FORMULATING CLAIMS OF FACT, POLICY, AND VALUE
claim
➢ the topic or focus of an argument.
➢ a single statement and not a question.
➢ is against the status quo. (Status quo refers to the situation or state of affairs or general state of things.)
TYPES OF CLAIM
A. claim of fact
➢ a statement that existed. (past)
➢ a statement that exists. (present)
➢ a statement that will exist. (future)
➢ uses factual evidence that is suitable and reliable
➢ an assertion that can be proved or that can be disapproved by factual evidence
Examples:
1. Following health protocols decreases the risk of contaminating coronavirus.
2. Decreasing carbon dioxide emission from car exhaust, manufacturing process, fertilizers, and landfills while slowing
deforestation, may help slow down the process of global warming.
3. The Filipino movie, “Four Sisters and a Wedding” is considered as a meme-lord status, because of the impact of hugot
culture.
4. Modular distance learning is one of the learning modalities to consider in continuing the education of students amidst
the pandemic.
B. claim of value
➢ is based on preference. (like and dislike)
➢ asks someone to make a judgement
➢ expresses approval and disapproval of something
➢ establishes standards on the goodness and badness of something
➢ uses to show that one thing is better than the other
Examples:
1. Online learning is far way better than face-to-face learning.
2. Children who were raised by strict parents are more likely to become independent individuals.
3. Mathematics is more difficult than Science.
4. Death penalty is one of the solutions to lessen the crime rate in the Philippines.
5. Emotional pain is worse than physical pain.
C. claim of policy
➢ indicates that an action must be taken into specific policies
➢ urges that something SHOULD and SHOULD NOT be done/banned/ believed
➢ urges a course of action or suggests that an action should be taken
➢ refers to Problem-Solution Technique.
Examples:
1. Countries which allow legal abortion must be stopped.
2. Social media applications should be banned to minors to avoid cyber bullying and child trafficking.
3. The Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 should be reviewed because it violates freedom of speech.
4. The country should allot most of the budget to the Department of Health to finance the medical expenses of the
increasing number of Covid-19 patients.
5. Parents must also consider not only the intelligence quotient of their children but also their emotional quotient.
Important reminders:
• Your claim must be debatable to support your argument.
• You may combine the three types of claims at once.
• The key for claim of fact is the factual data stated.
• The key for claim of value is the comparison among things, or liking or disliking something or
someone.
• The key for claim of policy is the problem and solution.
