AKADEMİK İNGİLİZCE 201 / 301 GEOGRAPHY FALL TERM

UNIT 3 / Systems 2

PART A: READING
TEXT 1. Read the text below and choose the correct answer for each question.
TEXT 1.
In geography, we study different systems. A system is like a group of parts that work together. There
are two main types of systems: energy systems and materials systems.
An energy system uses energy, like the sun warming the Earth. A materials system uses materials,
such as rivers carrying water and rocks.
To keep a system working well, we need to balance the parts. Sometimes, we need to adjust things to
keep everything steady. This is called dynamic equilibrium.
Negative feedback helps keep the system stable. For example, if a room gets too hot, a fan cools it
down. The fan helps counteract the heat and regulate the temperature.
Positive feedback makes changes stronger. For example, if ice melts, it can make the room warmer,
which makes more ice melt. This feedback can reinforce changes.
Each system has smaller parts called subsystems. These subsystems can influence each other.
Together, they help the whole system stay balanced. Understanding how these parts work together
helps us see how systems in nature stay stable.

1. What is an energy system?

a) A system that uses materials
b) A system that uses energy
c) A system that cools down rooms
d) A system that makes ice
2. What is a materials system?
a) A system that makes energy
b) A system that cools the Earth
c) A system that uses materials
d) A system that adjusts temperature
3. What does dynamic equilibrium mean?
a) Making changes stronger
b) Keeping a system balanced and steady
c) Using energy to warm up
d) Cooling down a room
4. What does negative feedback do?
a) Helps keep the system stable
b) Makes changes stronger
c) Increases the temperature
d) Changes materials
5. What is an example of negative feedback in the text?
a) A fan cooling down a room
b) Ice melting in the sun
c) A river carrying water
d) Sun warming the Earth
6. What does positive feedback do?
a) Cools down the system
b) Reinforces and makes changes stronger

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c) Balances the temperature
d) Adjusts energy levels
7. What is a subsystem?
a) A large part of the system
b) A material used in the system
c) A type of energy system
d) A small part of the system
8. How do subsystems help a system?
a) By making energy
b) By using materials
c) By influencing and balancing each other
d) By increasing temperature
9. What does it mean to adjust a system?
a) To increase temperature
b) To make the system change and balance
c) To make materials
d) To warm up the Earth
10. How does understanding systems in geography help us?
a) By understanding how different parts work together
b) By learning to make ice
c) By increasing energy use
d) By cooling down rooms

TEXT 2.
Geography is the study of the Earth and how people live on it. It helps us understand many important
things.
First, geography helps us learn about different places. We can see where mountains, rivers, and cities
are located. This knowledge helps us understand the world around us.
Second, geography teaches us about the environment. We learn how weather and climate affect
different regions. For example, deserts are hot and dry, while rainforests are warm and wet.
Third, geography helps us understand how people and places are connected. We learn about
different cultures and how people live in various parts of the world. This helps us appreciate the
diversity of our planet.
Finally, knowing about geography is important for making good decisions. It helps us prepare for
natural events like floods or earthquakes and understand how to protect our environment.
In summary, geography is important because it helps us learn about places, understand the
environment, connect with different cultures, and make better decisions.
1. What does geography help us learn about?
a) Animals only
b) Plants only
c) The Earth and how people live on it
d) Space only
2. Why is it important to know about different places in geography?
a) To learn about plants
b) To see where mountains, rivers, and cities are located
c) To understand space
d) To study animals
3. What does geography teach us about the environment?

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a) How weather and climate affect different regions
b) How to build cities
c) How to cook food
d) How to travel to space
4. How does geography help us understand different cultures?
a) By studying animals
b) By learning about how people live in various parts of the world
c) By learning to cook different foods
d) By building new cities
5. Why is it important to prepare for natural events like floods or earthquakes?
a) To learn about animals
b) To understand different cultures
c) To make good decisions and protect the environment
d) To study outer space
6. What can geography help us understand about the world?
a) How to cook
b) How to build houses
c) How places, people, and the environment are connected
d) How to grow plants
7. What is one benefit of knowing about geography?
a) It helps us learn about space travel
b) It helps us prepare for natural disasters
c) It helps us cook different foods
d) It helps us learn about animals
8. How does geography help us appreciate diversity?
a) By studying animals
b) By learning about different cultures and how people live around the world
c) By learning to cook new recipes
d) By exploring space

PART B. VOCABULARY
Choose the correct answer for each question below.
1. What does the word "adjust" mean?
a) To make a small change or correction
b) To ignore a problem
c) To create something new
d) To stay the same
2. What does "balance" refer to in a system?
a) Keeping different parts working together in harmony
b) Creating a problem
c) Making things uneven
d) Ignoring feedback
3. What is the meaning of "counteract"?
a) To support a change
b) To reduce the effect of something
c) To create a problem
d) To ignore the effect
4. What does "dynamic equilibrium" mean?

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a) A balanced state where changes are continuously adjusted
b) A state of constant change
c) A situation with no changes
d) A state of complete disorder
5. What is an "energy system"?
a) A system that uses materials to work
b) A system that only adjusts temperature
c) A system that ignores changes
d) A system that uses energy to operate
6. What does "influence" mean?
a) To ignore changes
b) To have an effect on something
c) To reduce the size
d) To balance materials
7. What is a "materials system"?
a) A system that uses energy
b) A system that adjusts temperature
c) A system that uses materials to work
d) A system that creates feedback
8.What does "negative feedback" do?
a) Keeps the system stable by opposing changes
b) Reinforces changes
c) Makes changes stronger
d) Ignores feedback
9. What is "positive feedback"?
a) A type of feedback that opposes changes
b) A type of feedback that makes changes stronger
c) A type of feedback that ignores changes
d) A type of feedback that balances materials
10. What does "regulate" mean in a system?
a) To make changes stronger
b) To ignore changes
c) To control and manage different parts of the system
d) To create new materials
11. What does it mean to "reinforce" something?
a) To weaken the system
b) To make something stronger or more effective
c) To ignore problems
d) To adjust materials
12. What is a "subsystem"?
a) A small part of a system
b) A large part of a system
c) A type of feedback
d) A type of energy

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Match each word with its correct definition:
1. Adjust
2. Balance
3. Counteract
4. Dynamic Equilibrium
5. Energy System
6. Influence
7. Materials System
8. Negative Feedback
9. Positive Feedback
10. Regulate
11. Reinforce
12. Subsystem
Definitions:
a. A system that uses materials to operate
b. A small part of a system
c. To make a small change or correction
d. To keep different parts working together in harmony
e. To reduce the effect of something
f. A system that uses energy to operate
g. To have an effect on something
h. Feedback that makes changes stronger
i. Feedback that opposes changes to keep stability
j. To control and manage different parts of the system
k. A balanced state where changes are continuously adjusted
l. To make something stronger or more effective
C.Fill in the blanks with the correct vocabulary word:
1. To make a small change in a system, you need to ________ it.
2. In a system, keeping different parts working together is called ________.
3. To ________ the effect of something means to reduce it.
4. ________ is a state where changes are continuously adjusted to stay balanced.
5. An ________ system uses energy to operate.
6. The way one part of a system can ________ another part means it affects it.
7. A ________ system uses materials to work.
8. ________ feedback helps keep a system stable by opposing changes.
9. ________ feedback makes changes stronger and more noticeable.
10. To ________ a system means to control and manage its different parts.
11. To ________ something means to make it stronger or more effective.
12. A ________ is a small part of a larger system.
PART C. DIALOGUE
Student: Hi, Ms. Smith! I’m learning about systems in geography. Can you help me understand more?
Teacher: Of course! Systems are groups of parts that work together. Do you know what a system is?
Student: I think so. But what are "energy systems" and "materials systems"?
Teacher: Good question! An energy system uses energy to work. For example, the sun gives energy to
plants. A materials system uses materials to work. For example, a river carries water and rocks.
Student: How do these systems stay balanced?
Teacher: They stay balanced through something called dynamic equilibrium. This means the system
adjusts and keeps everything steady.

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Student: What is negative feedback?
Teacher: Negative feedback helps the system stay stable by opposing changes. For example, if a room
gets too hot, a fan cools it down. The fan helps counteract the heat.
Student: What about positive feedback?
Teacher: Positive feedback makes changes stronger. For example, if ice melts, it can make the room
warmer, which makes more ice melt.
Student: How do we use this information?
Teacher: Knowing about these systems helps us understand how the world works. It helps us make
better decisions and prepare for changes.
Student: That makes sense! Thanks for explaining.
Teacher: You’re welcome! If you have more questions, just ask.
ACTIVITIES
1. Role-Playing Activity
Student: "Can you explain how an energy system works?"
Teacher: "Sure! Imagine you are explaining how a solar panel works. How would you describe it as an
energy system?"
Student Response Example: "A solar panel is an energy system because it uses sunlight to generate
electricity. The sunlight provides energy that is converted into electrical power."
2. True or False
Statement: "A materials system uses energy to operate."
Interactive Task: Decide if the statement is true or false and explain why.
Example Response: "False. A materials system uses materials to work, not energy. For example, a river
carries water and rocks."
3. Fill in the Blanks with a Twist
Sentence: "Dynamic equilibrium means the system is always ________ to stay balanced."
Interactive Task: Choose from these words to fill in the blank: adjust, ignore, stop, create.
Example Response: "Dynamic equilibrium means the system is always adjusting to stay balanced."
4. Match the Definitions
Interactive Task: Match the following terms with their definitions by dragging and dropping or writing
them next to the correct definition.
 Energy System
 Materials System
 Negative Feedback
 Positive Feedback
 Dynamic Equilibrium
Definitions:
a) A system that uses materials to operate
b) Feedback that reinforces or makes changes stronger
c) Feedback that helps keep a system stable by opposing changes
d) A state where the system continuously adjusts to remain balanced
e) A system that uses energy to operate
5. Scenario-Based Questions
Scenario: "Imagine a room gets too hot and a fan is turned on. How does this relate to negative
feedback?"
Interactive Task: Explain how the fan helps keep the room stable and why this is an example of
negative feedback.

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Example Response: "The fan helps keep the room stable by cooling it down when it gets too hot. This
is negative feedback because it opposes the increase in temperature and helps maintain a stable
environment."
6. Discussion Prompt
Prompt: "Why is understanding positive and negative feedback important in systems?"
Interactive Task: Discuss with a partner or write a short paragraph about the importance of feedback
in maintaining balance in systems.
Example Response: "Understanding positive and negative feedback is important because it helps us
manage and control systems. Positive feedback can amplify changes, while negative feedback can
help stabilize and maintain balance, which is crucial for effective system management."
7. Quick Quiz
Question: "Which type of feedback makes changes stronger?"
Interactive Task: Choose the correct answer and provide a brief explanation.
 a) Negative Feedback
 b) Positive Feedback
Example Response: "b) Positive Feedback. It makes changes stronger by reinforcing them, like melting
ice increasing room temperature further."