Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &

7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

A. CONTENT STANDARD  Demonstrates understanding of key concepts of sets and the real
number system.
B. Performance  can formulate challenging situations involving sets and real numbers
Standard and solve these in a variety of strategies.
C. Learning At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
Competency 1. Defined sets, elements of sets and cardinality.
2. Describe and illustrate well-defined sets and null sets.
3. Determine the element/s of given set.
4. Identify the number of elements or its cardinality
I. CONTENT Introduction of sets, elements and cardinality
II. LEARNING
RESOURCES 7 Mathematics: Quarter 1: Introduction of sets
Laptop, TV, Marker, Manila Paper, Pen, and Printed materials
A. References Books
B. Materials Internet

III. PROCEDURES TEACHER’S ACTIVITY (5 mins) STUDENT ACTIVITY

1. Prayer A student will lead the
 The teacher asks a student to lead the
prayer.
prayer.
In the name of the
Father, of Son, of the
Holy Spirit, Lord thank
you for today for
taking care of us.
Bless us all Lord
every day in Jesus
2. Greetings name. Amen.
 (The Teacher greets the students. )
Good morning, Class!
Good morning, ma’am!

 (The teacher gives an energizer called

3. Energizer
“Minions dance”. )
https://youtu.be/OQnVSQoxL10
(The students will join
altogether.)
 The teacher checks the attendance.
Directions: the student will say PRESENT when
4. Checking
their named called.
of Attendance
Jessa -
Present ma’am!
The teacher reminds the students about the
classroom rules.
5. Class
1.Treat others with respect.
Management
2.Listen to the teacher when she speaks.
3. Listen and follow directions.
4. Raise your hand before speaking or
leaving your seat.
ELICIT (3 minutes)
A. Review previous In this part, the teacher will ask to recall what
lessons\ presenting they have learned in grade 6 mathematics.
the new lesson
Review Questions:
1. What have learned in your last year
mathematics?
2. Is mathematics fun?
3. What part of math are you good at?
ENGAGE (5 mins)
B. Presenting examples/ The teacher will give a challenge and
instances of new entertaining activity called “complete me”.
lesson Guidelines:
The teacher put a number that not
complete, then the students get a number
 Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

in a box to put in blank that they think is

the missing number that completes it.
Task 1: {1, 2 ,3, __ , __, 6, 7, 8, 9}
Task 2: {2, 4, 6, __, 10, 12, __}
Task 3: {3, 5, __, 9, __, __, __}
Task 4: {1, 4, 9, __, __, 36}
Task 5: {5,10,__, 20, 25, __}
EXPLORE (2 mins)
C. Discussing new The teacher will introduce the topic “introduction
concepts and of sets” and will be asking the students if they
practicing new skills have an idea.

John, do you have an idea about sets? Yes! Ma’am sets is….

Very good John!

The students who participate will be given a

“Chocolate candy or any foods available,
depends upon the teacher”
EXPLAIN (20mins)
D. Developing Mastery The teacher will ask the students to read
the Learning Objectives:
(The objectives is…)
Jesshil please read the objectives

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be

able to:
1. Defined sets, elements of sets and
cardinality.
2. Describe and illustrate well-defined sets and
null sets.
3. Determine the element/s of given set.
4. Identify the number of elements or its
cardinality.
5. Create an element of a set.

Thank you Jesshil!

 The teacher will define what is sets.

A set is the mathematical model for a collection of

different things a set contains elements or
members, which can be mathematical objects of
any kind: numbers,
symbols, points in space, lines, other geometrical
shapes, variables, or even other sets. The set with
no element is the empty set; a set with a single
element is a singleton. A set may have a finite
number of elements or be an infinite set. Two sets
are equal if they have precisely the same elements.

Some standard sets in math’s are:

 Set of natural numbers, ℕ = {1, 2, 3, ...}

 Set of whole numbers, W = {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}
 Set of integers , ℤ={...,-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
...}
 Set of rational numbers , ℚ = {p/q | q is an
integer and q ≠ 0}
 Set of irrational numbers , ℚ' = {x | x is not
rational}
Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

 Set of real numbers , ℝ = ℚ ∪ ℚ'

All these are infinite sets. But there can be finite

sets as
well. For example, the collection of even natural
numbers less than 10 can be represented in the
form of
a set, A = {2, 4, 6, 8}, which is a finite set.

Elements of a Set
The items present in a set are called either elements
or members of a set. The elements of a set are
enclosed in curly brackets separated by commas. To
denote that an element is contained in a set, the
symbol '∈' is used. In the above example, 2 ∈ A. If
an element is not a member of a set, then it is
denoted using the symbol '∉'. For example, 3 ∉ A.

Cardinal Number of a Set

The cardinal number, cardinality, or order of a set
denotes the total number of elements in the set. For
natural even numbers less than 10, n(A) = 4. Sets
are
defined as a collection of unique elements. One
An important condition to define a set is that all the
elements of a set should be related to each other
and share a common property. For example, if we
define a set with the elements as the names of
months in a year, then we can say that all the
elements of the set are the months of the year.

Representation of Sets in Set Theory

There are different set notations used for the
representation of sets in set theory. They differ in
the
the way in which the elements are listed. The three
set
notations used for representing sets are:

 Semantic form
 Roster form
 Set builder form
Let us understand each of these forms with an
example.

Set of first even natural numbers

Sematic form Roster form Set builder
form
A sew of first {2, 4, 6, 8, {x ∈ ℕ l x ≤
five even 10,} 10 and x is
natural even}
numbers

Semantic Form
Semantic notation describes a statement to show
what
are the elements of a set. For example, a set of the
first
five odd numbers.

Roster Form
The most common form used to represent sets is
the roster notation in which the elements of the sets
are
Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

enclosed in curly brackets separated by commas.

For example, Set B = {2,4,6,8,10}, which is the

collection of
the first five even numbers. In a roster form, the
order of
the elements of the set do not matter, for example,
the
set of the first five even numbers can also be
defined as
{2,6,8,10,4}.

Also, if there is an endless list of elements

in a set, then they are defined using a series of dots
at
the end of the last element. For example, infinite
sets are
represented as, X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ...}, where X is the
set
of natural numbers. To sum up the notation of the
roster
form, please take a look at the examples below.

Finite Roster Notation of Sets: Set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

(The first five natural numbers)

Infinite Roster Notation of Sets: Set B = {5, 10, 15,

20 ....} (The multiples of 5)

Set Builder Form

The set builder notation has a certain rule or a
statement
that specifically describes the common feature of all
the
elements of a set. The set builder form uses a
vertical
bar in its representation, with a text describing the
character of the elements of the set.

For example, A = { k | k is an even number, k ≤

20}. The statement says all the elements of set A
are even numbers that are less than or equal to 20.
Sometimes a ":" is used in the place
of the "|".

Visual Representation of Sets Using Venn

Diagram
Venn Diagram is a pictorial representation of sets,
with
Each set represented as a circle. The elements of a
set
are present inside the circles. Sometimes a
rectangle
encloses the circles, which represent the universal
set.
The Venn diagram represents how the given sets are
related to each other.
Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

Sets Symbols

Set symbols are used to define the elements of a

given
set. The following table shows the set theory
symbols
and their meaning.

The teacher give an energizer in the middle of the

class, for the student to be alive again.

https://youtu.be/v_U7ERmMGzU
Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

Types of Sets
There are different types of sets in set theory. Some
of
These are singleton, finite, infinite, empty, etc.

Singleton Sets
A set that has only one element is called a singleton
set or also called a unit set. Example, Set A = { k | k
is an
integer between 3 and 5} which is A = {4}.

Finite Sets
As the name implies, a set with a finite or countable
number of elements is called a finite set. Example,
Set B
= {k | k is a prime number less than 20}, which is B
=
{2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19}

Infinite Sets
A set with an infinite number of elements is called
an
infinite set. Example: Set C = {Multiples of 3}.

Empty or Null Sets

A set that does not contain any element is called an
empty set or a null set. An empty set is denoted
using
the symbol '∅'. It is read as 'phi'. Example: Set X =
{ }.

Equal Sets
If two sets have the same elements in them, then
they
are called equal sets. Example: A = {1,2,3} and B =
{1,2,3}. Here, set A and set B are equal sets. This
can be
represented as A = B.

Unequal Sets
If two sets have at least one different element, then
they
are unequal sets. Example: A = {1,2,3} and B =
{2,3,4}.
Here, set A and set B are unequal sets. This can be
represented as A ≠ B.

Equivalent Sets
Two sets are said to be equivalent sets when they
have
the same number of elements, though the elements
are
different. Example: A = {1,2,3,4} and B = {a,b,c,d}.
Here,
set A and set B are equivalent sets since n(A) = n(B)

Overlapping Sets
Two sets are said to be overlapping if at least one
element from set A is present in set B. Example: A =
{2,4,6} B = {4,8,10}. Here, element 4 is present in
set A
as well as in set B. Therefore, A and B are
overlapping
sets.

Disjoint Sets
Two sets are disjoint if there are no common
Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

elements in
both sets. Example: A = {1,2,3,4} B = {5,6,7,8}.
Here, set
A and set B are disjoint sets.

Subset and Superset

For two sets A and B, if every element in set A is

in set B, then set A is a subset of set B(A ⊆ B) and in

present

case, B is the superset of set A(B ⊇ A).

this

Example: Consider the sets A = {1,2,3} and B =

{1,2,3,4,5,6}. Here:

 A ⊆ B, since all the elements in set A are

 B ⊇ A denotes that set B is the superset

present in set B.

of set A.

Universal Set
A universal set is the collection of all the elements
regarding a particular subject. The universal set is
denoted by the letter 'U'. Example: Let U = {The list
of all
road transport vehicles}. Here, a set of cars is a
subset
for this universal set, the set of cycles, trains are all
subsets of this universal set.

Power Sets
Power set is the set of all subsets that a set could
contain. Example: Set A = {1,2,3}. Power set of A is
= {∅,
{1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {2,3}, {1,3}, {1,2,3}}.

Operations on Sets
Some important operations on sets in set theory
include
union, intersection, difference, the complement of a
set,

and the cartesian product of a set. A brief

explanation of
set operations is as follows.

Union of Sets
Union of sets, which is denoted as A U B, lists the
elements in set A and set B or the elements in both
set A
and set B. For example, {1, 3} ∪ {1, 4} = {1, 3, 4}

Intersection of Sets
The intersection of sets which is denoted by A ∩ B
lists
the elements that are common to both set A and set
B.
For example, {1, 2} ∩ {2, 4} = {2}

Set Difference
Set difference which is denoted by A - B, lists the
elements in set A that are not present in set B. For
example, A = {2, 3, 4} and B = {4, 5, 6}. A - B =
{2, 3}.

Set Complement
Set complement which is denoted by A', is the set of
all
Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

elements in the universal set that are not present in

set
A. In other words, A' is denoted as U - A, which is the
difference in the elements of the universal set and
set A.

Cartesian Product of Sets

The cartesian product of two sets which is denoted
by A
× B, is the product of two non-empty sets, wherein
ordered pairs of elements are obtained. For
example, {1,
3} × {1, 3} = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (3, 3)}

In the above figure, the shaded portions in "blue"

show
the set that they are labelled with.

Sets Formulas in Set Theory

Sets find their application in the field of algebra,
statistics, and probability. There are some important
set theory formulas in set theory as listed below.

For any two overlapping sets A and B,

 n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)

 n (A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A U B)
 n(A) = n(A U B) + n(A ∩ B) - n(B)
 n(B) = n(A U B) + n(A ∩ B) - n(A)
 n(A - B) = n(A U B) - n(B)
 n(A - B) = n(A) - n(A ∩ B)

For any two sets A and B that are disjoint,

 n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B)
A∩B=∅
 n(A - B) = n(A)

Properties of Sets
Similar to numbers, sets also have properties like
associative property, commutative property, and so
on.

There are six important properties of sets. Given,

three
 Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

sets A, B, and C, the properties for these sets are as

follows.

ELABORATE (15 mins)

E. Finding practical In summary, it’s in mathematics, are simply a
application of collection of
concepts and skill. distinct objects forming a group. A set can have any
group of
F. 7. Making items, be it a collection of numbers, days of a week,
Generalizations types of
and Abstractions vehicles, and so on. Every item in the set is called
About the Lesson an element of
the set. Curly brackets are used while writing a set.
A very
simple example of a set would be like this. Set A =
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
In set theory, there are various notations to (The students join
represent elements together)
of a set. Sets are usually represented using a roster
form or a
set builder form.

 The teacher will group the students into

three groups for the activity.

Mechanics: Each group will be given a manila

paper and a marker to write solutions and
answers in manila paper. After that, they will
present their answer in the class, each group
have their representative to explain their output.

Questions:
1. Find the elements of the sets represented as
follows and write the cardinal number of
each set. a) Set A is the first 8 multiples of 7
b) Set B = {a,e,i,o,u} c) Set C = {x | x are
even numbers between 20 and 40}.

2. If Set A = {a,b,c}, Set B = {a,b,c,p,q,r}, U =

{a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s}, find the following using
sets formulas, a) A U B b) A ∩ B c) A' d) Is A⊆ B?
(Here 'U' is the universal set).

3. Express the given set in set-builder form: A

 Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}

Answers:
1. Solution:
a) Set A = {7,14,21,28,35,42,49, 56}. These are the
first 8 multiples of 7. Since there are 8 elements in
the set,
cardinal number n (A)= 8

b) Set B = {a,e,i,o,u}. There are five elements in the

set,
Therefore, the cardinal number of set B, n(B) = 5.

c) Set C = {22,24,26,28,30,32,34 ,36,38}. These are

the
even numbers between 20 and 40, which make up
the
elements of the set C. Therefore, the cardinal
number of set C, n(C) = 9.

Answer: (a) 8 (b) 5 (c) 9

2. Solution:

a) A U B = writing the elements of A and B

together in one set by removing duplicates =
{a,b,c,p,q,r}

b) A ∩ B = writing common elements of

A and B in a set = {a,b,c}

c) A' = writing elements of U that are

NOT present in A = {d,p,q,r,s}

d) A ⊆ B, (Set A is a subset of set B) since

all the elements in set A are present in set B.

Answer:(a)
{a,b,c,p,q,r} (b)
{a,b,c} (c)
{d,p,q,r,s} (d) Yes

3.Solution: Given: A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}

Using sets notations, we can represent the given set
A in setbuilder form as, A = {x | x is an even natural
number less than 15}

Answer: A = {x | x is an even natural the

number less than n15}

The student’s output will be rated based on the

rubrics:

Rubrics:
Accuracy: 20 points
Participation: 15 points
Presentation: 15 points
Total Points: 50 points
EVALUATE (8 mins)
G. Evaluating Learning Test I: Guess Me!
 Name of School Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences Grade &
7
and Technology section
Name of Rhea Jane C. Sembrano Learning Area
Mathematics
Teacher
Date & Time September 27, 2024, l 9:45-10:45 Quarter
1 week 1
AM

 The teacher will read the questions twice.

Students will write the correct answer to a ¼
sheet of paper.

1. The symbol used to denote an element of a set is

___.
1. ∈
Test I Answer:
2. Subsets of the set A = {p,q,r} are
2. {p}, {q}, {r},{p,q}, 3.5.
{q,r},{p,r},{p,q,r},∅ What are the different set notations to represent
only set?
3-5. semantic
notation, rooster
notation, and set
builder notation.
EXTEND (2 mins)
Assignment: 1 Long Bondpaper
H. Part of Reflection Define what is set, types of sets and give each an
example.
ASSESSMENT/RESULTS
/MASTERY INDEX

Prepared by:

Rhea Jane C. Sembrano

-BSED MATH 3B

Checked and reviewed by:

Janis L. Damasin, LPT

Instructor