Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VI-Western Visayas

LESSON PLAN IN GRADE 8

,

Subject/Learning Area: Grade Level:

Science (Biology) 8

I. OBJECTIVES: C. Learning Competency/Code

A. Content Standard Explain ingestion, absorption,
The learners demonstrate an understanding of: the digestive and assimilation, and excretion
its interaction with the circulatory, respiratory, and excretory
system in providing the body with nutrients for energy (S8LT-IVa-13)
B. Performance Standard
II. CONTENT:
The Digestive System

OBJECTIVES

1. Explain the processes of digestion: ingestion, absorption, assimilation and excretion.

2. Cite ways on how to take care the organs of the digestive system.

III.LEARNING RESOURCES D. Science Concepts

A. References . The digestive system breaks down
1. Teacher’s Guide pages: food into nutrients such as
2. Learner’s Materials pages: pp. 291-306 carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
3. Additional Materials They can then be absorbed into the
PowerPoint Presentation, manila paper, pictures, pentel pen, bloodstream so the body can use
television them for energy, growth and repair.
4. Learning Modules
B. Other Learning Resources:
http://www.youtube.com/
C. Unlocking of Difficulties
1.The Digestive System
2.Digestive Processes

IV. PROCEDURE STUDENT ACIVITY

Prayer
“Requesting everyone to please stand for a prayer.
_______kindly lead the prayer,”
1.Greetings
“Good morning Grade 8.”
“How are you today?”
“That’s great!”
1. Classroom Management
“Before you take your seat, kindly pick up pieces of papers under
your chairs, and arrange it properly.”
Checking of Attendance
“Are all present today?” Very good for having a perfect
attendance.
2. Passing of Assignment
Is there an assignment given on you last meeting?
Okay, please pass your assignments forward without standing and making
any noise

A. ELICIT: (5 minutes)
In your previous topic, you have learned about the parts and function of the
digestive system, right? As a review, I have here a picture of the human
digestive system. I want you to label them by pasting these strips of paper with Yes Ma’am
names of the parts of digestive system, on the box provided.
To do this, I have here a ball, you have to pass this ball as the music starts,
when it stops, the one holding the ball will be the one to get one paper strip and
paste it on the box to label the parts of the digestive system.
Are you ready?
So, what are the parts of the digestive system? Yes Ma’am
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
 intestine, large intestine, rectum, and
anus.
Very good! Is there any question about your previous lesson? No ma’am

B. ENGAGE: (3 minutes)
Class, have you eaten your breakfast this morning? What do you have for
breakfast? Does it make you full? {students answer may vary)
I have here a fish cracker, please get one and pass, just wait for the others to
get their part and you will eat the fish cracker together.
Okay, you may now open your fish cracker and eat.

Class, what happen to the fish cracker as you chew it? The cracker is broken down into
smaller pieces by our teeth;

Now, what do you call the process in which food is broken down into small
particles so that it can be used by our body?
Digestion Ma’am
And do you know, what are the four processes of digestion?
(Answer may vary}
So, this morning we are going to learn about the four processes of digestion,
and we have these following objectives;
1.Explain the processes of digestion:
ingestion, absorption, assimilation
and excretion.
2.Cite ways on how to take care the
organs of the digestive system.
For you to understand more about our topic we will have an activity.

EXPLORE (10 minutes)

Pre- Activity
I will divide you into 3 groups. Each group must have a leader and secretary.
Each group will be given an envelope and inside this envelope are the things
you need to do for your activity. (Please see attached activity sheet)
Group1 will do the Activity Sheet #1 (Ingestion and Absorption!) As instructed, students perform the
Group 2 will do the Activity Sheet #2 (Assimilation and excretion!) activity
Group 3 will do the Activity Sheet #3 (Complete Me)
You will be given only 10 minutes to do your activity. Time starts now.
b. Activity Proper (10 minutes)
c. post-Activity
You may now present your activity.

EXPLAIN (25 minutes)

. Checking the guide questions and discussion of concept.

Let us see if your answers are correct!

Based on your activity, where does digestion begin? In the mouth Ma’am
Correct! And why food needs to be broken down into smaller pieces? So, that it can absorbed by the body.

And what do you call the first process of digestion? Ingestion Ma’am

And what is Ingestion? Ingestion –is the process of taking in

food through the mouth where it is
physically broken down into smaller
pieces by the teeth.
There are two methods your body uses to break down foods. What are those?
Physical or mechanical and
Vey good! What is Mechanical? Chemical? chemical.
Physical/mechanical -is when your
teeth bites, chews and grinds food
into something we can swallow.
Chemical – salivary glands adds
saliva to begin the digestive process
of carbohydrates and fats.
After the food is broken into smaller pieces, it passes through the esophagus
and move down to the stomach, by the help of a muscle contractions of the
esophagus which is called?
Peristalsis
You are right! In the stomach food is digested and the nutrients is absorbed by
the…...? small intestine

Correct! where the second process takes place and that is….? What is absorption
absorption?
Absorption –The process of
absorbing food in the form of
nutrients into the bloodstream of the
body.

These nutrients pass through the walls of the intestine and into the
bloodstream where they get transported to the different parts of the body.

Nutrients from the food is used by the body in the form of energy through the
process called….? What is assimilation? assimilation
Assimilation – is the process where
nutrients are being absorbed by each
cell of the body in the form of energy.
Excellent!

Carbohydrates are broken down to simple sugars are absorbed in the small
intestine and circulated to the different parts of the body as they join in the
bloodstream.

And what happens to the unwanted and excess substances from the body after It is eliminated from the body through
the food has been digested? the process of Excretion.

Exactly!

What is excretion? Excretion –is the process of

eliminating unwanted and excess
substances from the body after the
food has been digested.

Undigested parts of food or those that were not absorbed by the body are
eliminated as feces through the anus.

Do you understand? Yes ma’am.

Is there any question about our lesson? No ma’am

So, what are the four processes of digestion? Ingestion, absorption, assimilation,
and excretion.
Who can explain what is, ingestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion?
Ingestion –is the process of taking in
food through the mouth where it is
physically broken down by the teeth into
smaller pieces.
Absorption –The process of
absorbing food in the form of
nutrients into the bloodstream of the
body.
Assimilation – is the process where
nutrients are being absorbed by each
cell of the body in the form of energy.

Excretion – is the process of

eliminating unwanted and excess
substances from the body after the
food has been digested.

ELABORATE (10 minutes)

What might happen to the human body if one part of the digestive system will If one part of our digestive system
not function properly? will not function properly, the rest of
the body will be affected, and the
other system will work harder
causing it to deteriorate.

How will you take good care of the organs of your digestive system? When eating, Chew the food
carefully, drink plenty of water, eat a
high fiber diet, avoid intake of food
high in fat and have regular bowel
movement.

EVALUATE: (5 minutes)

Directions: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

1. Digestive system is the organs that take in food and liquids and break them down
into substances that the body can use for energy, growth, and tissue repair. What is
the correct pathway of food before it is eliminated from our body?
A. mouth, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
B. mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, anus, and rectum.
C. mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine rectum, and anus.
D. mouth, esophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum and anus.

2. It is the process of taking in food through the mouth.

A. ingestion C. absorption
B. excretion D. assimilation
3. ___________ is the process of eliminating unwanted and excess substances
from the body after the food has been digested.
parts of a cell.
A. absorption C. excretion
B. assimilation D. ingestion
4. The process where nutrients are being absorbed by each cell of the body in
the form of energy.
A. excretion C. assimilation
B. ingestion D. absorption
5.__________is the process of absorbing food in the form of nutrients into the blood
stream of the body.
A. excretion C. ingestion
B. assimilation D. absorption

Key answer:
1.c 4.c
2.a 5.d
3.c

EXTEND: (2 minutes

Directions:

What happens when the body’s nutritional needs are not adequately meet?

Prepared by: Date Checked

LILIBETH O. MOBOAYAEN
Biology Teacher

ACTIVITY SHEET 1

Activity Title: Ingestion and Absorption

Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. Explain ingestion and absorption as the processes of digestion.
Materials needed:
 Picture of the human digestive system
 Paper tarp
 Pentel pen
Time frame:
 10 minutes
Procedure:
1. Read the paragraphs given below.
2. Answer the guide questions that follow.
3. Present your answer in a creative manner (song, poem, talk show)

Background

Digestive Processes

Ingestion

Digestion starts when the food is taken into the mouth where food is mechanically broken down into smaller pieces
by the teeth. The enzyme in the saliva begins aid in the chemical process of food.
 Food is broken down into smaller pieces so that it can be absorbed by the body. The smaller pieces of food are mixed with
saliva before they are swallowed. Saliva is produced by salivary glands. It is a watery liquid that softens and wets the food in
the mouth and initially starts chemical digestion through enzymes present in the saliva. Then the food passes through the
esophagus and move down to the stomach by the help of a muscle contractions in the esophagus which is called
peristalsis.

Absorption

The process of absorbing food in the form of nutrients into the blood stream of the body. Most digested molecules
of food as well as water and minerals, are absorbed through the small intestine. During absorption, these nutrients pass
through the walls of the intestine and into the bloodstream where they get transported to the different parts of the body.

Guide Questions

1. Where does digestion start?

2. Why food needs to be broken down into smaller pieces?
3. Explain ingestion process by tracing the pathway of food to the stomach
4. What organ of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the digested food?
5. Explain absorption as the second process of digestion.

ACTIVITY SHEET 2

Activity Title: Assimilation and Excretion

Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. Explain assimilation and excretion processes
Materials needed:
 Article about Absorption
 Pentel pen
 Manila paper
Time frame:
 10 minutes
Procedure:
1. Read the article given below:
2. Describe the process of assimilation and excretion
4. Answer the guide questions that follow. Present your answers to the class in a creative manner. ( Newscasting)

Digestive Processes

Assimilation

The process where nutrients are being absorbed by each cell of the body in the form of energy. Carbohydrates
which are broken down to simple sugars are absorbed in the small intestine and circulated to the different parts of the body
as they join on the bloodstream. They are used up as sources of energy once they are assimilated by the cells, those that
are circulated into the liver are stored.
Excretion
The process of eliminating unwanted and excess substances from the body after the food has been digested.
Undigested parts of food or those that were not absorb by the body are eliminated as feces through the anus.

Guide Question

1. What organs of the digestive system is responsible for assimilation? For excretion?
2. Describe assimilation as the third process of digestion?
3. Through what process waste is eliminated from the body?
4. What is excretion?

ACTIVITY SHEET 3

Activity Title: Complete Me!

Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1.Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation and excretion by completing the paragraph

Materials needed:
 Manila Paper
 Pentel pen
Time frame:
 10 minutes
Procedure:
1. Read the article given below
. 2.Complete the paragraph by filling in the missing words found inside the box
3.. Present your answer to the class.

Digestive Processes

Ingestion

Digestion starts when the food is taken into the mouth where food is mechanically broken down into smaller pieces
by the teeth. The enzyme in the saliva begins aid in the chemical process of food.

Food is broken down into smaller pieces so that it can be absorbed by the body. The smaller pieces of food are mixed with
saliva before they are swallowed. Saliva is produced by salivary glands. It is a watery liquid that softens and wets the food in
the mouth and also initially starts chemical digestion through enzymes present in the saliva.Then the food passes through
the esophagus and move down to the stomach.

Absorption

The process of absorbing food in the form of nutrients into the blood stream of the body. Most digested molecules
of food as well as water and minerals, are absorbed through the small intestine. During absorption, these nutrients pass
through the walls of the intestine and into the bloodstream where they get transported to the different parts of the body

Assimilation

The process where nutrients are being absorbed by each cell of the body in the form of energy. Carbohydrates
which are broken down to simple sugars are absorbed in the small intestine and circulated to the different parts of the body
as they join on the bloodstream. They are used up as sources of energy once they are assimilated by the cells, those that
are circulated into the liver are stored.

Excretion
The process of eliminating unwanted and excess substances from the body after the food has been digested. Undigested
parts of food or those that were not absorb by the body are eliminated as feces.

Mouth assimilation absorption excretion

Esophagus stomach ingestion small intestine, food

Digestion begins when food in the ____________where food is mechanically broken down into smaller
pieces by the teeth through the process of_____________. The ___________passes through the
_____________and move down to the __________. _____________is the process where food is absorbed in
the form of nutrients by the ____________ to the blood stream of the body. Nutrients is used by the body in
the form of energy through the process called ____________. Unwanted and excess substances from the body
after the food has been digested are eliminated as feces through the anus in the process called ___________.