Menggambar Mesin

TM091323 – Dimensioning

DepartemenTeknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknologi Industri dan Rekayasa Sistem
Institu Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Introduction
 Important to achieve the purpose of engineering drawings
 Clear and simple → good readability, misinterpretation avoidance
 Following rules or standards
Basic rules for dimensioning
Views that must be given the basic dimension
 Basic dimension
 Determine the typical shape or function of the object
 Must be placed in a view or section that provides the clearest shape of the workpiece
 Generally, a front view is chosen
 The dimension is placed as much as possible on the front view.
 If not possible, other sizes can be placed on other views.
Basic rules for dimensioning
The view that should be given basic dimension
Basic rules for dimensioning
Components for dimensioning
a. Dimension line
b. Extension line
c. Number e
d. Symbol a
e. Leader line
b
c d
a
Basic rules for dimensioning
Direction of dimensioning
 In the image, it is generally located in a
horizontal and vertical position
 Horizontal → can be read from below
 Vertical → can be read from the right
Basic rules for dimensioning
Direction for the number
 Writing numbers that are not horizontal/vertical is adjusted to the position of the
dimensioning line
 Avoid dimensioning in the hatched area
 Basic rules for dimensioning
Functional, non-functional and additional dimensioning
 Functional (F): The most important size to
achieve the function of an object's shape against
the function of its partner's shape according to
its use in its composition. This dimension is
always followed by a special tolerance or
adjustment tolerance
 Non-functional (NF): Size that does not affect
the function of the object's shape in principle.
Only needed to help the process of working,
measuring or checking. This dimension is usually
only accompanied by a general tolerance
 Additional (A): Size that is not so important in
the process of working on a workpiece. This
dimension is given only as information, written
in brackets
Basic rules for dimensioning
Units of measurement and decimal points
 Units in mm
 Angles using degrees (°), minutes (‘), seconds (“)
Dimensioning designation
Linier dimensioning
 For normal image dimension
with normal reading distance
Dimensioning designation
Linier dimensioning
 Additional conditions: Number height ± 3.5 mm.
 The distance between the dimension numbers and the dimension line is ± 1 mm.
 Arrow tail size ± 2 mm.
 Excess extension line size ± 2 mm.
 Distance of dimension line to object line + 10 mm.
 The distance between each line is ± 10 mm. If the image space is not enough, this
distance can be reduced.
 If it is not possible to make an arrow, it can be replaced with a point.
 The size arrow is sharpened and blackened, with a dimension comparison as shown
in the image on the previous slide.
Dimensioning designation
Dimension arrangements
 Chain dimensioning
Used when the distance between parts
is more functional than the distance
from the side of the object to each part.
Dimensioning designation
Dimension arrangements
 Parallel dimensioning
Used when all dimensions have the same
reference plane. The distance from one side to
each part is more functional than the distance
between parts.
Dimensioning designation
Dimension arrangements
 Combined dimensioning
Chain + parallel. Used when viewed from the function or work process, more than one
reference plane is required. This combined measurement method is more widely used in
practice.
Dimensioning designation
Dimension arrangements
 Consecutive dimensioning
Saving time and space, this method is used as a substitute for parallel dimension
designation, namely by taking one reference plane.
Dimensioning designation
Dimension arrangements
 Coordinate dimensioning
Helps to facilitate the reading of dimensions in the work process. The dimensions of the
coordinate method are recorded in a table (tabulated).
Dimensioning designation
Dimension arrangements
 Coordinate size of a particular object shape
The shape of an object that has a curve can be measured using coordinates.
Dimensioning designation
Dimension arrangements
 Dimensions against a reference plane
For technical purposes of manufacturing or
assembly, sometimes the dimensions of an object
must be stated against a reference plane or Reference line
reference plane.

Reference plane

Reference plane
Dimensioning designation
Dimensioning for parts of a specific work process
 Example: a hole to be drilled
 The designation uses the dimension line
with the number and its description.
 The arrow of the dimension line
touches the intersection point of the
axis line and the object line for a
cylindrical image,
 For a circular image, the arrow touches
the circle line itself
 Dimension line is drawn obliquely
forming a 60° angle with the
horizontal.
Dimensioning designation
Dimensioning for parts of a specific work process
 The dimension lines are also used in numbering parts in a layout drawing
 The ends of the dimension lines are marked with arrows when they end on the
object line and are marked with dots when they end inside the drawing.
Dimensioning designation
Dimensioning for parts of a specific work process
 For certain surface parts that must be specially worked on (for example, polished,
gilded), the surface part is marked with a thick axis line, then given a dimension
line and a description of the special work desired. The tip of the arrow of the
dimension line ends at the thick axis line.
Dimensioning designation
Symbols on the number

Object
Dimensioning designation
Symbols on the number
Dimensioning designation
Symbols on the number

Object
Dimensioning designation
Symbols on the number
Dimensioning designation
Symbols on the number
Dimensioning designation
Angle, arc and chords dimensions

Angle Arc Chords

Dimensioning designation
Dimension with special extension line
 Special extension lines are drawn with thin lines until they intersect at one point.
The intersection point determines the size that determines the shape of the object.
Dimensioning designation
Inappropriate numbering with the scale
 Dimensional figures for parts drawn out of scale below those marked with lines or
objects cut with thin free lines
Dimensioning designation
Slope and taper dimensions
 Slope

H−h
L

(a) Slopes (b) Slopes symbol (c) Designation

Dimensioning designation
Slope and taper dimensions
 Taper

D-d 
= 2 tg
L 2
Dimensioning designation
Slope and taper dimensions
 Taper
angle

Taper
Dimensioning designation
Partial dimensions for symmetrical objects
 To save time and drawing space, symmetrical objects can be drawn in half only. The
dimension line is drawn beyond the limit of the symmetry axis line.
Dimensioning designation
Dimensions for the inside and outside of an object

 In objects that are cut in half, the inside

and outside dimensions of the object
must be separated.
Dimensioning designation
Dimensions of keyway section on shaft and hole
Dimensioning designation
Dimensions of keyway section on shaft and hole
Dimensioning designation
Dimensions for the equal distance
Dimensioning designation
Dimensions for the equal distance
 For the position and size of a hole, threaded hole, gap, and the same division, the
number can be directly indicated using the leader line.
Dimensioning designation
Pay attention to the manufacturing process
 Size of hole in flange (flange)
 placement of hole sizes and diameters of spacing circles on flanges and the similar,
together on a view drawing showing the spacing
Dimensioning designation
Pay attention to the manufacturing process
 Dimension according to manufacturing
process
 Placement of dimension of parts that are
processed with the same process in groups
Dimensioning designation
Dimension for curved object
 Curved plates or bars must be given the dimension in the stretched state.
Dimensioning designation
Dimensioning of a part in an arrangement drawing
 The dimensions of each part in the arrangement should be separated as much as
possible.
Dimensioning designation
True – False in dimensioning
 The dimension lines are too close together and not parallel to the object line.

(a) False (b) True

Dimensioning designation
True – False in dimensioning
 Intersection between dimension lines

(a) False (b) True

Dimensioning designation
True – False in dimensioning
 The dimension line is too far from the one being reviewed

b. True

a. Unclear b. Ok
Dimensioning designation
True – False in dimensioning

a. False b. True

a. False b. True
Dimensioning designation
True – False in dimensioning

False True True

False True True

Dimensioning designation
True – False in dimensioning

(a) False (b) True

Cara Penunjukkan Ukuran
True – False in dimensioning

(a) False (b) True