d 1.

Topping Cycle 1 mark for

2.Bottoming Cycle
each (max -
02 marks)

1.Atomic Energy Regulatory Board(AERB) 1mark for

2. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) each (max -
02 marks)

Page No: N

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISONEC-27001 - 2013 Certifed)
SUMMER- 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer- Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
22566
Subject Name: POWER PLANT ENGINEERING Subject Code:
Q. Sub Answer Marking
No. Q. N. Scheme

f The performance of a power plant can be expressed through some common performance
factors:
½ marks
" heat rate (energy efficiency)
for each
" thermal efficiency.
(Max- 2
" capacity factor.
marks)
load factor.
cconomic efficiency.
operational efficiency.

1. High operating cost

2. High maintenance cost ½ marks
3. Capacity is limited. Maximum up to 150 MW. for each
4. Noise is a serious problem. (Max- 2
5. They cannot supply overloads continuously, whereas thermal power plants can work under marks)
25%
6. Diesel power plants are not economical, if fuel is to be imported.
overload continuously.
7. Life ofa diesel power plant (2 to 5 years) is very small as compared to thermal power
plants (25) to 30 years).
d) State necessity of waste heat recovery in thermal power plant. 02 Marks

Ans
Necessity of waste heat recovery in thermalpower plant

Waste heat is the heat which is not used and exhausted out as a waste product.
1.In thermal power plant large quantity of heat at lower thermal potential (7O°c) is
discharged to the atrmosphere.

2.If we recover this heat, there will be reduction in fuel consumption, lower harmful
emissions and improvement in production efficiency.
3.Captured and reused waste heat is an emission free substitute for costly purchased
fuels

e) Name the regulating agencies for Nuclear Power Plant. 02 Marks

Ans.
1 mark
1. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board(AERB) each
2. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Page No: 2/ 19

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISONEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

f Define the term 'Capacity Factor'. 02 Marks

Ans.
The capacity Factor is also called the Plant Capacity factor.
It is the ratio of actual energy produced to the maximum possible energy that could have
been produced during a given period.
Capacity Factor = Actual Energy Produced/ Max Energy that could have been produced
C) Explain with neat sketch electro - static precipitators.
Ans
Electrostatic predipitator 02marks
For sketc

Electical Field Charged Particke

Electrode
Polanty AT +Ve D
Gas
Flow

Uncharged
Particese 0; :1:
Charged Particie
02
Marks fo
Working
The unclean flue gas flowing through the passage is supplied to two electrodes, working

oppositely charged. The gases become ionized because of high applied voltage. as air is
passed through this ionized chamber both positive and negative ions are formed. The
ionized air is made to pass through the collecting unit consisting of metal plates spaced

Page No: 5/ 19

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISOMEC -27001 - 2013 Certified)

to 15 to 20 cm a part. The positive plates are near the wall and negative electrodes at the
Centre negative and moves to a positive electrode, while positive ions move to negative
electrodes. The dust particles collected is clean by shaking motion or light rammers
driven by cams. The dust removed from plates is collected in hoppers and dump in
dumping sites.
b) Name any four Nuclear plants situated in India with their capacity. 4 marks

Ans

Capacity Any four

Sr.No.
Location Operator
Name Of Nuclear Power Station (MWe)
1 marks
each
1 Kakrapar Atomic Power Station Gujarat NPCIL 440
(Kalpakkam) Madras Atomic
2 Tamil Nadu NPCIL 440
Power Station
3 Narora Atomic Power Station UP NPCIL 440
4 Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant Karnataka NPCIL 880
5 Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Rajasthan NPCIL 1,180
6 Tarapur Atomic Power Station Maharashtra NPCIL 1,400
7 Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant Tamil Nadu NPCIL 2,000
 Hopper and
pasihoe
the
Gas Celectrode
cleon -Collector
clectrode
eohere
the
cledare
9924
Date
postthec
daste the
No.
Pags dust
partle plate
Can
bedeine electode'
teo enothe
the thefo
the
Dust
= atilizes
useddeiee
Gas
the Conaehiny
RecbifieE thot
clecaes Connection
frecipitatae deuite
incluele o
preeipitator Cammanly Cere
electrode by
Hgh
voltage!
tronsformer aumyposihic
elecrde the
preeipiator
dontelectode
Soucte
Dc
Or
alecteostatic reaauinq
s
-posihie
Electrosatic
oir
ilen this negate
eatitallybengyutiue
Conarol
cobinet air This lan
 ohich
Jual
24
x
laod demondx
2
Lshimate
6mw 24
hrs
during
Copaciy
Reserve
No.)
Paga
facto 60
mw
S65
hrs
24
hour FD.65 preduted
Enetqy Capocity lapaity
=
Plontfverelaad
ollouoing year
pe Xmax
24 mwh
The factor
Capacihydemond
Maximum
4 B65
X
c.60
uctar
Copacity
g in24hcs.
080
Mwh
hian
the producion. Jaadfactar praduc Plant Averaqe
JoodoperaHoa
eneray
y_Aanual 394200
has peck produed Eacsypracluced
Copauiy
plant Eocrqy focdae
Capacity
Laad pluat
Copouit
the
pouwer cdata
Given JAucrage Easrgj Aaual Reserve
oboveplant
1A J
4
 Jood feoetor X ci mumdenmand

O.75X 60

Plant
Capacily
Resezue Capaiby elantcapaiby - Max demand

S Mw

plaat Use Joctor Annual Enesy Procuced

Plant Capadhy x Noo pows
theplant opunatan

Noah hrs the plaat Anaucal Eaery precuied

is in -openahon l Plont Capacihy * plant use actac
39420o
SX .65 8086- IS3
 Pago No.

21
27 Athermal poucrplant Consicto tioo 60 mw
unt cach runníng at 8000 hrs and one unit
B0 mw unit runs. at 4000 Wt pen year.
en ergy -produie by plont is 850X_(o kw hr
-per yeor fiacdplant laad Joctor and plant
Use Joc tor
Given data

laod Eoergyprodued in Lyear

Auecage 24 X 365

24 x 365

Averaye 9t.03 Mw

Maximum deandis not qiven So Qssume

Maximum densend plant Zopacit
Maxdersand
max demand
9loadl 4.021
=Averuqe
Maximum demand 1SO

O.64
Plant use Anaual energy pmdaed
Plant Capacity Xnof hr the
Plantin -opemtian
inyear
850 x lo
l2.x6ox o00) +(36 x 4o00)
 12 1.
deomand
demandi indisisual
Simultaneous facore
fSum 3Diversity
O.84
+9 +lo +7 20
So
doacl Connecke
deaoned Maxi fotor Deand
mw 22.5
O.4SASO
foctar loacl
lood
MW5SO oad Peak
Chiven
fucton deman load
Jocto Calculate
is onnual Mwthe 3 ond
10mw MW 20 demand maximum having
ood powrdtution the
dalpeak station MW. SO
power MW 3A
6o
Qn as
Pago
No
.demoned May lood
= Peal<
 Poge No.

4Peak Joad onpowerplantisbo Mw the od

hauing
and
maximumemand Go Mw20 Mw
Connecteal topowplantthe
Capaciyo plant 20 Mwandload
estinale "0 Energybupplied
foto.
foryea
Divensithy uo
Peak load
Max. demand BO Mw

load
foctac
Eoey dupply pen yea Adglaocd = Eaery Supply LVeac
24 X65

Aug Jaaad mazdemond

= O.Sx60

Energt Auppy pea ycar Bo x 24

2628o0 Mwh
x 365

max uolermand
Cannected Joed
Divcasihy Joctoe =Sum o indivis ual
max
maxdemond
demand
Simultoneous

satd to
is have Use
Jactar
hos
hous n gear Das the pauen
Servies
Given
isedfeetor
let procuced
C =
Capacity yplant
ehich plant
opeaa ton
No. available 4ear
24 X 365

Plant laad
factor
O. 4o E
Cxt2

Plant use Jactor

 hrs 30S -sS T60
plant iohich dldiag yearSenviece
chrs
hes
Cx860 o.47
tE -e
E O.40
Diideeguation
and O
No. ge
 Page No.
last year, 0.P.
The -peak Joud powerstutionte
the
Jaudhoui
meya Dott a r lonnet to powe
max. demand J s l o s and
btato
thecapoihy ofpowea sta.tion. 4oMwh. the
Qnnula load factor
) Aueraye >o.s.
2
Entey sualscd
demsod otar Jaad Auctkor Ay load
Maxdincrs'on

x Maxdemand
xBS

2
Auerae oad foergy Supply Pea Yeein
24 x B6S

J . S x 24 X 365

1S3.3 X163 Muh

Demuadactor Max. dcmen

Connetd

3S

( 1s tio+S +7)
 Page Mo.
Asume Joud Poctr

4Diwas focdon
Divesity loctorSum o indiuisual
Simultuncously maxog

34
3S

alculate powen qencrator pen

stutien hauing dat
Tostull Lapaat
elbaingpautaplant 200 nwh
2 Cost
) Rate iatreat and deprciat'an
Annual Cost
andtxçeatorn Ser
Caleulate Cost -ofpeael gensator

Aveage
Max. demazch

Jaad Jasd Jaetor

O-SX 200X)os

2 Enemy przclated
-Auerage Jaad Eoerqy ugplicd pn
24 X365

Eneqy poduie pee gear

86_21kwh
 kwl pen
xl¿ 8%
Encyypndaced
acsgcotoutor and Cost Arnual
pakwh gencntaa ofpouaea Cast
xi S3
pagenceatias
al Cost Aonual
Rs fuelsaleie
Scr tiontexcea and
Jor pad chanqes Annual
Rs 49x1o
48cr
depeiiatian and
torintLct
dhanye. poid
Annua
 5-8 Nuclear Power Plants

WR) : 5.2.2.3 Heavy Water Moderated CANDU Type

Reactor:

Heavy Water Cooled And Moderated CANDU tY pe

pressurizer, Deuterium
Nuclear Power Reactors (CANadian
Uranium)
These
el.
This reactor first design and develop in canda.
which do
reactor are more economical to those country
ncy and cost. not produce enrich uranium as it is very costly.
r (BWR): Two basic features of the CANDU (CANada
radioactive, Deuterium Uranium) nuclear power reactor are the use
moderator and the use of
g is needed. of heavy water as neutron
and coolant.
is more.
pressure tubes to contain the reactor fuel
contained in
The low-pressure heavy-water moderator,
efficient fuel
a vessel called the calandria, provides
efficiency on than
utilization and permits the use of natural rather
enriched ranium. The moderator is separate from the
high-pressure coolant.
bundles
-than that of a A CANDUfuel channel contains 12 or 13 fuel
end-to-end.Each fuel bundle comprises an array of fuel
ed for BWR as elements held together by Zircaloy end-plates.
A fuelelement is made from UO, fuel pelletscontained
as against two in a thin.cylindrical Zircaloy sheath. The coolant, at a
zirconium
pressure of about 10 MPa, is contained in
from an
er in BWR as alloy pressure tubes, each of which is insulated
outer çalandria tube by CO, gas.Control rods penetrate
in PWR.
om in BWR as
the calandria vertically, and a secondary shutdown
a PWR. The system involves adding gadolinium tÏ the moderator.
CANDU reactors also use heavy water moderator
igher at lower
circulating through the body of the calandria vesselas
primary coolant. As Fig. 5.2.4 shows, heat is
rthe top of the
ne formation of transferred from the fuel to the primary coolant, which
transports the heat to the secondary circuitof steam
generators. The steam raise in the secondary circuit
ontrol rods must
flux of thermal
transferring the heat in the heat exchanger is which uses
ordinary water forms part of a conventional steam
power cycle. For rapid shutdown purpose the
moderator can dump through a very large area tank
provided belowreactor.

TechKnoledge
PubliCato ns
 4. The powe
Steem
compared
collec

size is ext1
Heat
xchenger

5 Even thou
L.P

Generator future, lig

Heay
water circuit more effic
of 529 p0
Condenser water.
Pressurised
fuel ubes
Circuiatng
5.2.2.4 Gas
Pump

A schemat
in Fig. 5.
Feed
reactor tha
Pump

pressure o1
Fig. 5.2.4: Heavy water moderated CANDU type Reactor moderator
Advantages of Heavy Water Moderated CANDU channels ac
Type Reactor: are inserted
1. The major advantage of this reactor is that the fuel need Channels a
not be enriched. for the ilov
2.
fuel while
The cost of the reactor vessel is less. Due to low
working pressure be built. called mag
alloy used f
3. Control is much easier than other types as No control
Fig. 5.2.5
rods are required. reactor is s
4 The moderator can be kept at low temperature which core from
increases its effectiveness in slowing down neutrons. channels be
5 Heavy water being a very good moderator, this type of moves up th
reactor has higher multiplication factor and low. fuel the top of th
Gas
consumption.
6 A shorter period is required for the Primary loop
installation
compared with PWR and BWR.
Disadvantages of Heavy Water Moderated CANDU
Type Reactor: Nuclear
reactor
1. The cost of heavy water is extremely high.
2 "The leakage is a major problem there are two
as
mechanically sealed closures per fuel channel.
Canadian designs generally are based or recovering
high proportion of heavy water
leak-tightness cannot be
leakages as absolute
assured.
3 Very high standard of
design,
and maintenance are required manufacture inspection Fig.