I do I understand

10% of what we READ

20% of what we HEAR

30% of what we SEE
50% of what we HEAR and SEE

Higher levels of retention can be achieved

through active involvement in learning.

DCU 4
I Hear I Forget

I See I Remember

I Do I Understand
 Teacher

Teaching Aids Communication

 Meaning :- Learning is a process of gaining or receiving
knowledge of things in the world around us, through
sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. Learning takes
place in everyone's life all the time from a very early
stage in life, and human beings keep on learning all the
time.
 Learning starts from early childhood and it is a
continuous and life long process.
 Through learning an individual gains the skills to cope
with life.
 Learning occurs in the family and the community, in
formal and informal settings. The word learning
encompasses a wide range of connotations across
different spheres of life.
 Teaching Aids are tools that teacher uses in
the classroom such as Flash cards, maps,
cassette black board etc.
 Teaching Aids are tools used by the teacher to
help learner to improve listening, reading and
other skills, illustrate and reinforce a skill, facts
or idea and relieve anxiety, fears and boredom
as many teaching aids are like games,
 Teaching aid is any piece of
equipment/material that can be used to help
and facilitate learning in students.
 To reinforce what you are saying.
 To ensure that your point is understood.
 To signal what is important/essential.
 Teaching aids support the lesson plan and assist learning.
 Enhance the interest of students, specially students of quite
young age.
 Its quite easy to teach them.
 Much effective than conservative teaching.
 As well as teen agers also take interest in pictures and
practice.
 They also want to do their work by themselves.
 So audio video teaching is much effective than conservative
 A well designed Aid should:
 Promote perception
 Promote understanding
 Help reinforce the spoken word
 Aid memory retention through repetition - but
repetition through a different medium
 Motivate and arouse interest through requiring
students to use different senses to learn
 Make effective use of the teaching time
available to learn
 Aids should be:
 Simple - do not crowd information onto the
page or screen
 To the point, and well related to the lesson
plan
 interesting and attractive
 Educational values
 Realization of objectives
 Pupil centeredness
 Interest and motivation
 Simplicity
 Relevancy and suitability
 Accuracy
 Encouragement
 Well preparedness
 Avoid to much aids
 Means to an end
 Integration
 Availability of resources, size of classroom,
finance, facilities and experienced teachers.
 Clarity
 Attention and interest
 Best motivation
 Use of maximum senses
 Saving time effort
 Fixing & recalling knowledge
 Meeting the individual differences
 Encouraging activities
 Introduces variety
 Development of scientific attitude
 Direct experience
 Promotion of understanding
 1. Identification of problem and need
2. Analysis of the problem a. Identification of
need and motivating factors b. Persuasion
tactics
3. Objective setting
4. Selection of the topics
5. Format selection
6. Content arrangement:
a. Script b. Visual
7. Editing
8. Testing
9. Revision
 Teaching learning materials can be grouped into
three sections.
1. Audio: dealing with what is heard; music, drums,
radio, tape recorder, projectors, DVD and any
sound effect that can be heard.
2. Visuals: things that can be seen;
3. Multi-sensory: where pupils learn through the five
senses – see, hear, smell, taste and touch. This can
take the form of role- play, demonstration, models,
simulation, experiments, excursion, visits and so on.
 The usual traditional teaching aids are
blackboards, textbooks, charts, pictures,
posters, maps, atlases, globes, flash cards, flip
cards, worksheets, science lab apparatus and
materials, models, crossword puzzles, quizzes,
story telling, dramatization, one act plays,
dictionaries, encyclopaedias, reference books,
learning toys and abacus. Let us learn about
these teaching aids one by one.
 Blackboard is one of the very old and most used teaching
aids in the schools along with the text books.
 Recently blackboards have been changed to green
boards, but the basic function of the board remains the
same by whatever colour one may name it.
 Even the material used for making the blackboards is
changed from the ordinary wood to the most sophisticated
plastic, fibre and glass materials of today.
 In some classrooms, the blackboards are permanently
made of cement and mortar. But the functions of all these
are the same.
 The blackboard has been the most handy and useful tool
of a teacher in the classroom.
TiPs
 Get to the lecture hall early to make sure that the
board has been cleaned.
 Bring your own chalk/markers and eraser.
 If you have problems with keeping your writing
level, draw horizontal lines in advance using a
pencil and metre stick.
 Draw complex diagrams, charts, etc. in advance
and cover with a piece of newspaper until needed.
AdvAnTAges
 No advanced preparation required,
 except when displaying a complex table/chart/
diagram.
 Technology is not dependent on electricity or
other possible glitches.
 Can be used by students for problem-solving,
etc.
disAdvAnTAges
 Time-consuming if you have a lot to write.
 Handwriting may be difficult to read (legibility,
size, glare, etc.).
 Turn your back on audience.
 Cleaning the board (chalk dust, permanent
marker, etc.)
 Can’t go back to something you’ve erased.
 The prescribed texts books of studies for particular classes
in a school have been the other very useful tool in the
hands of the teacher for centuries whereby a teacher uses
the text book to read and explain to the students
everything contained in the text book lessons.
 The teacher asks the students to mark or underline
important ideas appearing in the lessons and the difficult
words or the concepts which the students may fail to grasp
easily.
 While using the textbook, sometimes the teachers move
away from the subject to tell the students anecdotes,
stories or personal experiences concerned with the topic in
the textbook that is being taught to the students.
 Use of clip-art picture/illustration.
 Tracing
 Copying using charcoal
 Enlarging
 Stick pictures
 Using old magazines, News papers
 Illustrating through appropriate local material
 posters, charts, chalkboard, flannel graph,
flashcards, puzzles, objects – (real),
projectors, cartoons, television, computer CD,
internet and so on.
 Picture chart
 Time chart
 Table chart
 Graphic chart
 Flow chart
 Tree chart
 Pie char
 Flip charts are useful in teaching situations where
you need to teach a number of people at a time.
 They are used when books are unavailable, scarce,
or too expensive for individuals to have their own
copy when other media such as overheads and
slides are not available, and where group learning
is most culturally appropriate.
 A flip chart is a collection of large pages which are
bound together at the top.
 The pages are “flipped” or brought up and to the
back as they are used.
 A flip chart is bound together at the top in such a
way that the pages can be easily turned and lie flat.
 A Flannel Board consists of a piece of flannel or
felt made from wool, stretched tightly over a
strong backing of plywood.
 Pictures, cards and similar material can be
made stick on it.
 Models are replicas or copies of real objects
with suitable change in size, complexity, timing,
safety and cost factors.
 CLASSIFICATION:-
1) Simplified
2) Scale
3) Working
4) Cross-sectional
5) Mock-ups

 GLOBE a globe is a spherical model of earth

  Graph is a flat pictures which employ dots, lines or
pictures to visualize numerical and statistical data to
show statistics or relationships.
 Graphs are by nature a summarizing device.
 Effective tools for comparisons and contrast.
 KINDS
1. Line Bar
2. Flannel
3. Circle or
4. Pie
5. Pictorial
 The lessons in geography becomes realistic when
the teachers use wall maps, atlases and globes to
make the student understand and know various
geographical concepts and to know the locations of
various places in the world.
 Teaching of geography in the classrooms will be
meaningless without the use of these teaching aids.
 Visit to historical places near the school is live
experience for the children to learn and these also
serve as natural teaching aids.
 Worksheets are an important aid to the students to work
out the exercises given in these worksheets.
 Scientific apparatus, materials and models used in
classrooms and science labs
 No science lesson can said to be complete unless the
children are shown the practical examples by conducting
the science experiments in the lab or class.
 Models of parts of the human body and many other
models depicting the replica of the things taught in the
class are very important teaching aids.
 Visit to science museums, planetariums;
zoological parks and places of scientific
importance will serve as very good teaching aids
to the students.
 Leaves, twigs, flowers, seeds etc of plants when
shown to the children either from the school
garden or a nearby park will add to the botanical
knowledge of the students and are living
teaching aids from the beginning.
 Teaching aids can be defined as tools which the
teachers or tutors or whoever is involved in the
field of teaching including laboratory assistants
in the science labs of schools to help the
learners in a way that can make them easily
understand and comprehend what is taught to
them.
 The teaching aids can improve understanding of
concepts, cognitive development reading,
writing and speaking skills of the students.
 In an easy illustrative way, the teaching aids can
reinforce whatever the ideas, facts or skills have
already been learnt by the students.
 The user friendly and interactive teaching aids
help to remove the anxiety, fear, boredom or any
other complex feeling which the students may
develop while learning their subjects of study.
 Crossword puzzles, quizzes and story telling
etc.
 Crossword puzzles and other quizzes held in the
school from time to time also serve as a sort of
teaching aids.
 Learning games which the students play in the
classrooms are also one of the teaching aids.
 Children may be asked to write stories from the
pictures shown to them. They may also be given
incomplete stories to complete.
 Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias and other
reference books
 Dictionaries, encyclopaedias and other books of
reference always come to the help of the
teachers and the students when ever they want
to find out the meaning of any word or an idea.
 Books containing facts of knowledge and
important data books help the teachers and
students to find them easily in these books.
 Toys are usually used in small classes for teaching the
children the names of various fruits, vegetables, animals,
birds, insects etc. Toy models of these objects are easily
available in the market.
 Children in lower classes are also given some objects like
marbles and beads to learn numbers.
 Toy clocks and watches are used in schools to teach
children the concept of time.
 Use abacus as a teaching aid
 The use of abacus in learning numbers and small
mathematical operations has been in use since times
immemorial.
 Mathematics including geometry kits
 The geometry box containing compasses,
protectors, ruler scales etc. is very important set
of aids in the hands of students and teachers to
learn geometrical concepts. The teachers will
have the same instruments made in larges sizes
to explain the sums in geometry to the students
using chalk in stead of pencils which the
students use.
 Use of technology is so much these days in
each and every domain of our lives, be it
education or the regular household work, that
have we ever taken out a second to wonder if
it’s leaving a positive impact on our work or it’s
just that we have been relying too much on it
that we have become habitual to it, ignoring the
direction of its impact?
 Technology is causing education to improve
over time or have we just been catching up
with the trend of educational technology.
 With technology, educators, students and parents have a
variety of learning tools at their fingertips. Here are some
of the ways in which technology improves
education over time:
 Teachers can collaborate to share their ideas and
resources online: They can communicate with others
across the world in an instant, meet the shortcomings of
their work, refine it and provide their students with the best.
This approach definitely enhances the practice of teaching.
 Students can develop valuable research skills at a
young age: Technology gives students immediate access
to an abundance of quality information which leads to
learning at much quicker rates than before.
 Students and teachers have access to an expanse of
material: There are plenty of resourceful, credible
websites available on the Internet that both teachers and
students can utilize. The Internet also provides a variety of
knowledge and doesn’t limit students to one person’s
opinion.
 Online learning is now an equally credible option:
Face-to-face interaction is huge, especially in the younger
years, but some students work better when they can go at
their own pace. Online education is now accredited and
has changed the way we view education.
 The use of internet technology has enabled teachers
to reach students across boarders and also students
from developing countries have used internet
technology to subscribe for advanced educational
courses.
 Many universities and colleges have embraced online
education by creating virtual classrooms.
 Online education is flexible and affordable, students
can attend classrooms during their free time, and they
can also have a chance to interact with other students
virtually.
 Computers have become of the
most important learning aids of
the modern times. Today's
education is considered
incomplete without computers.
This is the basic machine on
which all other electronic
medias of learning depend.
These can be bought in various
forms like desktops, lap tops,
notebooks and simply
e-readers.
 The PowerPoint presentations in the form of
slides and PowerPoint games serve a very
important role in the modern education.
 Any person with a basic knowledge of
PowerPoint can learn to make slides and games
on the relevant subjects of teaching with a very
little training.
 If a teacher is really interested to learn and use
this media to teach his or her students can do it
in very short period of time.