Theory and Design of Structures III
Structural members
Structural members are components of a building that are
responsible to carry loads that arise from weight of structural
and non-structural elements included in the building system and
also able to bear load from live, earthquake and wind.
Those elements could be classified as vertical members and
horizontal members.
The vertical elements comprises of walls and columns.
The horizontal elements comprises of slabs and beams.
Columns
Shear wall
Slabs
Retaining wall
Beams
Load paths
Load path is one of the key considerations in structural design,
and it is about how to bring the load acting on the building to
grounds or foundations.
Understanding the load is very important to select the best fit material
(for tension, compression and others) to resist the kind of load that
arise and to exactly represent with in the analysis and design
model.
Forth Rail Bridge
The designers of the Forth Rail Bridge used their own bodies
to demonstrate how the span of the bridge uses the
cantilever principle.
Replicated here, the bodies of the two men at ground level
are acting as columns (in compression), and their arms are
being pulled (in tension). The sticks are in compression and
are transferring the load back to the chairs.
T = Tension, C = Compression and R = Reaction
Concrete Beams
Horizontal members that are made from concrete and
reinforcement steel bars.
The reinforcement bars are placed in the concrete section in away to
fill the limitations of concrete. (what are those limitation?)
Simple beams
A simply supported beam is one that rests on
two supports and is free to move horizontally
at one of the end while rotation allowed at both
supports. They are statically determinate.
Simple beam
Continuous Beams
Continuous beams, which are beams with more than two supports and
covering more than one span, are statically indeterminate. However,
there are cases of statically indeterminate beams for those that have two
support
They are common in buildings.
Cantilever Beams
A cantilever beam is a rigid structural element that has fixed support at
one end and free at the other.
Commonly found in buildings to support
verandah.
Has application for canopy
Computations
Thank you for your attention.
