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They considered the earth to be an ellipsoid in which the major
diameter is along the equatorial axis and the minor diameter along
the polar axis
a. Cartographers a. Cartographers
b. Geographers
c. Mapmakers
d. Voyagers
The difference between the Equatorial axis î major diameter î and
Polar axis î minor diameter î is:
a. 41.452 km
b. 42.452 km
c. 43.452 km
d. 44.452 km
Equatorial semi-axis î a î of Clarke 1866:
a. 6 , 378 , 205 m
b. 6 , 379 , 206 m d. 6 , 378 , 206 m
c. 6 , 379 , 205 m
d. 6 , 378 , 206 m
Polar semi-axis î b î of Clarke 1866:
a. 6 , 356 , 584 m
b. 6 , 355 , 583 m a. 6 , 356 , 584 m
c. 6 , 356 , 583 m
d. 6 , 355 , 584 m
Flattening î f î of Clarke 1866:
a. 1 / 293.0
b. 1 / 294.0 c. 1 / 295.0
c. 1 / 295.0
d. 1 / 296.0
Equatorial semi-axis î a î of WGS 84:
a. 6 , 379 , 137 m
b. 6 , 378 , 138 m c. 6 , 378 , 137 m
c. 6 , 378 , 137 m
d. 6 , 379 , 138 m
Polar semi-axis î b î of WGS 84:
a. 6 , 355 , 753.3142 m
b. 6 , 356 , 752.3142 m b. 6 , 356 , 752.3142 m
c. 6 , 355 , 752.3142 m
d. 6 , 356 , 753.3142 m
Flattening î f î of WGS 84:
a. 1 / 296.257223563
b. 1 / 297.257223563 c. 1 / 298.257223563
c. 1 / 298.257223563
d. 1 / 299.257223563
It is a systematic drawing to scale on a plane surface of lines
representing the parallels and meridians of the earth for the whole
earth or for some portion of it:
a. Cartography d. Map projection
b. Scaling
c. Mapping
d. Map projection
When the axis of the projection surface coincides with that of the
sphere it is termed a:
a. Cylindrical projection
c. Normal Projection
b. Mercator projection
c. Normal projection
d. Transverse projection
When the axis of the projection surface is perpendicular with that
of the sphere it is termed a
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CARTOGRAPHY: HS by LP ( Map projection )
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a. Cylindrical projection
b. Mercator projection
d. Transverse projection
c. Oblique projection
d. Transverse projection
What projection when the axis of the projection surface points to
an arbitrary direction.
a. Cylindrical projection
c. Oblique projection
b. Mercator projection
c. Oblique projection
d. Transverse projection
On this type of projection, small land features retain their true
shapes but the shapes of large geographic features such as
continents will be distorted. The scale at any point will be the same
in all directions; however, the scale of the map is not constant and
will change from point to point b. Conformality or Conformal map projection
a. Azimuthality or Azimuthal map projection
b. Conformality or Conformal map projection
c. Equal-area or Equivalent map projection
d. Equi-distance or Equidistant map projection
In this projection, the shape of the feature is sacrificed in order to
have the area of the feature at the scale of the map comparable to
its area on the earth also areas on the map should give the same
ratios to each other as the corresponding areas on the earth's
surface. c. Equal-area or Equivalent map projection
a. Azimuthality or Azimuthal map projection
b. Cylindrical map projection
c. Equal-area or Equivalent map projection
d. Equi-distance or Equidistant map projection
A type of projection in which the distances between points on the
surface of the earth and on the map should be comparable
a. Azimuthality or Azimuthal map projection
d. Equi-distance or Equidistant map projection
b. Cylindrical map projection
c. Plane map projection
d. Equi-distance or Equidistant map projection
A type of projection on one on which the directions of all lines
radiating from the center of the map have the same direction as
the corresponding lines on the earth's surface.
a. Azimuthality or Azimuthal map projection a. Azimuthality or Azimuthal map projection
b. Cylindrical map projection
c. Plane map projection
d. Polyconic projection
Directions measured on the map should be _______ directions
a. Azimuthal
b. Parallel c. True
c. True
d. Orthogonal
Great circle should appear on the map as:
a. Arcs
b. Curved Lines d. Straight Lines
c. Geodesics
d. Straight Lines
A great circle line on the Earth's surface is called
a. Great Circle Route
b. Loxodrome or Rhumb line b. Loxodrome or Rhumb line
c. Meridian
d. Orthodrome
It is the shortest distance between points on the earth's surface
which crosses successive meridians at different angles; thus its
azimuth varies from point to point and it is important for air and
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water navigation as well as in radio broadcasting.
a. Great Circle Route
b. Loxodrome or Rhumb line d. Orthodrome
c. Meridian
d. Orthodrome
The line of constant compass direction is called
a. Great Circle Route
b. Loxodrome or Rhumb line b. Loxodrome or Rhumb line
c. Meridian
d. Orthodrome
__________ are best utilized when showing directions and the
distribution of certain types of information such as vegetation relief
and political subdivisions
a. Globes a. Globes
b. Globe gores
c. Map
d. Sketch
____________ are crescent shape pieces of paper which are wet
and stretched to conform to the spherical base of a globe
a. Cartographic Segments
b. Gores
c. Projection Sheets
d. Spheroidal Templates
__________ will show for everyday of the year the position upon
which the sun shines vertically when the local time is 12 noon. It
is an 8-shaped figure and usually printed on most globes.
a. Analemma a. Analemma
b. Sun Chart
c. Sun Compass
d. Sun Dial
It is also known as Equirectangular projection and one of the
simplest projections composed of an evenly spaced network of
horizontal parallels and vertical meridians.
a. Azimuthal projection b. Cylindrical projection
b. Cylindrical projection
c. Gall projection
d. Mercator projection
The concept of this projection considers the ellipsoid of the earth
to be projected onto a cylinder which is circumscribed about a
sphere and tangent along the equator
a. Cylindrical projection a. Cylindrical projection
b. Conformal projection
c. Conic projection
d. Mercator projection
In this type of projection, the meridians are all equally spaced
parallel lines with spacing proportional to their true spacing on the
equator. The parallels are also straight lines which are perpendic-
ular to the meridians and the scale is through on all meridians and
on the central parallel. c. Cylindrical projection
a. Azimuthal projection
b. Conformal projection
c. Cylindrical projection
d. Mercator projection
In this projection the scale is enormously exaggerated towards the
pole
a. Azimuthal projection
b. Cylindrical projection
b. Cylindrical projection
c. Transverse Mercator projection
d. Mercator projection
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Maps derived by the cylindrical projection are not __________ nor
_____________
a. Azimuthality , Conformal
d. Conformal , Equal-area
b. Conformal , Equidistance
c. Equal-area , Equidistance
d. Conformal , Equal-area
This is the only projection in which all loxodromes are shown as
straight lines and it is for the reason that most nautical charts are
made in this projection.
a. Azimuthal projection c. Cylindrical projection
b. Conic projection
c. Cylindrical projection
d. Transverse Mercator projection
Which of the following are NOT an example of Cylindrical projec-
tions:
a. Gall projection, Miller projection
c. Gnomonic projection, Azimuthal projection
b. Mercator projection, Transverse Mercator projection
c. Gnomonic projection, Azimuthal projection
d. Perspective Cylindrical projection, Oblique Mercator projection
One of the most famous and wildly used projection which is
used as a world map design for navigation. It is not advisable to
carry this projection beyond 70½ latitude because of the great
distortion. This type of projection is of little used for purposes other
than navigation. c. Mercator projections
a. Conical projections
b. Gnomonic projections
c. Mercator projections
d. Polyconic projections
A type of projection which is derived from a cylinder cutting the
sphere at the 45½ N and 45½ S parallels or the standard parallels
of the projections. It shows parallels which are projected from the
antipodal point on the equator to any meridian. This projection
is neither Equal-area nor Conformal and the resulting scale is
not constant. Maps which are made by this projection are useful
a. Gall projections
for showing the distribution of climatic, economic, and population
data.
a. Gall projections
b. Gnomonic projections
c. Miller projections
d. Polyconic projections
This projection resembles the Mercator projection but shows less
exaggeration of area in the higher latitudes. This projection is
neither Equal-area nor Conformal and it is widely used in atlases
for climatic maps to portray temperatures and barometric pressure
distributions, as well as wind flow directions and velocities. c. Miller projections
a. Azimuthal projections
b. Gnomonic projections
c. Miller projections
d. Polyconic projections
Projections derived from a tangent or secant cone that can be
developed. In this type of projection the meridians are shown as
straight lines radiating from a point representing the pole. These
are suitable for mapping geographical features which are located
in the middle latitudes a. Conical projections
a. Conical projections
b. Gall projections
c. Gnomonic projections
d. Polyconic projections
Which of the following are NOT an example of Conical projections:
a. Albers Equal-area projection, Bonne projection
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b. Stereographic projection, Gnomonic projection
c. Lambert Conformal projection b. Stereographic projection, Gnomonic projection
d. Perspective Conic projection, Polyconic projection
A projection which consists of a series of cones with there apexes
all on the extension of the Earth's polar axis are placed over
the sphere. The equator appears as a horizontal line and the
poles are points at their correct surface distance from the equator.
This is neither Conformal nor Equal-area. This is not suitable for
large-scale maps. It is particularly ideal for portraying countries
d. Polyconic projection
which extend in a North-South direction such as the Philippines,
Chile, Finland, Sweden, and Argentina
a. Cylindrical projection
b. Gnomonic projection
c. Mercator projection
d. Polyconic projection
In this projection, the meridians are all curved except the central
meridian and they intersect the parallels nearly at right angles. It
has an equal area and shapes of geographical features near the
central meridian are accurately portrayed. It is commonly used for
countries in the middle latitude such as the continents of Asia,
b. Bonne projection
North and South America and Europe.
a. Albers Equal-area projection
b. Bonne projection
c. Lambert or Lambert Conformal Conic projection
d. Polyconic projection
A type of projection which is a conic based upon 2 parallels where
the cone cuts through the sphere at 2 chosen standard parallels.
This projection is commonly used in portraying areas running
predominantly in an East-West direction as in the case of the US,
China, Turkey and Iran: d. Lambert map projection
a. Bonne map projection
b. Homolosine map projection
c. Laborde map projection
d. Lambert map projection
It is one on which the directions of all lines are radiating from the
center of the map have the same direction as the corresponding
lines on the surface of the earth and it is constructed by projecting
a portion of the earth onto a plane from some eye point.
a. Azimuthal projections
a. Azimuthal projections
b. Gnomonic projections
c. Orthographic projections
d. Stereographic projections
In this projection, great circles drawn through any point on the
map and the map center are straight line with through azimuth
this particular feature makes the projection very suitable for maps
used in air and water navigation. It is mostly usefully employed
when preparing maps of the Polar regions. a. Azimuthal projections
a. Azimuthal projections
b. Eckert projections
c. Mollweide projections
d. Sinusoidal projections
All azimuthal projections of the following in common except:
a. Great circle passing through the center of projection appearing
as radiating straight lines of true direction
b. Points that are equally distant from the center of projection on
d. None of these
the sphere are equally distant on the map
c. The distortion is equal for all places that are equally distant from
the center and the center is distortion-free
d. None of these
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CARTOGRAPHY: HS by LP ( Map projection )
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One of the limitation of azimuthal projection is that:
a. It has only one hemisphere can be portrayed at a time
b. It preserves shapes and distances accurately across the map.
c. It is suitable for mapping regions with extreme longitudinal a. It has only one hemisphere can be portrayed at a time
extents.
d. It is equally effective for portraying both hemispheres simulta-
neously.
Which of the following are NOT an example of Azimuthal projec-
tions:
a. Azimuthal Equidistant projection, Azimuthal Equal-area projec-
tion c. Mollweide projections , Sinusoidal projections
b. Stereographic projection, Polar Stereographic projection
c. Mollweide projections , Sinusoidal projections
d. Orthographic projection, Gnomonic projection
This projection has a unique quality in which any circle drawn
on the sphere will also show as a circle on the map accepting
those which pass through the center which are simply straight line
diameters.
d. Stereographic projection
a. Bonne projection
b. Homolosine projection
c. Laborde projection
d. Stereographic projection
In this type of projection, the plane of projection may be positioned
tangent to the sphere at any point. The station point is taken to
be at a point on the surface of the sphere directly opposite the
point of tangency. The parallels and meridians in this projection
are arcs of a circle which makes the projection relatively easy to
draw. Great circles passing through the center of the projection
d. Stereographic projection
are represented by straight lines and may be considered as arcs
of a circle whose radii are of infinite length.
a. Azimuthal equidistant projection
b. Gnomonic projection
c. Mercator projection
d. Stereographic projection
This projection is composed of straight lines of arcs of smaller
circles only a compass and a straight edge are needed to draw this
projection when centered on a pole this projection is well suited
for preparing navigational charts in very high latitudes.
d. Stereographic projection
a. Gnomonic projection
b. Mercator projection
c. Orthographic projection
d. Stereographic projection
It is a projection that may be considered as a view of the sphere
as it would appear from infinity and it is projected upon a plane
with parallel lines. Also in this type of projection, the radial scale
decreases rapidly toward the edge of the map and only the cen-
trally located area of the projection are true to scale. c. Orthographic map projection
a. Bonne map projection
b. Laborde map projection
c. Orthographic map projection
d. Stereographic map projection
It is a type of projection and may be considered a perspective
projection upon a plane tangent to the sphere at some point. In
this type of projection, the eye point is at the center of the sphere
from which projection lines are drawn. Maps portrayed by this
projection are used for Navigation by trans-polar or trans-oceanic b. Gnomonic projection
routes. They are also used for radio and seismic work because
the waves in more or less great-circle directions
a. Cylindrical projection
b. Gnomonic projection
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c. Mercator projection
d. Polyconic projection
In a Polar Gnomonic projection, the plane of projection is tangent
to one of the
a. Equator
c. Poles
b. Prime Meridian
c. Poles
d. Parallels
It is sometimes referred to as the Janson-Flamsteed projection
and in this projection, the central meridian is shown as a vertical
line while the other meridians appear as sine curves.
a. Compromise projection c. Sinusoidal projection
b. Mollweide projection
c. Sinusoidal projection
d. Universal Transverse Mercator projection
This projection is particularly suitable for maps on the equatorial
regions suhc as South America, Africa and for smaller countries
extending in a North-South direction at high latitudes. This pro-
jection is also frequently used in atlases to portray continental
features d. Sinusoidal projection
a. Eckert projection
b. Goode Interrupted Homolosine projection
c. Mollweide projection
d. Sinusoidal projection
This projection, which is sometimes called the Babinet Equal-area
projection, is reputed to be the most well-known elliptical projec-
tion of the Earth. The central meridian is drawn straight and at
a half the length of the equator while all the other meridians are
curved. b. Mollweide Homolographic projection
a. Compromise projection
b. Mollweide Homolographic projection
c. Sinusoidal projection
d. Universal Transverse Mercator projection
Atlases and books on economic geography make use of this pro-
jection to illustrate the relation of areas to the various distributions
such as population, vegetation, rainfall, and diseases.
a. Lambert Conformal projection c. Mollweide Homolographic projection
b. Polyconic projection
c. Mollweide Homolographic projection
d. Mercator projection
In this type of projection, the continental land masses and oceans
are portrayed separately on either side of a single equator. A
central meridian is chosen and the projection around the meridian
is duplicated as far to each side as is necessary. Maps prepared
in this type of projection enables map users to study and compare
the distribution of climates population natural resources and other b. Goode Interrupted Homolosine projection
world relationships.
a. Eckert projection
b. Goode Interrupted Homolosine projection
c. Hammer-Aitoff projection
d. Heterohedral projection
Of the numerous equivalent projection this is the best known
projection. It is similar to Sinusoidal and Mollweide except that
the pole is represented by a line half the length of the equator
instead of by a point. This projection is commonly used in at-
lases to portray varied statistical information such as population, a. Eckert projection
administrative and political structure, physical environment, and
geography.
a. Eckert projection
b. Fuller projection
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c. Hammer-Aitoff projection
d. Heterohedral projection
This is another portrayal of an elliptical projection of the Earth. In
appearance, it is very similar to the Mollweide projection except
for the curve parallels. It is an equal-area projection which can
portray a realistic map of the world. Maps shown in this projec-
tion are ideally suited for the portrayal of the worldwide physical
geography, varied physical and cultural distribution, and a host of c. Hammer-Aitoff projection
statistical information
a. Cahill Butterfly projection
b. Fuller projection
c. Hammer-Aitoff projection
d. Heterohedral projection
In this projection, the earth is projected upon a system of geomet-
ric figures such as triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagon, and
cubes.
a. Cahill Butterfly projection c. Heterohedral projection
b. Fuller projection
c. Heterohedral projection
d. Star projection
It is an example of a Heterohedral projection. It has only 4 lunes
which are cut in half to form 8 curvilinear triangles. Each of the
octants portrays up to 90½ of latitude and 90½ of longitude.
Although it is a uniquely portrayed map it is nearly true to shape
and gives sufficiently accurate scales, aside from being equal
a. Cahill Butterfly projection
area.
a. Cahill Butterfly projection
b. Fuller projection
c. Robinson projection
d. Star projection
It is a type of Heterohedral projection in which the northern hemi-
sphere is shown in a polar projection with the southern continents
added to it. Most maps made by this are usually centered on the
north pole or on the center of the land hemisphere which is located
near Nantes, France d. Star projection
a. Axonometric projection
b. Fuller projection
c. Robinson projection
d. Star projection
This projection portrays the earth as a flat-sided solid. It is in the
shape of a cube with the corners cut off so that it forms 6 squares
and 8 equilateral triangles. The major disadvantage of this type of
projection is that there is a wide variation of scale on the different
parts of the map b. Fuller projection
a. Axonometric projection
b. Fuller projection
c. Parallel projection
d. Robinson projection
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