AKADEMİK İNGİLİZCE 201 / 301 GEOGRAPHY FALL TERM

UNIT 2 / Systems 1

PART A: READING
TEXT 1. Read the text below and choose the correct answer for each question.
TEXT 1

In geography, we talk about systems. A system can be open or closed. An open system lets things in
and out, like a river. Water comes in (input) and goes out (output). A closed system keeps everything
inside, like a jar with a lid.

We use accounting to check what happens in a system from the initial time (the start) to the final
time (the end). The Universal Accounting Equation (UAE) helps us do this by showing how much goes
in, how much changes, and how much is left at the end.

We also look at different amounts in a system. Extensive quantities are amounts that change with
size, like the amount of water. Intensive quantities are amounts that stay the same, like the
temperature.

In a system, we see consumption, like when plants use sunlight, and generation, like when plants
make oxygen. This helps us understand how systems work in geography.

1. What is an open system?

a) A system where nothing goes in or out
b) A system that lets things in and out
c) A system that only lets things in
d) A system that only lets things out
2. Which of the following is an example of an open system?
a) A jar with a lid c) A closed box
b) A river d) A sealed bottle
3. What is a closed system?
a) A system where things can go in and out
b) A system that keeps everything inside
c) A system that only lets things in
d) A system that only lets things out
4. What does accounting help us do in a system?
a) Change the system's size
b) Check what happens from start to end
c) Add more inputs to the system
d) Remove outputs from the system
5. What does the Universal Accounting Equation (UAE) help us check?
a) How big the system is
b) How much goes in, changes, and is left at the end
c) The temperature of the system
d) The color of the system
6. What is an extensive quantity?
a) An amount that stays the same
b) An amount that changes with size
c) An amount that changes with color
d) An amount that stays inside the system

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7. What is an intensive quantity?
a) An amount that changes with size
b) An amount that stays the same
c) An amount that depends on color
d) An amount that only increases
8. What is an example of consumption in a system?
a) Plants using sunlight
b) Plants growing in the dark
c) Water flowing out of a river
d) Water staying in a closed system
9. What does generation mean in a system?
a) Using up resources c) Storing things inside
b) Making new things d) Letting things out
10. Why is it important to understand systems in geography?
a) To know what goes in, happens inside, and comes out
b) To measure the color of systems
c) To close all systems
d) To avoid using any system

TEXT 2.

In geography, we learn about systems. A system is like a group of things that work together.
Understanding systems helps us see how the world works.

When we know about systems, we can understand what happens in nature. For example, we can see
how water moves from the ocean to the sky and then falls as rain. This helps us understand why it
rains and how rivers flow.

We also learn how people use systems. Farmers use water and sunlight to grow food. Factories use
energy to make things. By understanding these systems, we can make better choices to help the
environment.

Knowing about systems helps us solve problems. If we understand how a system works, we can find
ways to make it better. This is important for keeping our planet healthy.

In short, understanding systems in geography helps us know more about nature and how we can take
care of the Earth.

1. What is a system in geography?

a) A single object
b) A group of things that work together
c) A type of weather
d) A place to store food
2. Why is it important to understand systems in nature?
a) To know why the sun shines
b) To understand how the world works
c) To find lost items
d) To predict what animals will do
3. What is an example of a natural system mentioned in the text?
a) A tree growing in a garden
b) Water moving from the ocean to the sky and falling as rain

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c) People traveling to work
d) A book on a shelf
4. How do farmers use systems?
a) By planting trees
b) By using water and sunlight to grow food
c) By building houses
d) By selling food at markets
5. Why is it important to understand how systems work in factories?
a) To know what products they make
b) To make better choices to help the environment
c) To learn how to build factories
d) To find out how many workers are needed
6. How can understanding systems help us solve problems?
a) By finding lost items
b) By making systems better
c) By learning new languages
d) By decorating houses
7. Why is understanding systems important for our planet?
a) To keep the Earth healthy
b) To build more factories
c) To grow more trees
d) To predict the weather
PART B. VOCABULARY
1. Choose the correct answer for each question below.
1.What does the word "accounting" mean in the context of systems?
a) Counting money
b) Checking what happens in a system from start to end
c) Writing a report
d) Making a list of items
2. Which term describes a system that lets things in and out?
a) Closed system c) Final system
b) Open system d) Initial system
3. What is a "closed system"?
a) A system where things can go in and out
b) A system that keeps everything inside
c) A system that changes with size
d) A system that only lets things out
4.What does "consumption" mean in a system?
a) Making new things c) Measuring temperature
b) Using resources like energy or food d) Storing items
5.What is an "extensive quantity"?
a) An amount that stays the same
b) An amount that changes with size
c) An amount that depends on color
d) An amount that increases over time
6.What does the word "final" refer to in a system?
a) The start of something c) The middle part
b) The end of something d) The largest part

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7.What does "generation" mean in the context of systems?
a) Using up resources
b) Making new things, like energy or products
c) Removing items
d) Measuring quantity
8. What does "initial" mean in a system?
a) The end point c) The starting point
b) The middle part d) The largest part
9. What is an "input" in a system?
a) Something that comes out of a system
b) Something that goes into a system
c) A change in the system
d) A final product
10.What is an "intensive quantity"?
a) An amount that stays the same, no matter the size
b) An amount that changes with size
c) An amount that increases over time
d) An amount that depends on temperature
11.Which term describes something that comes out of a system?
a) Input c) Intensive quantity
b) Output d) Extensive quantity
12.What does the "Universal Accounting Equation (UAE)" help us understand?
a) How to calculate money
b) How much goes in, changes, and comes out of a system
c) How to measure temperature
d) How to write a report
2. Match the words on the left with their correct definitions on the right:
1. Accounting
2. Closed system
3. Consumption
4. Extensive quantity
5. Final
6. Generation
7. Initial
8. Input
9. Intensive quantity
10. Open system
11. Output
12. Universal Accounting Equation (UAE)

a) The start or beginning point of something

b) A system where nothing goes in or out
c) Using resources like energy or food
d) The end point of something
e) Something that goes into a system
f) An amount that stays the same, no matter the size
g) A system that allows things to enter and leave
h) Making new things, like energy or products

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i) An amount that changes with the size of the system
j) Checking what happens in a system from start to end
k) Something that comes out of a system
l) A formula that helps track how much goes in, changes, and is left in a system

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the list:
accounting, closed system, consumption, extensive quantity, final, generation, initial, input,
intensive quantity, open system, output, Universal Accounting Equation (UAE)
1. At the ________ stage, we see the first steps of the system.
2. An ________ is something that goes into the system to start a process.
3. A system that allows things to enter and leave is called an ________.
4. When the process is complete, we have the ________ result.
5. The energy used by plants for growth is an example of ________.
6. ________ refers to making new things, like energy or products, within the system.
7. The ________ of a system is something that comes out after the process is finished.
8. We use ________ to track what happens in the system from start to end.
9. A ________ is a system that does not allow anything to enter or leave.
10. An amount that changes with the size of the system is called an ________.
11. An amount that stays the same, no matter the size of the system, is an ________.
12. The ________ helps us understand how much goes in, changes, and is left in a system.

PART C. DIALOGUE
Title: Talking About Systems in Geography
Student: Good morning, teacher!
Teacher: Good morning! How can I help you today?
Student: I have a question about systems in geography.
Teacher: Sure! What do you want to know?
Student: What is an open system?
Teacher: An open system is something that lets things go in and out. For example, a river is an
open system. Water flows into the river, and water flows out.
Student: Oh, I see! And what is a closed system?
Teacher: A closed system is different. It doesn’t let anything in or out. Imagine a jar with a lid.
Nothing can get in, and nothing can get out.
Student: That makes sense. What is input and output in a system?
Teacher: Good question! Input is what goes into the system. For example, water coming into a
river. Output is what comes out of the system, like water flowing out of the river.
Student: What about accounting in a system? What does it mean?
Teacher: In geography, accounting means checking what happens in a system from the start to
the end. We look at the initial amount, what changes inside, and the final amount.
Student: And what is the Universal Accounting Equation?
Teacher: The Universal Accounting Equation, or UAE, helps us understand how much goes in,
changes, and comes out of a system. It’s a way to keep track of everything.
Student: That’s interesting! Thank you, teacher!
Teacher: You’re welcome! Keep up the good work!

Choose the correct answer.

1. What is an open system?

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a) A system where nothing goes in or out
b) A system that lets things go in and out
c) A system that only lets things out
d) A system that only lets things in
2. Which example is given for an open system?
a) A closed jar
b) A river
c) A sealed bottle
d) A book on a shelf
3.What is a closed system?
a) A system that lets things in and out
b) A system with no changes
c) A system that does not let anything in or out
d) A system that only allows input
4.What does "input" mean in a system?
a) Something that comes out of the system
b) Something that goes into the system
c) A change in the system
d) The final amount in the system
5. What is the Universal Accounting Equation (UAE) used for?
a) To calculate the temperature
b) To track how much goes in, changes, and comes out of a system
c) To measure the size of the system
d) To find out the color of the system
6. What does "final" refer to in a system?
a) The beginning point
b) The middle point
c) The end point
d) The largest part

Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the list:
open system, closed system, input, output, accounting, Universal Accounting Equation (UAE),
initial, final

1. An ________ is a system that allows things to go in and out, like a river.

2. A ________ system does not let anything enter or leave, like a sealed jar.
3. The water coming into the river is called the ________ of the system.
4. The water that flows out of the river is called the ________ of the system.
5. In geography, ________ means checking what happens in a system from the start to the end.
6. The ________ of the system is the amount at the end after all changes.
7. The ________ amount is the starting point of the system before any changes occur.
8. The ________ helps us understand how much goes in, changes, and comes out of a system.