LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET No.

1
Quarter 4, Week 1
S.Y. 2020-2021

Name of student : Learning Area : SCIENCE

Grade level : 8 Date :

I. Introductory Concept
The human body is a unique mechanism!
It performs various processes that enables us to do more activities. It contains body cells which
needs nutrients for energy, growth and repair. And to do this, we need food. Food supplies the
raw materials needed by the body. However, when food is eaten, it is not in the form that can
be used by cells. It must be broken down into a from that cells can use. The body changes food
into a usable form by means of a group of organs known as Digestive System. Different species
of organisms have different forms of digestive tracts and different ways of digesting their food.

Figure 1: Digestive tracts of different representative species of animals

 YOUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FROM BEGINNING TO END

This table presents the digestive organs, their functions and description on
digestive process
Organs Functions / Descriptions Location
MOUTH ⮚ This is where Ingestion occurs – a
first process of digestion where food or
substance is taken through eating or
drinking.
⮚ The food will be then broken down into
smaller pieces through chewing, biting
and grinding. This
is also called mechanical digestion.
⮚ Initial Chemical digestion also
starts in the mouth. It is when salivary
glands releases saliva that softens the
food taken and helps to break down
carbohydrates and other nutrients that
are large complex into simpler ones that
can
be used by the body.
Pharynx ● Regulates the passage of air to the
lungs and food to the esophagus.

⮚ The Bolus (a soft mass of chewed food)

from the mouth will be then pushed
into the esophagus

⮚
Esophagus ● A pipe that connects mouth and
pharynx to the stomach.

⮚ A process called Peristalsis allows the

bolus or chewed food to
smoothly move into your stomach.
Stomach ● Secretes digestive juice known as
Gastric juice.

⮚ It is where food is temporarily stored

and further broken down into smaller
molecules by digestive
juice and powerful enzymes in the
process of Digestion.
Pancreas ● A gland found behind the stomach.
(accessory ● Secretes pancreatic juice which
organ) contains digestive enzymes into
duodenum.
● These enzymes help breakdown
protein, fats and carbohydrates
present in the food
Liver ● It produces Bile which are released
(accessory into small intestine.
organ) ● Bile plays the role in digestion of fats

Duodenum ● It is the first part of small intestine.

● It continues the digestion of food
(starch, protein and fats)
Small ● Located between stomach and large
Intestine intestine. Consist of duodenum,
jejunum and ileum.
● Juice are secreted here which helps
complete digestion
⮚ Next to chemical Digestion is the
Absorption. Digested food
molecules are absorbed in small
intestine. This means that they pass
through the wall of small intestine and
into our bloodstream. Once there, the
digested food molecules are carried
around the body to where they are
needed in a process called Assimilation.
These food molecules/nutrients carried
by blood will be then used by our body
cells for growth and repair.

Large ● It is made up of caecum, colon, rectum.

Intestine ● Excessive water is absorbed from
undigested food
● The waste products from digestion are
also processed to make emptying bowel
easy
⮚ After all the nutrients have been stored
and used by body, undigested food will
be thrown out to body in a process
called
Egestion/Excretion

Rectum ● It connects the colon to the anus. It

receives undigested food as stool from
the colon.
● It holds the stool for some period of
time
Anus ● The undigested food (stool)
leaves the body through anus.
 II. Learning Skills from the MELCs
Explain Ingestion, Absorption, Assimilation and Excretion (S8LT-Iva-13) Unpacked Learning
Competency
1. Identify the organs included in digestive processes.
2. Trace how organs of digestive system work together digestion.
3. Cite the importance of digestive processes.

III. Learning Activities

Activity 1: A Sweet Break!
Directions. Prepare two clear containers (glass/cup), warm water, two pieces of
candies, mortar and pestle (or any hard wood) and towel.
Note: In case that candy is not available, you may use ice cube and crushed ice.

Procedure:
1. Fill the two containers with warm water. Make sure that the amount of water filled in
the glass is just the same. Label the glass A and B.
2. Prepare two pieces of candies. Wrap 1 candy in a towel and crush it using mortar and
pestle or any hard object like a piece of wood.
3. Place one piece of candy (uncrushed) into the glass of warm water labelled A and place
the crushed pieces of candy in the remaining glass of warm water labelled B.
4. Observe how long it takes for the whole candy in a glass A and the crushed pieces of
candy in glass B to dissolve.
5. Record your observation

Guide questions:
1. What does each material used represent in the process of Digestion?
Container (glass/cup)
Warm water
Candies
Mortar and pestle (Hard wood)

2. How does crushing the candy to smaller pieces affects its dissolution?

3. What does crushing the candy represent in the process of digestion?

.
 B. Activity 2: Sequencing the digestive processes

Directions: Using the concepts/phrases below, complete the diagram by

sequencing the different digestive processes with their descriptions.

Legend:

Digestive processes

Organs of the Digestive system

Description of Digestive processes

Digestive process Description Organs

Ingestion

Use
the following concept to complete the
graphic organizer.

For Description of the processes: For Description For Digestive

* Food is taken into the body. organs: Processes:
* Mechanical and chemical breaking
down of large, insoluble food *Mouth *Absorption
molecule into smaller, simpler
pieces. *Large intestine *Digestion
* Removal of undigested food
*Stomach *Egestion/Excreti on
from the body via the anus.
* Distribution and use of products
*Small intestine *Assimilation
of digestion as energy source and
conversion into other substances *Peristalsis
required for growth.
* Soluble food molecules such as *Ingestion
fatty acids, glucose, amino acids
diffuse. through the intestinal wall
into the blood stream.
 Directions. Complete the concept on digestive processes by selecting appropriate word
that matches to a given incomplete statement. Choose your answer from the box below.

C. Activity 3: You Complete Me!

Stomach Chewed Food Energy

Rectum Liver Mouth Liquids
Waist Saliva Large intestine Digestion
System Swallow Tounge Pharynx
Acid Absorbed Small intestine Esophagus

All animals need to eat to get to live. But in order to use this food, they
have to break it down in a process called
. And also, all animals have a group of connected organs called the digestive
.

In humans, the process of digestion begins in the where food is into

small pieces by the teeth. The helps by moving the pieces around. These
pieces are covered by , or spit. The saliva makes the food slippery so that
it is easier to . It also helps to break down the food.

Once the food is swallowed, it passes through the , which is like a gate that
sends food into the and air into the lungs. The food travels down the
esophagus and into to the . Once in the stomach the food is mixed
with and crushed some more.

After spending some time in the stomach, the food is sent to the where
nutrients are . The helps by producing some digestive juices called bile.
Next, the remaining food goes into the
where the are absorbed. The remaining food is called
and it’s pushed into the where it waits before leaving the body.

Activity 4:
Direction: Read and analyze the passage below then answer the following questions.

“According to UNICEF causes of childhood malnutrition can be categorized into

three main underlying factors which are; Household food insecurity which includes
inadequate dietary and nutrient intake, Inadequate care and unhealthy household
environment with unsafe drinking water and Lack of healthcare services”
Questions:
1. Suggest three (3) ways on how to prevent malnutrition among children.
2. What is the relevance of maintaining proper nutrition to the digestive processes?

IV. Rubric
Scoring Rubric for Activity 4:
Criteria 5 3 2 1
Quality of All questions were One question All questions were not No
Answers answered correctly was answered answered correctly response
and correctly and and was given
clearly clearly clearly
Organizati Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are presented No
on of Ideas presented in a presented in an in not organized response
highly organized organized manner was given
manner manner

V. References
Prototype and Contextualized Daily Lesson Plan in Grade 8 Science pp. 34-45 DepEd
Learners’ Module in Science 8 pp.291,297-298
Teacher’s Guide in Science 8 pp. 205-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMc4653928
https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/malnutritiondata.Accessed:30November
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1829-the-human-digestive-system
https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/digestion-and-absorption/absorption-and
https://studylib.net/doc/15569651/use-the-words-in-the-box-to-fillinthestomac