

to act on the universal commands.

But Allison (2011: 6) stated that morality is to investigate the idea

and principles of a possible pure will, and not the actions and conditions of

human volition in general, which are the most part drawn from

psychology. It has been seen that there is nothing it is possible to think of

anywhere in the world, or indeed anything at all outside it, that can be held
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to be good without limitation, that human volition can be the apex, un-

except only of a good will or bad will. Understanding with the power of

judgement and like talents of the mind, whatever they might be called, or

courage, resoluteness, persistence in an intention, as qualities of

temperament, are without doubt in some respects good and to be wished

for; but they can also become extremely evil and harmful, and if the will

that is to make use of these gifts of nature, and whose peculiar constitution

is therefore called character, is not good. It is the same with gifts of

fortune. Power, wealth, honor, even health and that entire well-being and

contentment with one’s condition, under the name of happiness, make for

courage and thereby often also for arrogance, where there is not a good

will to correct their influence on the mind, and make them universally

purposive; not to mention that a rational impartial can never take

satisfaction even in the sight of the uninterrupted welfare of a being, if it is

adorned with no trait of a pure and good will; and so the good will appears

to constitute the indispensable condition even of the worthiness to be

happy that is why we need to take a control of what is called moral.

According to Downie (2006: 33) claimed that the first use of

‘moral’ we shall note is that in which it is synonymous with ‘ethic’. It

might also means of the term an ‘ethical judgment’ is the judgment of an

ordinary moral agent about moral right and wrong, or about what someone

morally ought or ought not to do, or about whether or not someone

behaved fairly, or about whether or not someone is a morally good person.

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In this sense we might say that a certain question is a matter of ethics,

rather than of politics. But if ‘ethic’ and ‘moral’ can be coextensive in their

areas of application there are also, secondly, uses of ‘ethic’ and ‘moral’ in

the first sense. Thus in popular speech the term moral has become

narrowed to matters of sexual behavior, whereas high-minded people who

are aware that there are problems of conduct other than sexual ones have

pre-empted the word ‘ethics’ to refer to them. In terms of this distinction

we find that the politician who tells us lies is deemed ‘unethical’, but now

days in modern era people often separate those correlations between ethics

and moral, people now days prefer to judge people by the moral of

herself/himself not use ethics anymore.

Meanwhile, according to Hare (2009: 11) moral is judgment to say

‘the attitude that it is wrong (or right) to do so and so’. It is mentioned also

in other opinions of Hare, morality as an approval, as opposed to other

sorts of approval. The only safe way of characterizing the attitude which is

expressed by a universal imperative is to state it. It means to maintain an

attitude we need to use of ‘moral approval’ towards a certain practice is to

have a disposition to think, on the appropriate occasions, that it is right; or,

if ‘think’ itself is a dispositional word, it is simply to think that it is right;

and our thinking that it is right may be betrayed or exhibited behaviorists

would say constituted by our acting in certain ways. Above all, doing acts

of the sort in question when the occasion arises; next, saying that they are
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right; applauding them in other ways, and so on. But there is in this entire

nothing to explain just what one thinks that a certain sort of act is right.

Based on the theories and opinions above, it can be concluded that

morality is concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior, the

goodness and badness of human character to understand both the

storyteller’s intentions and the underlying moral lesson.

c. Definition of Value

Values are what matter to us. They are what motivate our behavior.

They ground our judgments about what is good or bad, desirable or

undesirable. Any form of activity that involves making judgments about

what is better or worse, good or bad, high quality or low quality, right or

wrong, successful or unsuccessful, desirable or undesirable. All of these

judgments involve values in one form or another.

There are values in sports, values in art, values in social and

cultural practices, values in science, values in relationships, values in

economic transactions, religious values. Our everyday experience is

saturated with values and value judgments.

There are some definitions about value according to some experts.

Venkataiyah and Sandhya (2002: 1) stated that values are the guiding

principle of life which are conducive to all round development, they give

direction and firmness to life and bring joy, satisfaction and peace to life.

This definition makes it clear that values are type of belief that is within
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the scope of the belief system, in which one must act and avoid an action,

or about something that is inappropriate or inappropriate to be done,

owned or trusted. Appropriate here means something fit, suitable and

applicable. This statement means that value is a kind of guide line in

society, which determines a course of action. The society must follow the

appropriate action and avoid the inappropriate action to be done.

The next definition of value is emphasized by Bertens (2011: 139).

He emphasized that value is something that interest for us, something that

we look for, something that pleases, something that loves, and in short

value is something good connotation. This statement means that value

brings everything in a good sense and can give something pleasure. There

is no negative thing in value. Value is sometimes used as an abstract noun

in a narrower sense which such terms as good, desirable, or worthwhile are

properly applied. In a wider sense to cover, in addition, all kinds of

rightness, obligation, virtue, beauty, truth and holiness. Value is also used

like temperature to cover the whole range of a scale; plus, minus or

indifferent. What is on the plus side is then called positive value and what

is on the minus side is negative value.

Meanwhile Aspim and Chapman (2007: 14) stated that value is

batch of ideas, conventions, principles, rules, objectives, products,

activities, practices, procedures, or judgment that people accept, agree to,

prefer, incline towards, see as important, and indeed act upon. Value refers

to what is valued or judged to have value, thought to be good, or desired.

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Such phrases are also used to refer to what people think is right or

obligatory, even to whatever they believe to be true. Behind this

widespread usage lies to convert assumption that nothing really has

objective value, that value means being valued and good means being

though good. But the term value is also to mean distinguishes two senses

of value. It can be meant either to prize, like, esteem, cherish, or hold dear.

Or to apprize, estimates, evaluates, or valuate. The terms value and

valuation are used in our contemporary culture, not only in economics and

philosophy but also in other social science and humanities, that value is a

relative worth, utility, or importance, liking or regard for person or thing.

Value may sometime suggest an evaluation made from an individual or

specific point of view or in individual or social situation.

d. Definition of Moral Value

Many people have tried to give the limitation of what moral value

is and they had different opinion about the moral value itself depending of

their point of view. Some people say that moral values are as set of

principles which help us evaluate what is good and bad and it help us in

becoming a good human being. They can come from the self, family,

community, religion, government or any other entity that influence the

thoughts of the individual. These values involve lot of actors like morality,

respecting others, helping others, etc. The standard of the moral value is

different between one community to others. Here are some opinions of

what morality is according to experts.

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Sheng (2008: 11) emphasized that moral value is a kind of non-

material value, because the object itself has its own moral value, such as

moral action, moral principles and feeling of moral satisfaction, is an

abstract object instead of a physical object. Broadly speaking, human

values can be categories as either material values or spiritual values.

Material values focus totally on things like food, shelter and money. This

definition can be meant that moral value here is spiritual values, which

refer values of trueness, goodness, and beauty arising from intellect

emotion and will.

Hatman (2009: xxi) stated that moral value is first and foremost a

detailed and profound phenomenological description of values, and moral

in particular. It means that moral value is a primary value and if we want

to make description about if we have provide a very specific, detailed,

profound and extraordinary explanation, especially when we want to give

and explain and describe of the moral values. This statement means that

every value will get quality if it has relation with other values. For

example, honesty is an example of moral value, this value has no meaning

if it does not be applied with other values. Loyalty is moral value, but it

must be applied with other values. Humanity, for example, can be found in

the love of husband and wife. When moral value is related with

responsibility, it is related to human personality, but beside moral value we

also automatically can say other values. Moral value makes people wrong

or not only because of his or her responsibility.

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Moral values which are related with pure heart, have persuasive

power, and it should be practiced. For example, aesthetic value could be

practiced by playing a music composition. After that the result of it, if it is

a painting it needs to be showed, and if it is music, it need to be listened to.

To make moral value a reality, it can be appealed to from a pure heart. One

of the special characteristics of moral values is that this value will effect

voice of pure heart. Moral value should not stand alone without other

value. Although moral value is the main value that we must appreciate, but

it is aligned with other values. Moral values are not separate with other

values. For example, a seller applies moral values all at once with apply

economic values. Moral values are nothing without other values. It is form

of formality.

Another concept of moral value is stated by George and Uyanga

(2014: 41) emphasized that moral values are essential values that

determine individual’s perception of morality and moral consciousness in

society. Moral values can be learned by all people, everyone can get the

moral value from his environment, when they interact with their friends in

society. This is universal values. Universal values include peace, freedom,

social progress, equal rights, human dignity. In fact there are many values

fond in people that can be learnt actually, such as: love and affection,

honesty, responsibility, perseverance, integrity, harmony, patience,

bravery, justice, simplicity, peaceful etc. These moral values are the values

that are related to an individual’s character to confirm what is right and

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wrong. This individual character can bring the societies to the universal

values.

Based on the theories and definitions above it can be concluded

that moral values are the standards of good and evil, which govern an

individual’s behaviour and choices.

e. Kinds of Moral Value

Kinner et.al (2009: 9) stated that there are some basic moral values.

They are: (1) Commitment to something greater than one self. It means

that as human beings we have to recognize the existence and be commited

to a supreme being, a higher principle and transcendent purpose or

meaning to one’s existence. (2) Self-respect but with humility, self-

discipline, and acceptance of personal responsibility. It explains that every

individual has to care for and respect oneself, to not exit oneself or

overindulge, to act in accordance with one’ conscience or to accept

responsibility for one’s behavior. (3) Respect and caring for others. It

means that we have to recognize the connectedness among all people and

to serve human kinds and to be helpful to individuals. (4) Caring for other

living things and environment. It means that every individual has to care

for other creatures such as animals, plants, and etc. and much concerned

with environment where the individual lives.

According to Kaludevoric, there are four kinds of moral value.

They are: (1) Justice. It is connected to an idea that every athlete has equal

intrinsic value and the same dignity. (2) Honesty. It means that every
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athlete can be trustworthy and be honest in his or her dealing with others

including competitors during the play. (3) Responsibility. It refers to an

idea that every athlete is responsible for his or her acting. (4) Beneficence.

It is a state of not doing harm, preventing harm, and removing harm.

2. Theory of Film

a. Definition of Literature

Etymologically, the Latin word-literatural is derived from-litera‖

(letter), which is the smallest element of alphabetical writing. Mario Klarer

(2004) stated that it is more enlightening to look at literature or text as

cultural and historical phenomena and to investigate the conditions of their

production and reception. In most cases literature is referred to as the

entirely of written expression. With the restriction that every written

document can be categorized as literature in the more exact sense of the

world. It is a fact that literature is a creation of humankind that has

aesthetics and artistic sides. In the past, the form of literature was usually

conveyed orally, such as epic stories. In further progress, literature was

made in written form and then it was visualized as in drama. Later, epic

stories, written literature and drama are known as genre of literature.

Further, there are three major literary genres; they are fiction that consists

of novel and short story. Drama that consists of comedy and tragedy and

the last is poetry. These three genres literature are applicable until now.
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Furthermore, Boulton (in Ade and Okuneye, 2008: 2) emphasized

literature from a functional perspective as the imaginative work that gave

the R’s: recreation, recognition, revelation, and redemption. This statement

allows people to take literature as their way to have recreation by enjoying

as much literature as they like. Or they can write literature to have some

kind of recognition. People also allow to reveal as well as to redeem

themselves by writing literature.

Meanwhile, Robson (2001: 1) stated that literature means the entire

written document of a community. This theory says that the entire written

documents which are created, such as novel, short story or poetry is

regarded as literature.

Another definition of literature is stated by Rees (in Ade and

Okuneye 2008: 2). He stated that literature is a permanent expression in

words of some thoughts or feelings and ideas in the form of prose,

poetries, dramas, short stories or novels. This thoughts, feelings, and ideas

are expressed by its author sometimes based on what had happened to his

life, or to his family. This kind of writing is in contrast to newspaper, or

science books, or politic report.

Based on the definitions and theories above it can be concluded

that literature is a social institution which society aspiration expressed by

the author their literary works.

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b. Definition of Fiction

Fiction is one of the two branches of literature. People in general

enjoy watching film in television or in theatre, read novel or poem. Human

beings need entertainment to refresh their mind from all day work.

Fiction is a general term used to describe an imaginative work of

prose, either a novel, short story or novella being untrue. Fiction is based

on made-up and fabricated stories and characters. It is also can be said that

fiction is a belief or statement that is false, but it is often held to be true

because it is expedient to do so. Fiction is not real. For example, a fiction

film might take place on a made-up planet, big wars among planets and

stars, or it has fantasy elements that don’t exist in the real world, like

happened in the film Star Wars and Avengers. The story narrates various

incredible experiences of the main character. Another good example of

fiction is Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carol. The story narrates various

adventure of the main character Alice, in a fictitious land full of incredible

creatures and events, Alice has go through certain magical experiences in

the wonderland, in the world that has never existed.

These explanations and examples are in line with what Dong Gu

(2006: 46) stated that “fiction as literature genre is a kind of prose

narrative about actions and events that may not necessarily have prior

temporal existence but are nevertheless true to be the low of probability in

life. It is intentionally created not primarily for the transmission of

information but for the sake of entertainment and aesthetic appreciation”.

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Meanwhile, Mazzeo (2012: 7) emphasized that fiction is a written

work based on the writer’s imagination. It brings the meaning that

everything which is written based on a writer’s imagination, not real, and

cannot be found in the real world can be classified as a fictional work. This

means that fiction refers to literature created from the human imagination.

Mysteries, science fiction, romance, fantasy, chick lit, crime thrillers are

all fiction genres.

From the definition above it can be concluded that fiction is a

made-up and fabricated story based on the human imagination, and it does

not happen in the real world.

c. Definition of Nonfiction

What about nonfiction? What is the difference between fiction and

nonfiction? Some people may define that nonfiction has something to do

with the real life. Nonfiction is the opposite of fiction. When fiction talks

about something unreal, only human imagination, something that we

cannot find in the real daily activities, the nonfiction talks about something

real, happened in the real life. It is not human imagination. The fictional

literature is imagined, fabricated, and not real. Nonfiction refers to

literature based in fact. Nonfiction comprises books and videos in many

categories including biography, business, cooking, health and fitness, craft,

home decorating, language, travel, religion, art, music, and many others. In

short, something real and can be proven in reality. Something that human

beings do in their daily activities. To avoid misunderstanding about fiction

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and nonfiction, it is better for us to know the definitions of nonfiction

according to some experts.

Perl and Schwarts (2006: 2) stated that nonfiction means

journalism, business writing, academic scholarship and car manuals.

Nonfiction is a kind of work writing that has something to do with the

journalistic works, business letters, academic writing, scientific books,

manuals and many others related to the real world.

Meanwhile Mazzeo stated that nonfiction is writing that is true to

facts and history. This statement means that nonfiction is something

happened in the real daily life. It concerns with news, email, weather

forecast, student report and many others.

Schagen (2009: 3) stated that as all art forms, nonfiction is merely

as representation of reality, and not reality itself. It means that nonfiction

only tries to represent or depict that reality of live not that reality itself.

Nonfiction refers to literature based on fact. It is the broadest category of

literature.

Based on the definition above, it can be concluded that nonfiction

is part of literature that is representation of reality and true to the fact.

d. Definition of Film

Movie/film is one kind of the most popular entertainment media. It

is a mirror, which reflects all the respect of human society, including the

material world and the spiritual world as well. Movie or film is so

important that it has become the first arts of the human world.
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According to Marcel Danesi (2010) film is a text that contains a

series of photographic images which results in the illusion of motion and

action in real life. A film, also called a movie, is the motion picture that

tells a story, like in television or cinema. It is produced by recording

photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation

techniques or visual effects.

Movie offers a special language of projected moving image with

sound a language which incorporates the characteristics of the graphic,

plastic, spatial and narrative arts. It is finally becoming accepted in

educational circles an established art from suitable for study analysis,

research in institution of higher learning. Movie or film study encompasses

the examination of the motion picture as a medium of communication,

entertainment and artistic expression.

Michael Rabiger (2009: 24) also stated that every film is

interesting and entertaining, and makes the audience think. Every existing

work is unique and interesting so that there are many ways that can be

used in a documentary to convey ideas about the real world. Film is

considered to be an important art form a source of popular entertainment

and powerful method for educating or indoctrinating and also a tool of

communication among citizens. The visual elements of cinema give

motion picture a universal power of communication.

Mario Klarer (2010: 38) emphasized that film is predetermined by

literary techniques; conversely, literary practice developed particular

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features under the impact of film. Many of the dramatic forms in the

twentieth century.

Films are mostly adapted from real story in the world and others

are adapted from books or novels. Most people use movies in

entertainment, critics, advertisement, and education. Films will give us a

message such as moral, motivation, faith, science, etc. In the developing

era for example, moral degradation happened because of the influences of

bad culture like free sex, alcohol, crime, marriage by accident, suicide,

abortion and so on. These matters also can be seen through a film.

Based on the theories above it can be concluded that film is a mass

media entertainment and by its audio-visual power it can give an effect to

the emotion or feeling of the viewer who watch it.

3. Relevant Research

The relevant researches are used to be outwarding and knowledge

for the writer. The first example of relevant research was done by Ely Nur

Rohyani, student of State Institute for Islamic Studies (STAIN) Salatiga.

The research entitle is The analysis of moral values of Danny Boyle’s

movie entitled “Slumdog Millionaire”. The result of her research is that

there are some moral values in this movie. The moral values are: believe in

God, love and belonging, feeling sorry and apologizing, never giving up,

humanity and hard-work. In this thesis the writer used film as her object

research.
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The similarity of Ely Nur Rohyani’s thesis and this thesis is that

both are concerned with moral values conveyed in the story of the film and

the need to analyze them. The method used in this two thesis is qualitative

method. The aim of both thesis are almost the same, to find out and to

analyze moral values in the film.

The difference of Ely’s thesis and this thesis is that the writer of

this thesis analyzes the characters in the film but Ely’s thesis is not

concerned with the character in the film she analyzed.

The second relevant research is conducted by Faisal from State

Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah entitled Analysis of Main

Character on Bruce Almighty movie viewed from Personality Traits

Theory by Costa and McCrae. The method he used when he conducted the

research was descriptive qualitative one. The purpose of his research is to

establish the character and characterization of Bruce Nolan as main

character by analyzing the evidence from the dialogues and his actions in

the film. The result of his research is the character, Bruce Nolan, has a

dynamic and round character. He has much bad characterization than

positive ones.

The similarity between this thesis and Faisal’s is that both of these

thesis are try to reveal and much concerned with aspect of character

conveyed and delivered in the film. The method used in both thesis are

also the same. Both of the writer used descriptive qualitative method.
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The difference of Faisal’s thesis and this thesis is the purpose of his

thesis is to only analyze Bruce Nolan character and characterization while

this thesis aims to analyze some characters in the film. Beside that Faisal’s

thesis doesn’t analyze moral value of character as in this thesis.

The third relevant research is conducted by Ahmad Hadil Amin

from State Islamic Studies Institute, entitled The Analysis of Moral Values

on the “War Horse” Movie. The method he used when he conducted the

research was the qualitative one. The purpose of the research is to find out

the moral values in the film and to find the use of watching movies

towards English teaching. The result of the research is there are moral

values in the film, they are: love and affection, loyalty, peace-loving,

perseverance, bravery, enthusiasm, honesty, kind-hearted, self-confidence

and strong-belief.

The similarity of Ahmad Hadil Amin’s thesis and this thesis is both

of these thesis try to reveal and are much concerned with aspect of moral

values in the story of both of the art work. The method used in the thesis

are also the same, they used descriptive qualitative method. The aim of his

thesis and this thesis is almost the same, to find out and analyze moral

values aspect in both of art work. The writer of this thesis and Hadil’s

thesis used film as their object of the research.

The difference of Ahmad Amin’s thesis and this thesis is that this

thesis presented the analysis of character while Hadil’s thesis doesn’t

present character in his thesis.

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4. Framework of Thinking

Based on the theories above, the purposes of this research are to find

out the character and moral value in the film entitle “A League of Their

Own” film by Penny Marshall.

1. Characters

Character is a very important part and has a role that cannot be

considered trivial in a literary work such as movies, novels, short stories or

poem. Character is a central concern, the idea, or the artist’s point of view

on the subject matter which often deals with the possibility of change in

human existence and what accounts for that change if it occurs and it is

also the element of film that it structured and gives a film unity. It is

impossible if there is no character in the work of art. It does not matter

whether the literary work is categorized as a good literary work or a bad

one. But in essence, every literary work must have character.

The character found in the film A League of Their Own is a focus

on how the main character tries to be truly shown and conveyed through

the film in accordance with the contents of the film and also associated

with other elements such as setting, theme, plot and so forth.

2. Moral Values
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Morality is conformity to the moral code of the social group. To

act in a moral way means, thus, to act in conformity to group standards of

conduct.

Value means the worth of the thing. Value in the singular is sometimes

used as an abstract noun. In a narrower sense to cover that to which such

terms as “good” or “worthwhile” are properly applied and in the wider

sense to cover, in addition all kinds of rightness, obligation, virtue, beauty,

truth, and holiness.

Moral value in literature work is usually meant as a suggestion relating

to certain moral teachings of a practical nature, which can be taken (and

interpreted), through the story in question. It is an indication that had been

given by the author about the various things associated with life issues

such as attitude, behavior, and manners in intercommunication.

Moral value is a term in logic that a principle or action or character of

human is true or false, right or wrong and good or bad. Moral values

concern with the view of the goodness or badness of human action and

character. Moral value in literature work can be seen as mandate message.

Even, actually message unsure is constituted as an idea that underlies the

creation of literature work as a supporting message. It based on the

consideration that the moral value which was delivered by fiction has

different effects than by nonfiction.

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Film is a work of art as well as audio visual media, means of

communication to the audiences which has its own power created by

combining all elements or aspects in it to build a story created within

different social, historical and cultural context.

“A League of Their Own” movie is based on the true story of the All-

American Girls Professional Baseball League, “League” moves briskly

through the introduction of rival sisters Dottie (Geena Davis) and Kit (Lori

Petty) to tryouts for the first-ever women’s professional baseball league. A

League of Their Own is a good movie, with a great cast and a

heartwarming. It is also has strong messages of teamwork and compassion.