Exp.

No: 2 A FUNCTIONS

AIM: Data on the strength of different materials tested in a laboratory and tabulated below.

Material Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5

Steel 450 480 430 460 470

Aluminum 320 310 330 300 340

Copper 250 260 240 270 230

Bronze 800 780 750 770 765

i. Calculate the total strength of each material by summing up the test results.

ii. Find the average strength of each material.

iii. Count the number of tests conducted for each material.

iv. Identify the maximum strength of each material.

v. Determine the minimum strength of each material.

THEORY: In Microsoft Excel, functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations or other specific
tasks. These functions can simplify complex operations and save time by allowing you to perform common
calculations without having to write extensive formulas. Here's an in-detail explanation of some key aspects of
Excel functions:

1. Syntax of Functions:

o Function Name: Each function has a specific name (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE, VLOOKUP).

o Arguments: These are the values, cell references, or ranges that a function uses to perform its
operation. Functions can have multiple arguments.

2. Common Categories of Functions:

o Math and Trigonometry: Functions like SUM, AVERAGE, MAX, MIN, SQRT, SIN, COS,
etc.

o Text Functions: CONCATENATE, LEFT, RIGHT, MID, LEN, etc., for manipulating text.

o Logical Functions: IF, AND, OR, NOT for making decisions based on certain conditions.

o Lookup and Reference Functions: VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, INDEX, MATCH, etc., for
searching and retrieving data.

o Date and Time Functions: NOW, TODAY, YEAR, MONTH, DAY, etc., for handling dates and
times.

o Statistical Functions: COUNT, COUNTA, COUNTIF, SUMIF, AVERAGEIF, etc.

o Financial Functions: PMT, PV, FV, NPV, IRR, etc., for financial calculations.

o Database Functions: DSUM, DCOUNT, DMAX, DMIN, etc., for working with Excel
databases.
PROCEDURE:

1. Data Organization:

o Organize your data in a table with materials in columns and test results in rows.

2. Total Strength:

o In the cell where you want the total strength for Material 1, use the formula:

o Syntax: =SUM(number1, [number2], ...)

o Example: =SUM(A1:A10)

o Drag this formula down for other materials.

3. Average Strength:

o In the cell where you want the average strength for Material 1, use the formula:

o Syntax: =AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)

o Example: =AVERAGE(B1:B10)

o Drag this formula down for other materials.

4. Number of Tests:

o In the cell where you want the number of tests for Material 1, use the formula:

o Syntax: =COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)

o Example: =COUNT(C1:C10)

o Drag this formula down for other materials.

5. Maximum Strength:

o In the cell where you want the maximum strength for Material 1, use the formula:

o Syntax: =MAX(number1, [number2], ...)

o Example: =MAX(D1:D10)

o Drag this formula down for other materials.

6. Minimum Strength:

o In the cell where you want the minimum strength for Material 1, use the formula:

o Syntax: =MIN(number1, [number2], ...)

o Example: =MIN(E1:E10)

o Drag this formula down for other materials.

7. Save your file in your drive.

AIM: Calculate weighted average for the below table for marks scored by a student in di erent exams
along with the weights in percentages.

i. When Weights Add Up to 100%

ii. When Weights Don’t Add Up to 100%

THEORY: A weighted average is an average in which each value in the dataset is multiplied by a weight
factor, and the resulting products are summed up and divided by the sum of the weights.

It is used when di erent values in the dataset contribute di erently to the overall average based on their
significance or importance (weights).:
PROCEDURE: Case 1:-

1. Data Organization:

o Have a column for values (let's say in column A).

o Have another column for weights (let's say in column B)..

2. Calculate the Weighted Sum:

o In a new cell, use the SUMPRODUCT function to calculate the weighted sum. The
formula looks like this:

o Syntax: = =SUMPRODUCT(A2:A10, B2:B10)

o Drag this formula down for other rows.

3. Calculate the Weighted Average:

o In another cell, divide the weighted sum by 100. This is because your weights add up to
100%. The formula would be:

o Syntax: = =SUMPRODUCT(A2:A10, B2:B10) / 100

o Drag this formula down for other rows.

4. Save your file in your drive. Case (ii)

1. Data Organization:

o Have a column for values (let's say in column A).

o Have another column for weights (let's say in column B)..

2. Calculate the Weighted Sum:

o In a new cell, use the SUMPRODUCT function to calculate the weighted sum. The
formula looks like this:

o Syntax: = =SUMPRODUCT(A2:A10, B2:B10)

o Drag this formula down for other rows.

3. Calculate the Sum of Weights:

o In another cell, use the SUM function to calculate the sum of weights::

o Syntax: = =SUM(B2:B10)

o Drag this formula down for other rows.

4. Calculate the Weighted Average:

o In another cell, divide the weighted sum by 100. This is because your weights add up to
100%. The formula would be:

o Syntax: = =SUMPRODUCT(A2:A10, B2:B10) / SUM(B2:B10)

o Drag this formula down for other rows.

5. Save your file in your drive.

AIM: Calculate Sin, Cosine and tan value from 0 to 360 degree in steps of 15 degree.

THEORY: Trigonometry functions in Excel are mathematical functions that deal with angles and
distances. These functions are useful for a variety of applications, including geometry, physics,
engineering, and more. Excel provides set of trigonometry functions that allow engineers and scientist to
perform calculations involving angles and triangles. Here are some common trigonometry functions in
Excel along with a brief explanation of each:

SINE Function (SIN):

Syntax: SIN(angle)

Returns the sine of an angle given in radians.

Example: =SIN(PI()/2) returns 1, as the sine of 90 degrees (π/2 radians) is 1.

COSINE Function (COS):

Syntax: COS(angle)

Returns the cosine of an angle given in radians.

Example: =COS(0) returns 1, as the cosine of 0 radians is 1.

TANGENT Function (TAN):

Syntax: TAN(angle)

Returns the tangent of an angle given in radians.

Example: =TAN(PI()/4) returns 1, as the tangent of 45 degrees (π/4 radians) is 1.

ARCSINE Function (ASIN):

Syntax: ASIN(number)

Returns the arcsine (inverse sine) of a number, returning an angle in radians. Example: =ASIN(1) returns
π/2, as the arcsine of 1 is 90 degrees (π/2 radians). ARCCOSINE Function (ACOS):

Syntax: ACOS(number)

Returns the arccosine (inverse cosine) of a number, returning an angle in radians. Example: =ACOS(0)
returns π/2, as the arccosine of 0 is 90 degrees (π/2 radians). ARCTANGENT Function (ATAN):

Syntax: ATAN(number)

Returns the arctangent (inverse tangent) of a number, returning an angle in radians. Example: =ATAN(1)
returns π/4, as the arctangent of 1 is 45 degrees (π/4 radians).

ATAN2 Function:

Syntax: ATAN2(number_x, number_y)

Returns the arc tangent of the quotient of its arguments, using the signs of the two numbers to determine
the quadrant of the result.

Example: =ATAN2(1,1) returns π/4, as it represents the angle whose tangent is 1 (45 degrees or π/4
radians).
Remember that Excel trigonometric functions expect angle inputs to be in radians. You may need to
convert degrees to radians using the RADIANS function if your angles are in degrees. For example,
RADIANS (45) converts 45 degrees to radians.

PROCEDURE:

1. Data Organization:

In column A, list the angles from 0 to 360 in steps of 15. You can start from A2 with 0 and then use A3, A4,
and so on for the subsequent angles. For example, enter 15, 30, 45 and drag it till 360.

2. Calculate Sin, Cosine, and Tangent::

o In cell B2, enter the formula for sine: Syntax: =SIN(RADIANS(A2))

o Drag this formula down for other rows.

o In cell C2, enter the formula for cosine: Syntax: =COS(RADIANS(A2))

o Drag this formula down for other rows.

o In cell D2, enter the formula for tangent: Syntax: =TAN(RADIANS(A2))

o Drag this formula down for other rows

3. Save your file in your drive.

Exp. No: 2 D FUNCTIONS

AIM: Using The CONVERT Function to Convert Units.

Theory:

The Excel CONVERT Function[1] is an Excel Engineering Function. The function is useful for conversion of
units from one measurement system to another measurement system. For example, CONVERT will help
us to convert pounds to kilograms, feet to centimeters, or Fahrenheit to Celsius.

Formula:

=CONVERT(number, “from unit “,”to unit”)

The Excel CONVERT function uses the following arguments:

1. Number (required argument) – The numeric value we wish to convert.

2. From Unit – This is the unit you are converting from. Quotations are necessary!

3. To Unit – This is the unit you are trying to convert to. Quotations are necessary!

Procedure:

1. Data Organization
According to your wish just add data in your cell.
2. Add Convert function

Apply convert formula as =CONVERT(number, “from unit “,”to unit”)

Ex: =CONVERT(1,"ft","in")

3. Save your file.