1.

Components and Containers of AWT

Components are individual elements of a graphical user interface (GUI) like buttons, text
fields, and labels. Containers are used to hold and organize components, such as
frames, panels, and applets.

Example:

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class AWTExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("AWT Example");
Button button = new Button("Click Me");
frame.add(button); // Adding button to the frame
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

2. Delegation Event Model

The Delegation Event Model involves event sources (like buttons) generating events,
which are handled by event listeners that implement specific event-handling methods.

Sketch:

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+------------+ +-------------+ +--------------+
| Event | -----> | Event | -----> | Event |
| Source | | Listener | | Handler |
+------------+ +-------------+ +--------------+

Example Program:
java
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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class EventDelegationExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("Event Delegation Example");
Button button = new Button("Click Me");

button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Button clicked");
}
});

frame.add(button);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

3. Two AWT Controls with Examples

Button:

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Button button = new Button("Click Me");
frame.add(button);

TextField:

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TextField textField = new TextField(20);
frame.add(textField);
4. Java Program Using Listeners for Handling Keyboard Events
java
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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class KeyEventExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("Key Event Example");
TextField textField = new TextField(20);

textField.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
System.out.println("Key Pressed: " + e.getKeyChar());
}
});

frame.add(textField);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

5. Program to Handle Mouse Events and Mouse Motion Events

java
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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class MouseEventExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("Mouse Event Example");

frame.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
System.out.println("Mouse Clicked at: " + e.getX() + ", " +
e.getY());
 }
});

frame.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
System.out.println("Mouse Moved to: " + e.getX() + ", " +
e.getY());
}
});

frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

6. ActionEvent and AdjustmentEvent Classes

ActionEvent: Generated when a button is clicked, a menu item is selected, etc.

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button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Action performed");
}
});

AdjustmentEvent: Generated by adjustable objects like scrollbars.

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scrollbar.addAdjustmentListener(new AdjustmentListener() {
public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e) {
System.out.println("Adjustment made");
}
});
7. ActionEvent with Example

Example:

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button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Button clicked");
}
});

8. Lists and Panels, Program for List and ScrollPane

Lists: Used to display a list of items. Panels: Containers for organizing components.

Example Program:

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class ListExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("List Example");
List list = new List(4, false); // Single-selection list
list.add("Item 1");
list.add("Item 2");
list.add("Item 3");
ScrollPane scrollPane = new ScrollPane();
scrollPane.add(list);
frame.add(scrollPane);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
9. Program to Handle Keyboard Events

(Refer to answer for Question 4)

10. Layout Managers Explained

GridLayout: Arranges components in a grid of rows and columns.

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frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));

FlowLayout: Arranges components in a left-to-right flow.

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frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

CardLayout: Stacks components like cards, only one visible at a time.

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CardLayout cardLayout = new CardLayout();
frame.setLayout(cardLayout);

BorderLayout: Arranges components in five regions: north, south, east, west, and center.

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frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.add(button, BorderLayout.NORTH);

GridBagLayout: A flexible grid-based layout with constraints for each component.

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GridBagLayout layout = new GridBagLayout();
frame.setLayout(layout);
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy = 0;
frame.add(button, gbc);