THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY

SERKKADU, VELLORE–632115

M.Sc. BIO TECHNOLOGY

SYLLABUS

FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR

2023 – 2024

P13
TANSCHE REGULATIONS ON LEARNING OUTCOMES-BASED CURRICULUM
FRAMEWORK FOR POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
Programme M.Sc. BIO-TECHNOLOGY
Programme
Code
Duration PG – 2 YEARS
Programme PO1: Problem Solving Skill
Outcomes Apply knowledge of Management theories and Human Resource practices
(Pos) to solve business problems through research in Global context.
PO2: Decision Making Skill
Foster analytical and critical thinking abilities for data-based decision-
making.
PO3: Ethical Value
Ability to incorporate quality, ethical and legal value-based perspectives to
all organizational activities.
PO4: Communication Skill
Ability to develop communication, managerial and interpersonal skills.
PO5: Individual and Team Leadership Skill
Capability to lead themselves and the team to achieve organizational goals.
PO6: Employability Skill
Inculcate contemporary business practices to enhance employability skills
in the competitive environment.
PO7: Entrepreneurial Skill
Equip with skills and competencies to become an entrepreneur.
PO8: Contribution to Society
Succeed in career endeavors and contribute significantly to society.
PO 9 Multicultural competence
Possess knowledge of the values and beliefs of multiple cultures and
a global perspective.
PO 10: Moral and ethical awareness/reasoning
Ability to embrace moral/ethical values in conducting one’s life.
Programme PSO1 – Placement
Specific To prepare the students who will demonstrate respectful engagement with
Outcomes others’ ideas, behaviors, beliefs and apply diverse frames of reference to
(PSOs) decisions and actions.
PSO 2 - Entrepreneur
To create effective entrepreneurs by enhancing their critical thinking,
problem solving, decision making and leadership skill that will facilitate
startups and high potential organizations.
PSO3 – Research and Development
Design and implement HR systems and practices grounded in research that
comply with employment laws, leading the organization towards growth
and development.
PSO4 – Contribution to Business World
To produce employable, ethical and innovative professionals to sustain in
the dynamic business world.
PSO 5 – Contribution to the Society
To contribute to the development of the society by collaborating with
stakeholders for mutual benefit.

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 Template for P.G., Programmes
Semester–I Credit Hours Semester-II Credit Hours Semester-III Credit Hours Semester–IV Credit Hours
1.1. Core-I 4 5 2.1. Core-IV 3 4 3.1. Core-VII 5 6 4.1. Core-XI 5 6

1.2 Core-II 4 5 2.2 Core-V 4 4 3.2 Core- 5 6 4.2 Core-XII 5 6

VIII

1.3 Core – III 3 5 2.3 Core – 4 4 3.3 Core – 5 6 4.3 Project with 7 10
VI IX viva voce

1.4 Core 3 5 2.4 Core 3 4 3.4 Core – X 4 6 4.4. Elective - 3 4

practical I practical II VI (Industry /
Entrepreneurship
)
20% Theory
80% Practical
1.5 Discipline 3 5 2.5 3 4 3.5 3 3 4.5 Skill 2 4
Centric Discipline Discipline Enhancement
Elective -I Centric Centric course /
Elective – III Elective - V Professional
Competency
Skill
1.6 Generic 3 5 2.6 Generic 3 4 3.6 NME II 2 3 4.6 Extension 1
Elective-II: Elective -IV: Activity
2.7 NME I 2 4 3.7 2
Internship/
Industrial
Activity
Human 2 2
Rights
MOOC 2 -
course
-
20 30 26 30 26 30 23 30
Total Credit Points -95

3
 Choice Based Credit System (CBCS), Learning Outcomes Based Curriculum
Framework (LOCF) Guideline Based Credits and Hours Distribution System
for all Post – Graduate Courses including Lab Hours

First Year – Semester – I

Part List of Courses Credits No. of
Hours
Core – I 4 5
Core – II 4 5
Core – III 3 5
Core practical – I 3 5
Elective – I 3 5
Elective – II 3 5
20 30
Semester-II
Part List of Courses Credits No. of
Hours
Core – IV 3 4
Core – V 4 4
Core – VI 4 4
Core practical – II 3 4
Elective – III 3 4
Elective – IV 3 4
Skill Enhancement Course [SEC] – I (NME) 2 4
Human Rights 2 2
MOOC course 2 -
26 30
Second Year – Semester – III
Part List of Courses Credits No. of
Hours
Core – VII 5 6
Core – VIII 5 6
Core – IX 5 6
Core (Industry Module) – X 4 6
Elective – V 3 3
Skill Enhancement Course - II 2 3
Internship / Industrial Activity [Credits] 2 -
26 30
Semester-IV
Part List of Courses Credits No. of
Hours
Core – XI 5 6
Core – XII 5 6
Project with VIVA VOCE 7 10
Elective – VI (Industry Entrepreneurship) 3 4
Skill Enhancement Course – III / Professional Competency Skill 2 4
Extension Activity 1 -
23 30
Total 95 Credits for PG Courses
Learning Outcomes based approach to Curriculum Planning:
The Learning Outcomes based approach to Curriculum planning aims to factor in on the
aptitude, interests and strengths of the students during their progress through the coursework
and at the same time focus on overall student attainment. The main objective of the learning
outcomes based framework is to better equip the students in their pursuit of knowledge, with
the required employability skills, innovation in research and entrepreneurship skills. The
course is so designed with practical work that will help students to apply their theoretical
knowledge in experimenting and exploring. The curriculum envisions that the student, once
graduates as specialists in a discipline, have an important role to play in the newer
developments and innovations in the future in the subject for the advancement of the
discipline.

Graduate Attributes in Biotechnology:

Graduate attributes are the high-level qualities, skills and understandings that a student
should gain as a result of the learning and experiences. They equip students and graduates for
lifelong personal development, learning and to be successful in society. Students will be
equipped to be active citizens both nationally and globally. The students graduating in
biotechnology should also develop excellent communication skills both in the written as well
as spoken language which are a must for them to pursue higher studies from some of the best
and internationally acclaimed universities and research institutions spread across the globe.
The graduate attributes reflect both disciplinary knowledge and understanding, generic skills,
including global competitiveness all students in different academic fields of study should
acquire/attain and demonstrate. Some of the characteristic attributes that a graduate should
demonstrate are as follows
• Leadership Readiness
• Moral and ethical awareness/reasoning.
• Multicultural Competence.
• Life–long Learning.
• Communication Skills.
• Critical thinking.
• Problem-solvingng.
• Research-related skills.
• Scientific reasoning.
• Self-directed learning.
• Disciplinary knowledge.

Qualification Descriptors:
Upon successful completion of the course, the students receive an M.Sc. degree in
Biotechnology. Biotechnology postgraduates of this department are expected to branch out
into different paths of seeking advanced research-based knowledge, professional
employment, or entrepreneurship that they find fulfilling. They will be able to demonstrate
knowledge as well as skills in diverse fields of Biotechnology. This will provide a
foundation, which shall help them to embark on research careers by attaining doctoral
positions in coveted institutions, as well as securing employment in research projects in
industry or institutes. Besides research, they can get suitable teaching positions in Colleges
and Universities as Assistant professors after qualifying National Eligibility Test (NET). It is
expected that besides the skills specific to the discipline, the wider life skills of analysis,
logical reasoning, scientific aptitude, communication skills, research and life ethics, and

2
moral values will be inculcated in the students. The list below provides a synoptic overview
of possible career paths provided by postgraduate training in Biotechnology:
• Biotechnology entrepreneurship
• Patents and Law
• Scientific Writing and Editing
• Document preparation and publication
• Research
• Industry
• Teaching
• Administration and Policy Making
• Scientific Communication

Teaching-learning process
The Learning Outcomes-Based Approach to curriculum planning and transaction requires
that the teaching-learning processes are oriented towards enabling students to attain the
defined learning outcomes relating to the courses within a programme. The outcome-based
approach, particularly in the context of undergraduate studies, requires a significant shift
from teacher-centric to learner-centric pedagogies, and from passive to active/participatory
pedagogies. Planning for teaching therein becomes critical. Every programme of study lends
itself to a well-structured and sequenced acquisition of knowledge and skills. Practical skills,
including an appreciation of the link between theory and experiment, will constitute an
important aspect of the teaching-learning process. Teaching methods, guided by such a
framework, may include:
Classroom Teaching for intensely information-based topics. This is a very
regular feature of all the courses in Biotechnology.
PowerPoint slides for topics that involve information and use of PowerPoint
presentations are also made whenever the lectures are to be summarized in a crisp and point-
wise manner to highlight salient/important conclusions from the topics.
Classroom Discussions are a regular feature while teaching. The students are
drawn into impromptu discussions by the teacher during the process of teaching.
Video Displaying, both real-time and animations, are used for topics that require
3D dimensional viewing of the biological mechanisms to drive the point home. These have
proved to be very helpful while teaching concepts of molecular biology like DNA replication,
transcription and translation.
Model Making is also used especially for understanding and building a perception
of the students.
Laboratory Practical are an integral part of every course included in the PG
programme in Biotechnology. The is also a daily affair for PG students of Biotechnology.
Problem Solving is encouraged during the laboratory work.
Group Activity as well as discussions with the laboratory supervisor/ among the
students themselves/ Mentor is also encouraged during laboratory work.
Project Work is included in the programme where students work individually or
in groups to design experiments to solve/answer a problem suggested by the Mentor or
identified by the students in consultation with the Mentor. The students are mentored
regularly during the duration of the project.
Presentations by the Students are regularly done. The students are mentored in
the presentation of data, interpretation of data and articulation with the
students/teachers/Research Scholars during their presentation.
Presentations by Experts in different specialties of Biotechnology are arranged
to broaden the horizons of the students.

3
 Interaction with Experts is also encouraged during/after presentations to
satisfy/ignite the curiosities of the students related to developments in the different areas of
Biotechnology.
Visit to Industries/Laboratories related to Biotechnology like fermentation,
food, pharmaceuticals; diagnostics etc. are organized to acquaint the students with real-life
working environments of the professional biotechnologist with a view to broadening their
perspective on the subject of Biotechnology.
Assessment methods
The students of PG Biotechnology program must achieve the desired results in terms of the
learning outcomes to be professionally sound and competitive in a global society. Achieving
the desired learning outcomes is also imperative in terms of job employment leading to a
happy and prosperous individual further leading to a happy and prosperous family and
thereby a happy and prosperous society or nation. The assessment tasks are pivotal to getting
authentic feedback for the teaching-learning process and mid-course corrections and further
improvements in the future. The assessment tasks are carried out at various stages of the
duration of the PG Biotechnology programme like Mid-term assessments, End-term
assessments, Semester examinations, Regular assessments, viva-voce, etc. The assessment
tasks are listed below:-
Short-Answer Questions during term and semester examinations are used to assess
the ability of the student to convey his thoughts in a coherent way where prioritization of the
information in terms of their significance is tested.
Problem Solving questions are generally given during the laboratory work.
Surprise Quizzes are regularly used during continuous assessment while the
teaching-learning process is continuing which prepares the student to quickly recall
information or quickly analyze a problem and come up with proper solutions.
Impromptu Opinions on biotechnological problems are sought from student during
regular teaching-learning which help them to think quickly in a given context. This help build
their ability to come up with solutions to problems that the students might not have
confronted previously.
Data Interpretation is also another assessment task that is used to develop the
analytical skills of the students. This assessment is used during laboratory work as well as
during project work.
Analytical Skills are assessed during work related to several experiments like enzyme
kinetics, growth of bacteria and Bacteriophages, and mutation frequencies.
Paper/ Project presentations are used to assess the articulation skills of the student.
These are carried out both during the duration of the teaching-learning processes as well as
during end-Semester examinations.
Report Writing is used to assess the keenness of the students for details related to
Biotechnology while visiting laboratories/industries as students invariably are required to
submit a report after such visits.
Assignment Writing is used to assess the writing abilities of the students during
midterm vacations.
Viva-voce during the laboratory working hours and during laboratory, examinations
are used to assess the overall knowledge and intelligence of the students.
Key Words:
Biotechnology, Teaching, Learning outcomes, Curriculum, Curriculum Framework,
Programme outcomes, Course outcomes, PG Programme, Postgraduate programme,
Teaching-learning processes, Assessment Tasks, Evaluation Tasks, Online Courses,
MOOCS, SWAYAM, UGC, India, Higher Education Institutions.

******************

4
3. COURSE OF STUDY AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS:
FIRST SEMESTER

Credits
Max. Marks

Hours
Inst.
Course Exam
S .No. Name of Course
Components HRS CIA External
1 Core Paper-1 Biochemistry 5 4 3 25 75
2 Core Paper-2 Molecular Genetics 5 4 3 25 75
3 Core Paper-3 Molecular Cell Biology 5 3 3 25 75

4 Core practical (A) Biochemistry 5 3 4 25 75

-1 (B) Molecular Genetics
(C) Molecular Cell
biology
5 Elective -I Bioinstrumentation 5 3 3 25 75
6 Elective-II Enzymology 5 3 3 25 75
Total Credits : 20

SECOND SEMESTER

Credits
Max. Marks
Hours
Inst.

Course Exam
S. No. Name of Course
Components HRS CIA External
7 Core Paper-4 Microbiology 4 3 3 25 75
8 Core Paper-5 Plant and Animal 4 4 3 25 75
Biotechnology
9 Core Paper-6 Genetic Engineering 4 4 3 25 75

10 Core practical (A) Microbiology 4 3 4 25 75

-2 (B) Plant and Animal
Biotechnology
(C) Genetic Engineering
11 Elective Paper- Regulatory affairs and 4 3 3 25 75
3 Industrial standards (or)
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
12 Elective Paper- Environmental Biotechnology 4 3 3 25 75
4
13 Skill Tissue Engineering 4 2 3 25 75
Enhancement I
14 Human Rights 2 2 3 25 75
MOOC course - 2 3 100
Total 30 26

5
 THIRD SEMESTER

Credits
Max. Marks

Hours
Inst.
S. No. Course Exam CIA External
Components Name of Course HRS
15 Core Paper-7 Bioinformatics 6 5 3 25 75
16 Core Paper-8 Immunology 6 5 3 25 75
17 Core Paper-9 Bioprocess Technology 6 5 3 25 75
18 Core Paper-10 Practical – III 6 4 25 75
Practical-III (A) Bioinformatics 4
(B) Immunology
(C) Bioprocess Technology
19 Elective Paper-5 Nano Biotechnology (OR) 3 3 3 25 75
Molecular Developmental
Biology
20 Skill Gene Manipulation Technology 3 2 3 25 75
Enhancement II
21 **Internship Internship in Industries to
Biotechnology 0 2 - - 100
Field (food / clinical trial/
dairy/ aqusciences,
pharmaceutical)
CSIR/DBT/DST research
laboratories
Total 30 26

FOURTH SEMESTER

Max. Marks
Credits
Hours

Exam
Inst.

hrs
S. Course Components Name of Course
No. CIA External
22 Core Paper-11 Research Methodology 6 5 3 25 75
23 Core Paper-12 Biostatistics 6 5 3 25 75
24 Project Work & Vive Dissertation 10 7 60 *240
Voce
25 Elective - VI Industrial Effluent Treatment / 4 3 3 25 75
Industry / Biofertilizers and Organic Farming/
Entrepreneurship Bioentrepreneurship
20% Theory
80% Practical
26 Skill Enhancement Stem Cell Biology (or) Bioethics, 4 2 3 25 75
course / Professional Human Rights and Social Issues
Competency Skill
Extension Activity - 1
Total 30 23

* 40-work book, 150 Dissertation+ 50- Viva

6
 FIRST SEMESTER

Core Paper-1
BIOCHEMISTRY

Paper – 1
Title of the paper BIOCHEMISTRY Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 1st 1st 4

Learning Objectives:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of all the Biochemical concepts,
Metabolic reactions and its regulation. The student will get to understand the core concepts of
metabolism and physiological processes of the body in both healthy and disease state.

Course outcomes:
At the end of the Course, the Student will be able to:
CO-1 To understand the basics of pH and related principles and carbohydrate metabolism.
CO-2 To provide basic knowledge about lipid metabolism and related significance.
CO-3 To enlighten the students on Bio-energetics and Biological oxidation pathways.
CO-4 To update the knowledge on Amino acids and Protein.
CO-5 To assess and appraise the role of Nucleic acids.

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-1 | BIOCHEMISTRY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
pH, pK . acid, base .Buffers- Henderson- Haselbach equation,
biological buffer system –Phosphate buffer system, protein
buffer system, bicarbonate buffer system, amino acid buffer
CO1
I system and Hb buffer system. Water, Carbohydrates: 15 K1&k2
Nomenclature, classification, structure, chemical and physical
properties of carbohydrates. Metabolisms: glycogenesis,
glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway
Lipids: Nomenclature, classification, structure, chemical and
physical properties of fatty acids. Metabolisms: biosynthesis
K1,K2 &
II of fatty acids, triglycerols, phospholipids, glycol lipids. 15 CO2
K3
Cholesterol biosynthesis, bile acids and salt formation.
Eicosanoids, sphingolipids and steroid hormones.
Bioenergetics – Concept of energy, Principle of
thermodynamics, Relationship between standard free energy
and Equilibrium constant, ATP as universal unit of free
energy in Biological systems. Biological oxidation: Electron
CO3 K1,K2 &
III transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, citric 15
K3
acid cycle, cori.s cycle, glyoxalate pathway. Oxidation of
fatty acids- mitochondrial and peroxisomal ß-oxidation, alpha
and beta oxidation, oxidation of unsaturated and odd chain
fatty acids, ketone bodies.
Amino acids and Protein: Nomenclature, Classification, K1,K2 &
IV 15
structure, chemical and physical properties of amino acids and CO4 K3

7
 proteins. Metabolisms: Biosynthesis of amino acids.
Degradation of proteins, nitrogen metabolisms and carbon
skeleton of amino acids. Over all in born error metabolisms
Nucleic acids: Nomenclature, Classification, structure,
chemical and physical properties of purine and pyrimidines.
K1,K2 &
V In de novo and salvage synthesis of purines, pyrimidine bases, 15 CO5
K3
nucleosides and nucleotides. Catabolisms of purines and
pyrimidines bases. Synthetic analogues of nitrogenous bases

Reference books:
• Philip Kuchel, Simon Easterbrook-Smith, Vanessa Gysbers, Jacqui M. Matthews, 2011.
Schaum.s Outline of Biochemistry, Third Edition (Schaum.s Outline Series), McGraw-Hill.
• Sathyanarayana.U and U.Chakrapani., 2011. Biochemistry. Books and Allied private limited,
Kolkata.
• Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, 2010. Biochemistry, Seventh Edition, W.
H. Freeman.
• Albert Lehninger, David L. NelsonVoet Donald, Judith G.Voet and Charlotte W.Pratt., 2008.
Principles of Biochemistry. John Wiley and sons, Inc., New Jersey.
• Michael M. Cox, 2008. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, W. H. Freeman
publishers.

Useful web sites:

• mcdb-webarchive.mcdb.ucsb.edu/.../biochemistry/.../website-tourf.htm
• www.biochemweb.org/
• http://golgi.harvard.edu/biopages.html
• webarchive.mcdb.ucsb.edu/sears/biochemistry/info/website-

8
 Core Paper-2
MOLECULAR GENETICS
Paper – 2
Title of the paper MOLECULAR GENETICS Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 1st 1st 4

Learning outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of all the Genetics concepts,
molecules and its regulation. The student will get to understand the core concepts of
molecules and genetics.
Course outcomes:
At the end of the Course, the Student will be able to:
CO-1 To acquire good knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of gene expression
and understand the theories behind the organization and functions of genetic
material in the living world.
CO-2 Identify and distinguish genetic regulatory mechanisms at different levels and
explain the processes behind mutations and other genetic changes and study various
chromosomal abnormalities.
CO-3- Make the students understand different range of DNA damage and range of their
tools for their detection an.
CO-4 Learn the concepts of the transposons and their applications.
CO-5 Detects the Allele frequencies and genotype frequencies in populations and
describe the concepts behind the theory of evolution

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-2 | MOLECULAR GENETICS

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Genes and chromosomes, Colinearity of Genes and Proteins,
Genetic code, Identification of DNA as the genetic material.
The complexity of eukaryotic genome (introns, exons, CO1 K1,K2 &
I 15
repetitive DNA sequence, gene duplication and pseudogenes). K3
DNA markers -VNTR, STR, microsatellite, SNP and their
detection techniques
Replication of DNA, Gene expression and regulation in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mutation: Spontaneous and virus
induced mutation, Radiation induced mutation. Ionizing K1,K2
II 15 CO2
radiation, UV radiation. Chromosomal Abnormalities and &K3
associated genetic diseases, Techniques in the study of
chromosomes and their applications, Recombination – models
DNA Damage and Repair-Internal and external agents causing
DNA damages. DNA damages (Oxidative damages,
Depurinations, Depyrimidinations, O6-methylguanines,
Cytosine deamination, single and double strand breaks).
CO3 K1,K2
III Mechanisms of DNA damage (transition, transversion, 15
&K3
frameshift, nonsense mutations). Repair mechanisms (Photo
reactivation, excision repair, mismatch repair, post replication
repair, SOS repair). Discovery: Early experiments of
McClintock in maize. Insertion sequences in prokaryotes.

9
 Complex transposons (ex. Tn3, Tn5, Tn9 and Tn10).
Mechanisms, control consequences and application of
transposition by simple and complex elements
Allele frequencies and genotype frequencies, Random mating
population, Hardy-Weinberg principle, complications of
dominance, special cases of random mating – multiple alleles,
different frequencies between sexes (autosomal and X-linked)
IV 15 CO4 K1 &K2
inbreeding, genetics and evolution, random genetic drift,
Karyotyping and usefulness of chromosomes in understanding
Genetic variation, Genetics of eukaryotes gene linkage and
chromosome mapping.
Extrachromosomal heredity: Biology of Plasmids, their
discovery, types and structure of F.RTH. col factors and Ti –
Replication and partitioning, Incompatibility and copy number K1,K2 &
V 15
control-natural and artificial plasmid transfer and their CO5 K3
applications- Human Genome Project, Genomics and Modern
methodologies in understanding genome.

References:
• Principles of Genetics- 8th Edition, Gardner, Simmons and Snustad, 2002.
• The Cell- A Molecular Approach. 3rd Edition. Geoffrey M. Cooper, Robert E. Hausman,
2003.
• Genetics- Kavitha B. Ahluwalia, New Age International Pvt Ltd and Publishers, New Delhi,
2010
• Genetics – P.S Verma and A.K Agarwal (Rack 3, Central Library)
• Robert Brooker.2011. Genetics- Analysis and Principles. 4th edition. McGraw Hill.
• Leland Hartwell,Leroy Hood, Michael Goldberg, Ann Reynolds, Lee Silver,2010.Genetics:
From Genes to Genomes, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill.
• Rastogi Smita and Neelam Pathak.,2010. Genetic Engineering, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi. (Rack 3, Central Library)
• Watson, Hopkins, Roberts, Steitz, Weiner, 2004. Molecular Biology of Genes, 4th Edition.
• DNA markers Protocols, applications and overviews Anolles G. C. & Gresshoff P. M.
Wiley-Liss
• Molecular markers in Plant Genetics and Biotechnology Vienne De. D. Science Publishers
• Genetics of Population Hedrick P.W. Jones & Bartlett 4 Principle of Population Genetics
Hartl D. L. and Clark A. G. Sinauer Associates

10
 Core Paper-3
MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Paper – 3
Title of the paper MOLECULAR CELL Subject code:
BIOLOGY
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 1st 1st 3

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of all the Cell biology concepts,
molecules and its regulation. The student will get to understand the core concepts of
molecules and cell biology.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 To understanding of the molecular machinery of living cells and the principles that
govern the structures of macromolecules and their participation in molecular
recognition.
CO-2 Identify the structures and purposes of basic components in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells and their molecular mechanism
CO-3- Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles and basic mechanisms
of nuclear envelope and its functions.
CO-4 Understand the metabolic pathways and the process of transmission of extracellular
signals
CO-5 Demonstrate the operation of various microscopes and microtomy in the laboratory

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-3 | MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Introduction to cell Biology- Basic properties of cells-Cellular
dimension-Size of cells and their composition-Cell origin and
Evolution (Endosymbiotic theory)–Microscopy- Light
Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Application of Electron
Microscopy in cell biology, Phase Contrast Microscopy,
Fluorescence Microscopy, Flow Cytometry and FRET CO1 K1,K2
I 15
.Organelles of the eukaryotic cell and its functions; &K3
Biomembranes - structural organization, transport across
membrane (Passive, Active and Bulk transport); Cell-Cell
adhesion- Cell junctions (Tight junctions, gap junctions,
desmosomes, adherens); Extra cellular matrix (ECM)-
components and role of ECM in growth
Structure of Nucleic acids, Genome organization in Eukaryotes,
DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation and post
translational Modification. Synthesis, sorting and trafficking of
proteins: site of synthesis of organelle and membrane proteins – K1,K2
II 15 CO2
transport of secretary and membrane proteins across ER – post- &K3
translational modification in RER – transport to mitochondria,
nucleus, chloroplast and peroxisome - protein glycosylation –
mechanism and regulation of vesicular transport – golgi and

11
 post-golgi sorting and processing – receptor mediated
endocytosis; Synthesis of membrane lipids.
Nucleus: Nuclear envelope – Nuclear pore complexes-nuclear
matrix – organization of chromatin – supercoiling, linking
number, twist - nucleosome and high order of folding and K1,K2
III 15 CO3
organization of chromosome(Solenoid and Zigzag model)- &K3
Global structure of chromosome –(Lamp brush and polytene
chromosomes).
Molecular basis of eukaryotic cell cycle, Regulation and cell
cycle check points; Programmed cell death (Apoptosis); Cell-
K1, K2 &
IV Cell signaling-signaling molecules, types of signaling, signal 15 CO4
K3
transduction pathways (GPCR-cAMP, IP3 , RTK, MAP
Kinase, JAK-STAT, Wnt Pathway).
Cancer Biology: Multistage cancer development Mitogens,
carcinogens, oncogenes and proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor K1,K2 &
V 15
genes-Rb, CO5 K3
p 53, Apoptosis and significance of apoptosis.

References
• Karp, G., 2009, Cell and Molecular Biology, Sixth edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
• David E.Sadva., 2009. Cell biology organelles structure and function, CBS publishers and
distributors, New Delhi.
• Prakash S. Lohar , 2009. Cell and Molecular Biology.
• Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, 2007.,Molecular Biology of
the Cell, Fifth edition. Garland Science.
• Lodish,H., Berk, A., Zipursky, S.L., Matsudaira, P., Kaiser, A., Krieger, Scott and Darnell, J.
2007. Molecular Cell Biology. Media Connected, sixth edition. W.H.Freeman and Company
• Geoffrey.M.Cooper, Robert.E.Hausman.2007.The Cell-A Molecular Approach, Fourth
edition. Sinauer Associates. •
• Luiz Carlos Uchoa, Janqueira, Jose, Carneiro. 2005. Basic HistologyText and Atlas.
McGraw-Hill Professional.
• Paul A, 2001, Text Book Of Cell And Molecular Biology 2edition Niyogi Books •
• T.Fleming. 2002. Cell interactions: A practical approach Second edition.
• Alberts B, Molecular Cell Biology. 8. Casimeris et al., Lewin’s cells. Jones and Bartlett.
• Plopper, Principles of cell Biology. Jones and Bartlett.
• Gartner, Cell Biology and Histology. LWW.
• Pollard et al., Cell Biology. Sounders.
• Copper, The Cell a Molecular approach. Sinauer

12
 Core practical-I
(Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics & Molecular Cell biology)

Paper – 4
Title of the paper PRACTICAL-I Subject code:
(Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics &
Molecular Cell biology)
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Practical 1st 1st 3

Learning Outcome:
The practical will establish a basic study skills on the subject and will improve the student’s
ability to calculate and improve their practical skill and knowledge.

Course outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to
CO 1 (K2) Illustrate basic biochemistry procedures
CO 2 (K3) study the methods of estimation of biomolecules
CO 3 (K4) isolate & Analyze DNA, RNA & protein
CO 4 (K5) critically analyze the isolated biomolecules
CO 5 (K5) evaluate the quality and purity of DNA, RNA & Protein

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-4 | PRACTICAL-I

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
(A) Biochemistry - Practical
1. Basic calculations in Biochemistry - Normality, Molarity,
Molality percent solutions (v/v, w/v).
2. Calibration of pH meter
3. Transition interval of commonly used pH indicators
5. Preparation of biological buffer - phosphate buffer
6. Estimation of Proteins by Lowry’s method/Biuret
method/Bradford method
CO1
7. Estimation of RNA by orcinol method
CO2
8. Estimation of DNA by diphenylamine method
A 25 CO3 K3 & K4
9. Estimation of Carbohydrate by Anthrone method
CO4
10. Separation of amino acids by Paper Chromatography
CO5
11. Separation of sugars by Paper Chromatography
12. Separation of amino acids by Thin layer chromatography
13. Separation of sugars by Thin layer chromatography

Demo Experiments
1. Gel permeation chromatography,
2. Ion exchange chromatography

(B) Molecular Genetics - Practical CO1

1. Isolation of DNA from bacteria CO2 K3,K4
B 25
2. Isolation of DNA from plants CO3 &K5
3. Isolation of DNA from animal tissue CO4

13
 4. Isolation of DNA from blood CO5
5. Plasmid DNA isolation.
6. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA
7. Isolation of RNA
8. Radiation induced genetic damage assessment
9. Chemical induced genetic damage assessment.

(C) Molecular Cell Biology -Practical

1. Introduction to Microtome and types
2. Microtomy-Fixation of tissue
3. Microtomy -Embedding
4. Microtomy-Sectioning of tissue
5. H&E Staining of tissues CO1
6. Histochemical staining to localize proteins CO2
K3,K4 &
C 7. Histochemical staining to localize carbohydrates 25 CO3
K5
8. Histochemical staining to localize lipids. CO4
9. Subcellular fractionation and marker enzyme detection CO5
(mitochondria).
10. Giant chromosome studies in Chironomous larvae
11. Meiotic study in flower bud sand cockroach or
grasshopper

14
 Elective Paper-1
BIOINSTRUMENTATION

Paper – 5
Title of the paper BIOINSTRUMENTATION Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Elective Paper 1st 1st 3

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of all the instrumentation concepts, in
biology. The student will get to understand the core concepts of biological instruments and
their principles.

Course outcomes:
At the end of the Course, the Student will be able to:
CO-1 Introduction and various types of Microscopic techniques
CO-2 Impart understanding on centrifugation instruments and techniques
CO-3- Separation of Biomolecules
CO-4 Analytical methods on Spectroscopic Analysis
CO-5 Understand the application and Detection on Bioinstrumentation

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER-1 | BIOINSTRUMENTATION

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Microscopic Techniques: Principles and Applications:
Compound, Light, Stereo, Phase Contrast, Fluorescent
CO1
I Microscopy, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, 15 K1 & K2
Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy,
Confocal Microscopy, FRET and Flow Cytometry.
Centrifugation: Principle and Applications of various types of
centrifugation, Sedimentation Coefficient, Svedberg unit, RCF,
Density Gradient Centrifugation. Chromatography Techniques: K1,
II 15 CO2
Principle and Application of Paper Chromatography, TLC, Gel K2,K3
Filtration Chromatography, Ion Exchange Chromatography,
Affinity Chromatography, GC & HPLC.
Electrophoretic Techniques: Principle and Application of
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, 2D-gel Electrophoresis, PAGE-
NATIVE & SDS PAGE, Iso-electric Focusing, High resolution
CO3 K1, K2 &
III Electrophoresis, Immuno Electrophoresis (Immunofixation 15
K3
EP,), ELISA, RIA, Southern, Northern and Western Blotting.
Electro blotting, PCR and RT-PCR, Microarray (DNA,
Proteins)
Spectroscopic Techniques: Theory and Application of UV and
Visible Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Mass
K1,K2 &
IV Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy NMR, ESR, Atomic Absorption 15
CO4 K3
Spectroscopy, X- ray Spectroscopy, Laser Spectroscopy and
Raman Spectroscopy
Radio-isotopic Techniques: Introduction to Radioisotopes, Uses K1,K2 &
V 15 CO5
and their Biological Applications, Radioactive Decay – Types K3

15
 and Measurement , Principles and Applications of GM Counter,
Solid and Liquid Scintillation Counter, Autoradiography, RIA,
Radiation Dosimetry, Health effects of Radiations.
Reference books
• M.H. Fulekar and Bhawana Pandey Bioinstrumentation, Wiley
• Keith Wilson, John Walker, 2010. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology (7th Edition), Cambridge University Press •
• David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox. Menninger (2008). Principles of Biochemistry, Fifth
edition W. H. Freeman, New York. •
• Experiments in Biochemistry: A Hands-On Approach by Shawn O. Farrell, Ryan T. Ranallo,
Paperback: 324 pages, Publisher: Brooks Cole. 20 •
• Metzler D.E. 2001, the chemical reactions of living cells –Academic Press. 2nd edition.
• Stryer L,1999, Biochemistry-W.H. Freeman & Company, New York. 1. • 4th edition
• L.Veerakumari (2006) Bioinstrumentation MJP Publisher Kindle edition
• Jefrey. M., Backer el al., 1996. Biotechnology- A Laboratory Course. Academic Press, New
York.
• Holcapek, M., Byrdwell, Wm. C. 2017. Handbook of Advanced Chromatography /Mass
Spectrometry Techniques, Elsevier

16
 Elective Paper-II
ENZYMOLOGY

Paper – 6
Title of the paper ENZYMOLOGY Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Elective Paper 1st 1st 3

Learning Outcome:
The subject imparts knowledge on the fundamentals of enzyme structure and its kinetics. The
student will be provided with a basic knowledge and understanding about the functions of
enzyme as well as the industrial application of enzymes.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 (K2) Explain the basics of enzyme nomenclature and properties
CO-2 (K3) Classify and Cognize the native and immobilized enzyme
CO-3 (K4) Examine the equations of steady state kinetics
CO-4 (K5) Assess extraction and downstream processing of enzymes
CO-5 (K6) Compile the uses of enzymes and design enzymes for Industrial
and Clinical application

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER-2 | ENZYMOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Introduction to enzymes, Classification, nomenclature and
general properties like effects of pH, substrate and temperature
CO1
on enzyme catalysed reactions. Extraction Isolation and
I 15 K3 & K5
purification of enzymes by precipitation, centrifugation,
CO5
chromatography and electrophoresis and liquid-liquid
extraction methods
Kinetics of catalysed reaction : Single substrate reactions,
bisubstrate reactions, concept of Michaelis - Menten, Briggs
CO1
Haldane relationship, Determination and significance of kinetic
II 15 CO2 K3 & K5
constants, Limitations of Michaelis-Menten Kinetics, line
CO5
weaver burk plot, Hanes wolf equation, Eadie hoofstee equation
,Inhibition of enzyme activity

17
 Enzyme catalysis: enzyme specificity and the concept
of active site, determination of active site.
Stereospecificity of enzymes. Mechanism of catalysis: CO1
III Proximity and orientation effects, general acid-base 15 CO3 K3 & K4
catalysis, concerted acid - base catalysis, nucleophilic
and electrophilic attacks, catalysis by distortion, metal
ion catalysis
Theories on mechanism of catalysis.-Mechanism of
enzymes action: mechanism of action of lysozyme,
CO1
chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase and DNA
IV 15 CO4 K3, K4 & K6
polymerase. Multienzymes system, Mechanism of
action and regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and
fatty acid synthetase complex
Coenzyme action. Enzyme regulation: General
mechanisms of enzyme regulation, Allosteric
enzymes, sigmoidal kinetics and their physiological
significance, Symmetric and sequential modes for
CO1
V action of allosteric enzymes. Reversible and 15 K3,K4, K5 & K6
CO5
irreversible covalent modification of enzymes,
Immobilized enzymes and their industrial
applications.Clinical and industrial applications of
enzymes, Enzyme Engineering
Reference Books
• Nicholas C.Price and Lewis Stevens., 2010. Fundamentals of Enzymology. Oxford
University Press, New Delhi
• Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, 2005, Principles of Biochemistry - 4th edition, WH Freeman and
Company, New York, USA
• Principles of Biochemistry with human focus - Garrett and Grisham, 2002, Harcourt College
Publishers, Orlando, Florida, USA.
• Geoffrey L, Zubay, Biochemistry -, 1998, 4th edition. 23
• Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, 1995, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 2nd edition.
• Harper.s Biochemistry - Murray et al, 2000, 25th edition, Appleton and Lange Publishers.
• Enzymes – Trevor Palmer 2002.
Useful Websites
• www.lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech/
• www. lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enzyme/
• http://www.aetlted.com/tech/applications.html

18
 SECOND SEMESTER
Core Paper-4
MICROBIOLOGY

Paper – 7
Title of the paper MICROBIOLOGY Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 1st 2nd 3

Learning Outcome:
To provide a comprehensive knowledge on taxonomy and microbial diversity, growth, their
harmful effects and beneficial role of microorganisms in agriculture and environment

Course outcomes:
CO-1 To understand the major discoveries of microbiology and describe microbial
diversity, Microbial growth and metabolism.
CO-2 To provide basic knowledge about microbial culture, identification of microbes,
principle and working of microscopes and sterilization techniques
CO-3 To enlighten the students on host microbe interaction and Epidemiology of
microbial disease
CO-4 To update the knowledge on epidemic and pandemic diseases.
CO-5 To assess and appraise the role of novel microbes in environment and integrate them
in specific innovative approaches.

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-4 | MICROBIOLOGY

Unit Content Hours Cos Cognitive
level
History and microbial taxonomy: Major discoveries related
to the field of microbiology: Antony Von Leeuwenhoek,
Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Edward Jenner. Microbial
CO1
taxonomy: Bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae and protozoa, K1,K2
I 15 CO2
Microbial diversity: Biovars, Serovars and Prions, Microbial &K3
growth and metabolism: Microbial growth: Growth curve,
factors affecting growth, Microbial metabolism-
Methanogenesis, acetogenesis and auxotrophs
Microbial culture, identification, and control:
Growth media and types – culturing techniques: Streaking
method, Pure culture techniques: Serial dilution and plating
methods, Staining methods - Principles and types of staining
(simple and differential).
CO2
II Identification of bacteria – Biochemical – IMViC, 16s rRNA 15 K2,K3,K5
CO3
sequencing. Microscopy: principles and applications of Bright
CO5
field, florescent and Scanning electron microscopes.
Microbial growth control: Physical Methods – Heat,
Filtration, Low Temperatures, High Pressure, Desiccation,
Osmotic Pressure, Radiation; Chemical Methods.
Host microbe interaction and Epidemiology: CO1
III Human microbiome; Skin, Gastrointestinal tract, Oral cavity, 10 K1,K2,K3
Lung. CO3

19
 Symbiotic relationship of microbes: Symbiosis, Mutualism, CO4
Parasitism, Commensalism and endophyte.
Epidemiology of microbes: causes, types and transmission of
epidemic, endemic and pandemic diseases
Microbial Diseases:
General characteristics, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis
and control measures of Pandemic and Epidemic diseases:
IV Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Cholera, Typhoid, COVID-19, Yellow 10 CO4 K4 &K5
Fever, Flu, AIDS, Ebola, Zika Virus, Small Pox, Dengue, CO5
Chickungunya, Malaria, filariasis, Candidiasis, superficial
mycosis
Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology: Biological
nitrogen fixation, free living, symbiotic nitrogen fixation,
CO1
mechanism of Nitrogen, Biofertilizers- types and applications;
CO2
V Rhizosphere effect. Biogeochemical cycles-Carbon, Nitrogen, 10 K4 & K5
CO3
Sulphur and Phosphorous; Methanogenic bacteria
Extremphiles- Thermophiles Acidophiles, Halophiles and
alkalophiles; Biotechnological application of extremophiles

References
• Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood, Christopher J. Woolverton, (2017). Prescott's Microbiology,
(10th edition), McGraw-Hill Education, ISBN: 978-1259281594.
• Maheshwari D K, Dubey R C 2013. A Textbook of Microbiology.4th Edn S Chand
Publishing India.
• Ananthanarayan and Paniker’s (2017) Textbook of Microbiology, (10th edition), The Orient
Blackswan, ISBN: 978-9386235251.
• Benson HJ. (1999). Microbiological Applications: A Laboratory manual in General
Microbiology, 7th Edition, McGraw Hill. 5
• Managing epidemics- Key facts about major deadly diseases, World Health Organization
(WHO) 2018. 9. O'Flaherty, Vincent & Collins, Gavin & Mahony, Thérèse. (2010).
Environmental Microbiology, Second Edition. 10.1002/9780470495117.ch11.
• Agriculture Microbiology, 2016. E-Course Developed By TNAU (ICAR)

Web Sources
• https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/managing-epidemics-interactive.pdf ISBN 978-
92-4-156553-0. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736
• https://www.agrimoon.com/wp-content/uploads/AGRICULTURAL-Microbiology.pdf.

20
 Core Paper-5
PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Paper – 8
Title of the paper PLANT AND ANIMAL Subject code:
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 1st 2nd 4

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of all the biotechnological application
on plant and animals. The student will get to understand the core concepts of biotechnology.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 To impart theoretical knowledge on various techniques of plant biotechnology like
tissue culture, plant genetic transformation and their application in industries.
CO-2 Importance of secondary metabolites and production in plants.
CO-3 To develop concepts, principles and processes in animal biotechnology.
CO-4 Concept and different types in Animal Cell Culture and animal cell lines.
CO-5 Use of molecular biology techniques genetically engineer the animals to improve
sustainability, productivity and suitability for pharmaceutical and industrial
applications.

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-5 | PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Introduction of plant tissue culture, composition of media,
Micropropagation, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis,
haploid and triploid production, protoplast isolation and
fusion, hybrid and cybrid, synthetic seed production. CO1 K1,K2
I 15
Secondary metabolites in plants - Phytochemicals- Glycosides CO5 &K3
and Flavonoids; Anthocyanins and Coumarins - Lignans,
Terpenes, Volatile oils and Saponins; Carotenoids and
Alkaloids: biogenesis, therapeutic applications
Transgenic plants: rDNA Technology; Gene transfer methods
- electroporation and particle gun bombardment.
Agrobacterium, Ti plasmid vector. Theory and techniques for CO1
K1,K2 &
II the development of new genetic traits, conferring resistance to 15 CO2
K5
biotic and abiotic. Plant engineering towards the development CO5
of enriched food products, plant growth regulators; Molecular
Marker aided breeding: RFLP maps, Linkage analysis,
Animal health disease diagnosis, hybridoma technique,
monoclonal antibodies, application of probes for disease CO1
III diagnosis of existing and emerging animal diseases. Oral 10 CO3 K4 & K5
vaccines, DNA Vaccines in animal disease. Cell culture: CO5
primary and established culture; organ culture; tissue culture
Disaggregation of tissue and primary culture; cell separation,
cell synchronization, cryo preservation. Scaling up of animal CO4 K2,K3,K4
IV 10
cell culture, cell line and cloning micromanipulation and CO5 & K5
cloning, somatic cell cloning. Karyotyping; measuring

21
 parameters for cell growth, measurement of cell death,
apoptosis and its determination, cytotoxicity assays
Application of animal cell culture: in vitro testing of drugs,
production of human and animal viral vaccines and
pharmaceutical proteins. Transgenic animals: Production and
K3,K4 &
V application; transgenic animals in livestock improvement, 10 CO5
K6
transgenic animals as model for human diseases; Stem Cells-
Properties, Types, Therapy, Prospects and Ethics in stem cell
research.
Reference Books
• Razdan. M. K., 2011. Plant tissue culture. Oxford and IBH publishing Company Pvt. Ltd,
New Delhi.
• Chawla. H. S., 2010. Introduction to plant biotechnology. Oxford and IBH publishing
company pvt. Ltd, New delhi.
• Ian Freshney, 2010. Culture of animal cells. 6th edition, Wiley-Blackwell publishers.
• Slater, 2008. Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic manipulation of plants, Second Edition,
Oxford University Press, USA.
• J.D.Watson, Gillman, J.Witknowski and M.Zoller, 2006. Recombinant DNA. 3rd ed.
• W.H.Freeman. 26 K. Dass. 2005, Text book of Biotechnology, Second Edition, Wiley
Dreamtech, India (P) Ltd.
• H.Kreuzer & A.Massey. 2001. Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology: A guide for teachers
Second Edition. ASM press, Washington.
• M.Sudhir. 2000. Applied Biotechnology & Plant Genetics. Dominant publishers &
Distributors.
• Genetic Engineering of Animals by (Ed) A.Puhler, VCH Publishers, Weinheim, FRG, 1993.
• Animal Cell culture Practical approach. Ed. John R.W.Masters, Oxford.2004.
• Concepts in Biotechnology D. Balasubramaniam, Bryce, Dharmalingam, Green, Jayaraman
Univ. Press, 1996

22
 Core Paper-6
GENETIC ENGINEERING

Paper – 9
Title of the paper GENETIC ENGINEERING Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 1st 2nd 4

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of all the biotechnological application
on plant and animals. The student will get to understand the core concepts of biotechnology.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 Understanding the basic steps of gene cloning and the role of enzymes and
vectors responsible for gene manipulation, transformation and genetic
engineering.
CO-2 Getting detailed knowledge of gene transfer methods and identifying suitable
hosts for cloning.
CO-3 Acquiring theoretical knowledge in the techniques, tools, and application and
safety measures of genetic engineering.
CO-4 Describes the genome mapping and sequencing and methods for gene therapy.
CO-5 Elucidate different techniques involved in genetic engineering

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-6| GENETIC ENGINEERING

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Gene cloning. Genetic engineering tools. Nucleic acid
manipulating enzymes. Promoters, Selectable markers and
CO1 K1,K2,
I reporters used in rDNA technology. Restriction digestion, 10
K5
Ligation, Transformation, Selection of Recombinants.
Construction of gene libraries
E.Coli vectors - pBR322 and its derivatives; Cloning vectors
for gram negative bacteria - ColE1, p15A, R1, IncPa,
K2,K3,
II pSC101; Lambda bacteriophage vectors, filamentous phages, 10 CO2
K4
Cosmids, Phasmids, Phagemids. Cloning in gram-positive
bacteria (Bacillus subtilis)
Cloning in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae. Life cycle and
types of vectors; Eukaryotic vectors. SV40 (molecular
genetics and expression); Specialized cloning vector for CO4 K3,K4
III 10
cDNA; Synthesis of specific RNA in vitro; Vectors for &K6
cloning promoters and terminators; vectors with adjustable
copy number
Nucleic acid hybridization techniques; Molecular probes
(Types of probes and its construction); probe labeling. Nick
translation, End labeling and Random primer labeling.
K3,K4,K5
IV Polymerase chain reaction and its variants; DNA 15 CO4
& K6
fingerprinting; DNA sequencing first generation sequencing
methods (Maxam and Gilbert sequencing, Sangers Dideoxy
sequencing, Pyrosequencing, PCR based sequencing and

23
 hybridization sequencing).Second generation sequencing
methods
Site directed mutagenesis; DNA microarray; chromosome
walking and jumping. Molecular techniques in prenatal
diagnosis gene therapy, knockout mice and Flavr savr tomato, K3,K4,K5
V 15
Pharmaceutical products (Vaccine, Humulin, etc), Crop CO5 & K6
improvement. Pesticide resistance, herbicide resistance,
transgenic animals and GM foods.
Reference Books:
• T.A. Brown, 2010. Gene cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction, 6th edition, Wiley-
Blackwell.
• Sandy B.Primrose and Richard Twyman, 2006. Principles of Gene Manipulation and
genomics, 7th edition, Wiley-Blackwell.
• Lewin, 2009. Genes X, 10th edition, Jones & Barlett Publishers
• Raymond Rodriguez and David T.Denhart 2003.Vectors, A survey of molecular cloning
vectors and their uses
• Errst-L. Winnacker 1987.From genes to clones. Introduction to Gene Technology,
• Ed. David V. Geoddel 2002.Gene Expression technologies. Methods in enzymology
(Vol.185)
• William Wu, Michael J.Welsh, Peter B.Kaufrmar, Helen H.Zhang 2001. Methods in Gene
Biotechnology

24
 Core Practical - 2
(Microbiology, Plant and Animal Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering)

Paper – 10
PRACTICAL-II (Microbiology,
Title of the paper Plant and Animal Biotechnology Subject code:
& Genetic Engineering)
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 1st 2nd 3

Learning Outcome:
The practical will establish a basic study skill on the subject and will improve the student’s
ability to have a hands on experience on the above core subjects.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 (K2) Isolate and identify microbes from various sources.
CO-2 (K3) Characterize microbes.
CO-3 (K4) Examine Plant and Animal cells and their functions
CO-4 (K5) Assess extracted DNA, RNA and protein for rDNA technology
CO-5 (K6) to study cloning tools

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER | PRACTICAL-II

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
(A) Microbiology-Practical
1. Isolation and Enumeration of bacteria from soil
2. Isolation and Enumeration of bacteria from water
3. Isolation and Enumeration of bacteria from air
4. Isolation and Enumeration of bacteria from plant surface.
5. Isolation of bacteria from root nodules,
6. Isolation of pure culture of Aspergillus niger,
7. Isolation of pure culture of Streptomyces. CO1
8. Gram staining and morphological characterization of CO2 K,.K2,
A microbes. 20 CO3 K3, K4,
9. Determination of growth curve of bacteria – E.coli CO4 K5 & K6
10. Biochemical characterization - catalase, oxidase, urease, CO5
coagulase,
11. Starch Hydrolysis test
12. Lipid Hydrolysis test
13. Test for H2S production or TSI agar test
14. Antibiotic sensitivity test
Demonstration
16srRNA sequencing
(B) Plant and Animal Biotechnology - Practical:
CO1
1. Preparation of MS medium stock solution –Macro salt,
CO2
Micro salt, Vitamin, growth regulator K3,K4 &
B 20 CO3
2. Surface sterilization of various explants – leaf, shoot, K5
CO4
root, seed.
CO5
3. Generation of Callus from any two explants (leaf, root,

25
 bud and shoot apex)
4. Maintenance of callus culture.
5. Anther culture
6. Pollen culture
7. Embryo culture.
7. Isolation of plant protoplast
8. Protoplast viability test.
9. Localization of nucleus using nuclear stain.
10. Introduction to Animal Cell culture: Procedure for
handling cells and medium.
11. Cleaning and sterilization of glassware and plastic
tissue culture flasks
12. Preparation of tissue culture media
13. Trypsinization of established cell culture.
14. Cell counting and viability - staining of cells (a) Vital
Staining (Trypan blue)
Isolation And Culture Of Splenocytes
(C) Genetic Engineering - Practical
1. Preparation of plasmid DNA by alkaline lysis method.
2. Agarose gel electrophoresis
3. Methylene blue DNA staining
4. Elution of DNA from agarose gel.
CO1
5. Restriction enzyme digestion.
CO2
6. Ligation. K3,K4
C 20 CO3
7. Competent cell preparation &K5
CO4
8. RAPD
CO5
9. RFLP
10. Amplification of DNA - PCR
11. Determination of molecular weight of DNA
Demonstration:
RT-PCR for COVID-19

26
 Elective Paper-III
REGULATORY AFFAIRS AND INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS

Paper – 11
Title of the paper REGULATORY AFFAIRS AND Subject code:
INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Elective Paper 1st 2nd 3

Learning Outcome:
The subject imparts knowledge on the fundamentals of regulatory requirement in industries.
The student will be provided with a basic knowledge and understanding about the regulatory
affairs based on biotechnological industry requirements.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 Elucidate the basic requirements of establish laboratory for testing samples as per the
regulatory body’s requirements
CO-2 Describe the Scientific, technical knowledge about various food preservation
techniques
CO-3 Describe the basic concepts of packing of food materials, various parameters observed
during packaging
CO-4 Describe the testing of food materials and identifying of microbial food contaminant
CO-5 Explain the basic of food safety management system, good manufacturing practice
and good hygienic practices

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER-3 | REGULATORY AFFAIRS AND INDUSTRIAL

STANDARDS
Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Planning, Organisation and setting of Food testing
laboratory and laboratory safety
Understand the requirements for setting up a laboratory for the
legal defensibility of analytical data. The ideal structure design,
environment, layout for microbiological testing and Air
CO1
handling etc., Introduction about accreditation, Different
I 10 K2,K3,K4
accreditation bodies (NABL, APLAC, ILAC), Requirements
for ISO/IEC 17025:2017, documentation, Laboratory safety:
Personnel and laboratory hygiene, emergency planning,
general hazards in a food laboratory, safety equipment, storage
of chemicals, acids, flammables etc, handling and biological
spills and waste disposal.
Principles of Food Preservation technology
Heat: Principles of Heat transfer, Blanching, Pasteurization,
Heat sterilization, thermal extrusion, cooking. Water Removal:
II Forms of Water in Foods, Sorption of water in foods, Water 15 CO2 K2 & K3
activity, drying and evaporation technology. Temperature
reduction: Chilling, Freezing, Radiation: Ionizing Radiation,
Microwave, Use of chemicals: Class-I & Class-II

27
 preservatives, smoke other chemical additives, New non-
thermal methods: High hydrostatic pressure, modified
atmosphere, high intensity pulsed electric fields, intense pulsed
light, oscillating magnetic fields, hurdle technology, ultrasonic
and ohmic heating etc.
Principles of Food Packaging technology
Different packaging materials used for food packaging and
their properties including barrier properties, strength
properties, optical properties: Glass, metals, paper, plastics,
biodegradable and edible films and coatings aseptic packaging
and combinations, Selection of packaging material and design
for various food commodities including fresh produce (Fruits
CO3 K2,K3 &
III and vegetables), milk and milk products (dairy), cereal, pulses, 15
K4
oil, meat, fish, poultry, water and processed foods, Evaluation
of quality and safety of packaging materials- different testing
procedures, Function of packaging: Protective packaging and
active packaging smart and intelligent packaging, Newer
packaging technologies-CAP/MAP packaging aseptic
processing and packaging, irradiated packaging, retort pouch
and microwaveable packaging.
Food Microbiology and testing
Sources of microorganisms in food chain (raw materials, water,
air, equipment etc) and microbiological quality of foods,
Microbial growth characteristics: Reproduction and growth
(fission, generation time optimum growth, growth curve etc).
Microbial growth in foods: intrinsic (pH, Moisture content,
oxidation-reduction potential, nutrient content, antimicrobial
constituents and extrinsic parameters (temperature of storage,
relative humidity of environment, presence and concentration
of gases in the environment, Thermal destruction of
microorganisms: Thermal death time, D Value, Z- Value, F-
Value, thermal death time curve, 12 D Concept, Microbial food
IV 10 CO4 K2,K3,K4
spoilage and food borne diseases, food pathogens, bacillus
cereus and other bacillus species, campylobacter, clostridium
species, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, listeria monocytogens,
salmonella, shigella, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio species,
yersinia enterocolitica, fungi, virus etc., Methods for the
Microbiological examination of foods: Sampling activity and
sampling plan, pure culture isolation: streaking, serial dilution
and plating, cultivation, maintenance and preservation/stocking
of pure culture, Observation of Indicator organisms: Direct
examination, enumeration methods, plate count, MPN,
biochemical test, Rapid methods detection of specific
organisms.
HACCP and Food safety management systems:
ISO 22000: Importance of implementing a HACCP system and
how it can be applied to various products. Prerequisite K2,K3 &
V 10
programs, HACCP principles, some limitation of HACCP food CO5 K6
safety objective (FSO). Food safety audits: Management
review, audit certification and importance. Good

28
 manufacturing practices (GMP), Good hygienic practices
(GHP), Food safety plan, food safety management risk
analysis. Traceability food products recall and sanitation.
References:
• ISO 9001, Quality management systems – Requirements
• ISO 17034 General requirements for the competence of reference material producers
• ISO/IEC 17043 Conformity assessment – General requirements for proficiency testing.
• Food safety standards authority regulation 2011.

29
 Elective Paper- III
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Paper – 11
Title of the paper PHARMACEUTICAL Subject code:
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Elective Paper 1st 2nd 3

Learning Outcome:
The subject imparts knowledge on the fundamentals of pharmaceutical biotechnology. The
student will be provided with a basic knowledge and understanding about the pharmaceutical
products produced based on biotechnological methods and its biomedical applications.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 Explain the basic components of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry and
methods and applications of biosensor
CO-2 Describe the Scientific, technical and economic aspects of vaccine & rDNA
technology
CO-3 Describe the basic concepts of protein Engineering, therapeutic proteins and enzyme
immobilization techniques
CO-4 Describe the concepts of hybridoma technology, microbial biotransformation and
microbial bio-transformed products
CO-5 Explain the basic components of somatic gene therapy, Xeno-transplantation and
fermenter and bio safety methods

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER-3 | PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Introduction to concepts and technologies in pharmaceutical
biotechnology and industrial applications, Biosensors-
CO1
I Working and applications of biosensors in pharmaceutical 10 K1
Industries; Pharmacology and Ethnopharmacology: Scope,
applications and Importance.
Scientific, technical and economic aspects of vaccine research
and development, Preparation of bacterial vaccines, toxoids,
viral vaccine and antitoxins, Storage conditions and stability of
II vaccines, Application of rDNA technology and genetic 15 CO2 K3 & K4
engineering in the production of: (i) Interferon (ii) Vaccines -
hepatitis- B (iii) Hormones – Insulin, Brief introduction to
Protein Engineering.
Hybridoma technology - Production, Purification and
Applications, Formulation of biotech products - Rituximab,
Introduction to Microbial biotransformation and applications,
Study of the production of – penicillins, citric acid, Vitamin
III 15 CO3 K2
B12, Glutamic acid and Griseofulvin Somatic gene therapy,
Xenotransplantation in pharmaceutical biotechnology, Large
scale production fermenter design and its various controls, Bio
safety in pharmaceutical industry

30
 Pharmacological activity of Plant drugs, Plant Chemicals in
modern pharmacology; biochemistry and pharmacology of
atropine, caffeine, ephedrine, opioids, synthetic substitutes for CO4
IV 10 K2 & K4
therapeutically active plant constituents; drug improvement by
structure modification and bio-transformation. Criteria for
pharmacological evaluation of drugs.
Clinical Pharmacology, Drug therapy, Mechanism of drug
action, Therapeutic efficacy, Therapeutic index, tolerance,
dosage forms and routes of drug administration, factors
affecting drug action; Adverse Drug reactions and drug K1,K2
V 10
poisoning-classification and causes of ADR; principle clinical CO5 &K5
manifestations and treatment of ADR, General principles of
management of drug poiosoning; antidotes, classisfication of
drugs.
Reference Books:
• Harbans lal, 2011. Pharmaceuticals biochemistry. CBS Publishers and distributors Pvt. Ltd,
Chennai.
• Carlos A. Guzmán and Giora Z. Feuerstein, 2009. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 1st edition,
Springer.
• Daniel Figeys (Ed.). 2005. Industrial Proteomics: Applications for Biotechnology and
Pharmaceuticals. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated.
• Kayser, O and Muller R.H.. 2004. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Drug Discovery and
Clinical Applications. WILEY-VCH
• Leon Shargel, Andrew B. C. Yu, Susanna Wu-Pong, and Yu Andrew B. C. 2004. Applied
Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics. McGraw-Hill Companies
• Stefania Spada, Garywalsh. 2004. Directory of approved biopharmaceutical
• Gary Walsh. 2003. Biopharmaceutical, Biochemistry & Biotechnology.
• Heinrich Klefenz. 2002. Industrial pharmaceutical biotechnology.
• Thomas Lengauer (Ed.). 2002. Bioinformatics – from Genomes to Drugs. Volume I& II.
Wiley-VCH.
• John F. Corpenter (editor), Mark C. Manning. 2002. Rational Design of stable formulation
Theory and Practice (Pharmaceutical Biotechnology). Plenum, US. Ist edition.
• D.I.A. Crommelin, et al., 2002. Pharmaceutical Biology. Amazon prime publications.
• Werner Kalow, Urs A Meyer and Rachel F. Tyndale. 2001.
• Pharmacogenomics. CPL press.

Useful Websites:
• https://tugasakhirsttifbogor.files.wordpress.com/2018/08/pharmaceutical-biotechnology.pdf
• http://library.nuft.edu.ua/ebook/file/Gad2007.pdf
• https://oasis.iik.ac.id:9443/library/repository/a932eb462c49885a2c72755977036b81.pdf

31
 Elective Paper- IV
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Paper – 12
Title of the paper ENVIRONMENTAL Subject code:
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Elective Paper 1st 2nd 3

Learning Outcome:
The subject imparts knowledge on the fundamentals of ecology and pollution. The student
will be provided with a basic knowledge and understanding about the functions of ecosystem
and reduction of pollution by biotechnological tools.

Course outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to
CO-1 (K2) explain various waste management methods
CO-2 (K3) classify potential methods of biodegrading organic pollutants.
CO-3 (K4) examine the techniques involved in remediation of polluted environments
CO-4 (K5) assess types of pollution & its control
CO-5 (K6) compile biotechnological approaches to degrade xenobiotic compounds

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER-4 | ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Environment: Basic concepts and issues; Environmental
Pollution: Types of pollution & its control strategies -Air CO1
I pollution, Soil pollution, Water pollution & Radioactive 10 K2
pollution. Environmental management and Conservation, CO5
Environmental Laws & Agencies involved in conservation.
Biofilm Kinetics: Completely mixed biofilm reactor-Soluble
microbial products and inert biomass-Special-case biofilm CO1
II solution. Reactor types:- batch reactor - continuous-flow 15 CO2 K3
stirred-tank reactor- Plug-flow reactor. Engineering design of CO5
reactors- Reactors in series
Waste water management, source of waste water, Waste water
treatment- physical, chemical and biological treatment. CO3
III 10 K4
Microbiology of Waste water; Aerobic and anaerobic process,
BOD and COD.
Toxicity: Types and Test for evaluating Toxicity. Biosensors,
IV Biomonitoring of toxic materials .Biomagnification, 10 CO4 K5
Biomining and Biofuels
Bioremediation; In-situ and Ex-situ Bioremediation of
contaminated soils and waste land; Microbiology of
V degradation of Xenobiotics in environment; Pesticides, 15 CO5 K6
Surfactants, Degradative plasmids. Solid waste: Composting,
Vermiculture and methane production.
Reference Books:
• Gareth M. Evans, Gareth G. Evans, Judy Furlong 2011

32
 • Environmental biotechnology: theory and application John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. West Sussex,
UK
• M. Moo-Young, W.A. Anderson, A.M. Chakrabarty, 2010. Environmental Biotechnology:
Principles and Applications. Springer.
• M. H. Fulekar, 2010 Environmental Biotechnology, by Science Publishers Department of
Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, India,
• Stanley E. Manahan, 2009. Environmental Chemistry, Ninth Edition, CRC Press.
• Environmental chemistry 5th edition by A.K.De. 1997.
• Bruce E. Rittmann and Perry L. McCarty. 2001. Environmental Biotechnology :Principles
and applications. McGraw Hill, Newyork.
• Ahmed N, Qureshi, F.M. and Khan, O.Y. 2001.Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology.
Horizon Press.
• Ahmed N, Qureshi, F.M. and Khan, O.Y. 2001.Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology.
Horizon Press.

Useful Websites:
• lbewww.epfl.ch/LBE/Default_E.htm
• http://lbe.epfl.ch

33
 Extra disciplinary subject for other department students
TISSUE ENGINEERING

Paper – 13
Title of the paper TISSUE ENGINEERING Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Extra disciplinary 1st 2nd 2
subject

Learning Outcome:
The subject imparts knowledge on the fundamentals of tissue and its function. The student
will be provided with a basic knowledge and understanding about the functions of tissue and
its biomedical applications.

Course Outcome:
CO-1 Understand the basics of Basics of Tissue Engineering
CO-2 Apply the knowledge to create tissue culture methods
CO-3 Acquire adequate knowledge in the use of tissue in medical application
CO-4 Evaluate the benefits of Tissue Engineering & Pharmaceutical Products
CO-5 Analyze the importance of applications of tissue engineering

SYLLABUS | EXTRA DISCIPLINARY SUBJECT | TISSUE ENGINEERING

Unit Content Hours Cos Cognitive
level
Basic biology of tissue engineering: The basis of growth and CO1
I 10 K4 & K5
differentiation-morphogenesis and tissue engineering
In vitro control of tissue development-Growth factors-Tissue
engineering bioreactors- In vitro synthesis of Tissue and CO2
II 15 K3 & K5
organs- Organotypic and histotypic engineered tissues. 3D
cell culture-Tissue assembly in microgravity
Biomaterials in tissue engineering-Scaffolds, extracellular
K1,K2,K3
III matrix, polymers and nanocomposites. Approaches to 10 CO3
& K4
transplanting engineered cells
Bioartificial pancrease, Hepat assist liver support system,
K2, K3, K4,
IV Artificial Womb, Heamatopoietic system: Red blood cell 10 CO4
K5
substitutes, Renal replacement devices
Structural tissue engineering-Bone regeneration through K2,K3,K4
V cellular engineering, Skin tissue engineering, Brain 15 CO5 & K6
implants-Neural stem cells, Periodontal applications
Reference Books:
• Sylvia, S. Mader, 2011, Human Biology, Twelfth edition, Mc Graw Hill, USA.
• Robert P. Lanaza, Robert Langer and Joseph Vacanti, 2007. Principles of Tissue
Engineering. Third edition Academic Press.
• Micklem.H.S., Loutit John.F., 2004, Tissue grafting and radiation, Academic Press, New
York..
• Penso.G., Balducci.D., 2004.Tissue cultures in biological research,Elsevier, Amsterdam
• Cecie Starr, 1996, Biology, Third edition , Wordsworth, America.
Useful Websites:
• www.nuigalway.ie/anatomy/tissue_engineering.htm

34
 THIRD SEMESTER
Core Paper- 7
BIOINFORMATICS

Paper – 15
Title of the paper BIOINFORMATICS Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 2nd 3rd 5

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge of the basics of bioinformatics tools. The student
will get to understand the core concepts of in Silico biological research.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 To get introduced to the basic concepts of Bioinformatics and its
significance in Biological data analysis.
CO-2 Describe the history, scope and importance of Bioinformatics and role of
internet in Bioinformatics.
CO-3 Explain about the methods to characterize and manage the different types
of Biological data.
CO-4 Classify different types of Biological Databases.
CO-5 Introduction to the basics of sequence alignment and analysis

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-7 | BIOINFORMATICS

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Introduction to bioinformatics, Database concepts, Protein and
nucleotide databases- NCBI, EMBL, UniProt, PIR;
Information retrieval from biological databases- Entrez.
CO1
Biological Data- types of Sequences, Sequencing methods-
I 20 K1 & K2
DNA, Protein. Big data analysis - DNA/RNA/protein
sequence or structure ,data, gene expression data, protein-
protein interaction (PPI) data, pathway data and gene
ontology (GO) data
Sequence alignment- Importance of Sequence alignment,
Components- match, mismatch, similarity, scoring an
alignment- PAM and Blosum matrices, gap penalty, protein
vs DNA alignments, Pairwise alignment- Dot-matrix
alignment, Dynamic programming- Global and local
CO2 K2,K3 &
II alignment algorithms, multiple sequence alignment- 20
K5
progressive alignment and Iterative alignment algorithms,
consensus sequence, patterns and profiles- PSI- Blast,
Database searching: Pairwise alignment based rigorous
algorithm (Smith and Waterman) and Heuristic algorithms
(FASTA and Blast). Bioinformatics for phylogenetic analysis
Bioinformatics for genome, EST Clustering and analyses,
Gene prediction in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, CO3
III 20 K2 & K5
Regulatory sequence analysis, Bioinformatics for Genome
maps and markers, Tandem repeat in gene prediction,

35
 Bioinformatics for understanding Genome variation- Mutation
database. Bioinformatics for micro array designing and
transcriptional profiling. DNA to Protein; Protein Structure-
Primary, secondary structure, Tertiary.
The protein structure database and the PDBSum- PDB,
SCOP, CATH, DALI and HSSP; Molecular visualization
tools. Rasmol, Chime and Spdbviewer. Structure analysis
CO4
IV tools. VAST and DALI, Structural biology - Homology 15 K4 & K5
modeling, Fold Recognition; Transmembrane topology
prediction, Bioinformatics for metabolic reconstruction-
KEGG database
Medical application of Bioinformatics. Disease genes, Drug
Discovery.. Steps in drug discovery. Target Identification.
Target Validation. QSAR. Preclinical pharmacology and
K3,K4 &
V toxicology. ADMET. Drug designing. Rational drug design 15
CO5 K6
(Computer aided drug design). Ligand based approach- High-
throughput and virtual screening of ligands. Target based
approach
Reference Books:
• DassanayakeS.Ranil, Y.I.N. Silva Gunawardene, 2011. Genomic and Proteomic Techniques,
Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
• Thiagarajan B, Rajalakshmi.P.A., 2009. Computational Biology, MJP publishers, Chennai.
• BosuOrpita, SimminderKaurThukral, 2007. Bioinformatics Databases, Tools and
Algorithms, Oxford University press, New Delhi.
• Rastogi.S.C, Mendiratta.N, Rastogi.P, 2004. Bioinformatics methods and applications,
Prentice-Hall of India private limited, New Delhi.
• Lohar s. Prakash, 2009. Bioinformatics, MJP Publishers, Chennai.
• Stephen misener and Stephen A. Krawetz., 2000. Bioinformatics methods and protocols,
Humana press Inc, New Jersey.
• Durbin.R, S.Eddy, A.Krogh and G.Mitchison, 1998. Biological sequence analysis,
Cambridge university press, Cambridge.

36
 Core Paper-8
IMMUNOLOGY

Paper – 16
Title of the paper IMMUNOLOGY Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 2nd 3rd 5

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of immunology. The student will get
to understand the core concepts of immune systems and their non-specific and specific
mechanisms, vaccine, etc.

Course outcomes:
At the end of the course the students will be able to
CO-1 (K2) Illustrate various mechanisms that regulate immune responses and
maintain tolerance
CO-2 (K3) describe key events and cellular players in antigen presentation,
and how the nature of the antigen will shape resulting effector responses
CO-3 (K4) learn the concepts of cellular and molecular processes that
represents the human immune system.
CO-4 (K5) elucidate the role of immunological regulation and tolerance at a
cellular and molecular level
CO-5 (K6) compile concepts on immunological principles and diagnosis

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-8 | IMMUNOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
History and overview of the immune system. Types of
immunity - innate, acquired, passive and active, self vs non-
self-discrimination. Physiology of immune response: HI and CO1
I 20 K1 & K2
CMI specificity and memory. Cells and organs of the immune
system .Lymphoid tissue, origin and development.
Hematopoiesis and differentiation of lymphocytes
Lymphocyte-sub-populations of mouse and man. APC cells,
lymphokines, Phagocytic cells, macrophage, dendritic cells,
K and NK Cells. Nature and biology of antigens, epitopes,
CO2 K2,K3 &
II paratopes, haptens, adjuvents. Immunoglobulins- structure, 20
K5
distribution and function. Immunoglobulin super family
Isotypic, Allotypic and Idiotypic variants, generation of
antibody diversity
Monoclonal antibody production and its applications. Types
of vaccine and vaccination schedule. Role of MHC antigens
in immune responses, Structure and function of class I and
class II MHC molecules. MHC antigens in transplantation CO3
III 20 K2 & K5
and HLA tissue typing. Transplantation immunology-
immunological basis of graft rejection, clinical transplantation
and Immunosuppressive therapy. Tumour Immunology -
Tumour antigen, Immune response to tumours

37
 Effector mechanisms in immunity - macrophage activation,
cell mediated cytotoxicity, cytotoxicity assay.
CO4
IV Hypersensitivity reactions and types. The complement 10 K4 & K5
system, mode of activation, classical and alternate pathway,
biological functions of C proteins
Immunotechniques- Principle and Applications: Immuno
diffusion, Immuno fluorescence, In-situ localization
technique - FISH and GISH. RIA and ELISA, FACS,
K3,K4 &
V Western blot, ELISPOT assay. Agglutination tests. VDRL 20
CO5 K6
test.Purification of antibodies, Quantification of
immunoglobulin by RID, EID and nephelometry, CMI
techniques and Immunotherapy.
Reference Books:
• Peter J. Delves, Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R. Burton, Ivan M. Roitt,2011.
• Roitt.s Essential Immunology, 12 edition, Wiley-Blackwell. USA.
• Kannan. I., 2010. Immunology. MJP Publishers, Chennai.
• Abbas, A.K., A.H.L. Lichtman and S.Pillai, 2010. Cellular and MolecularImmunology. 6th
Edition. Saunders Elsevier Publications, Philadelphia.
• SeemiGarhat Bashir, 2009. Text Book of Immunology, PHI LearningPvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
• Thomas J. Kindt, Barbara A. Osborne and Richard A. Goldsby, 2006.Kuby Immunology, 6th
edition, W. H. Freeman & Company.
• Nandini Shetty, 1996, Immunology: introductory textbook - I. NewAge International, New
Delhi.

Useful Websites:
• www.library.csusm.edu/course guides/biology
• www.immunologylink.com
• http://www.wiley.com/college/bio/karp12791/weblinks.html

38
 Core Paper-9
BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY

Paper – 17
Title of the paper BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 2nd 3rd 5

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of bioprocess and industrial
fermentation. The student will get to understand the core concepts of fermentation and its
commercial application.

Course outcomes:
The student will learn about the:
CO-1 (K2) Outline the basis of Bioprocess Engineering
CO-2 (K3) Relate reactors in fermentation
CO-3 (K4) Differentiate fermentation processes
CO-4 (K5) Assess Scale up and Scale down
CO-5 (K6) Compile the output of fermentation processes

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-9 | BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Introduction to fermentation. General requirements of
fermentation. Microbial growth kinetics of batch and
CO1
I continuous culture. Solid substrate, slurry fermentation and its 20 K1 & K2
application. Microbial cell culture. Immobilization of cells
and enzymes.
Types of bioreactors: Submerged reactors, surface reactors,
mechanically agitated reactors, non-mechanically agitated
reactors. Design of fermenters. Production of citric acid, CO2 K2,K3 &
II 20
penicillin and insulin. Isolation and improvement of K5
Industrially important Micro-organisms, Media for Industrial
fermentation and Sterilization.
Introduction to bioproducts and bioseparation. Primary
recovery process: Cell disruption methods. Cell lysis and
Flocculation: Osmotic and mechanical methods of lysis.
Flocculation by electrolysis; polymorphic flocculation.
CO3
III Precipitation methods. Filtration: Principles, Conventional, 20 K2 & K5
Crossflow filtration. Sedimentation: Principles,
Sedimentation coefficients. Extraction Principles, Liquid
liquid extraction, aqueous two phase extraction, supercritical
fluid extraction.
Down Stream Processing: Chromatography Techniques,
Membrane separation, ultrafiltration. Drying .Principles and CO4
IV 20 K4 & K5
operation of vacuum dryer, shelf dryer, rotary dryer, freezer
and spray dryer. Crystallization and Whole broth processing.
V Aerobic and anaerobic fermentation processes and their 10 K3,K4 &

39
 application in the field of biotechnology industry. Production K6
of commercially important primary and secondary CO5
metabolites, Effluent Treatment and Fermentation
Economics.
Reference Books:
• Min-tzeLiong, 2011. Bioprocess Sciences and Technology. NovaScience Pub Inc.
• Michael L.Shuler, FikretKargi. 2003. Bioprocess Engineering. PHIpublishers.
• P.A.Belter, E.L.Cursler, and W.S.Hu. 1988.Bioseparation: Downstream processing for
Biotechnology. John Wiley and sons.
• R.G. Harrison, P.Todd, SR.Rudge and D.P. Petrides. 2003.Bioseparation science and
engineering. Oxford Press.

Useful Websites:
• www.wildfermentation.com/John Schollar and BenedikteWatmore, Practical Fermentation-a
technicalguide
• web.mit.edu/professional/short.../fermentation_technology.html

40
 Core Paper-10
Practical-3
(Bioinformatics, Immunology & Bioprocess Technology)
8
Paper – 1
Practical-3 (Bioinformatics,
Title of the paper Immunology & Bioprocess Subject code:
Technology)
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 2nd 3rd 4

Learning Outcome:
The practical will establish a basic study skill on the subject and will improve the student’s
ability to calculate and improve their practical skill and knowledge.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 (K2) to learn the Bioinformatics tools for sequence retrieval and
alignment
CO-2 (K3) to apply the learned tools for various applications
CO-3 (K4) to isolate, identify & enumerate immune cells
CO-4 (K5) to learn the technique of immunodiagnostics
CO-5 (K6) to study upstream & downstream techniques

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-10 | PRACTICAL-III

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
(A) Bioinformatics-practical
1. Sequence retrieval from Genbank
2. Sequence retrieval from Uniprot.
3. Sequence identity search- Sequence similarity search
using BLAST
4. Sequence similarity search using FASTA
5. Sequence similarity search using PSI BLAST
6. Sequence similarity search using PHI- BLAST.
CO1
7. Pattern Search (Domains & Motifs) using Pfam
CO2 K1, K2,
8. ORF gene Search - Genscan
A 30 CO3 K3, K4
9. Pair-wise global sequence alignment using EBI-EMBOSS
CO4 &K5
Needleman Wunsch tool
CO5
10. Pair-wise local sequence alignment using EBI-EMBOSS
Smith Waterman tool
11. Multiple sequence alignment using EBI-CLUSTALW2.
12. PHYLOGENY- Phylogenetic tree using PHYLIP.
13. Molecular visualization of proteins using RASMOL.
14. Docking of small molecule with protein structure using
Hex software.
15. Retrieval of E.Coli glycolytic pathway from KEGG
(B) Immunology - practical CO1
B 1. Lymphocyte separation and identification 30 CO2 K2,K3,K4
2. Determination of lymphocyte viability by trypan blue CO3

41
 method CO4
3. Preparation of serum and plasma CO5
4. Electrophoretic profile of human serum in native PAGE
5. Preparation of cellular antigen – human RBC
6. Preparation of antigen-adjuvent mixture for production of
polyclonal antibody
7. Isolation of IgG molecule from serum
8. Immunodiagnostics: CRP
9. Immunodiagnostics: ASO
10. Immunodiagnostics: Widal
11. Immunodiagnostics: RA
12. Immunodiagnostics: Blood grouping and typing
13. Immunodiagnostics: hCG
14. ELISA
15. Radial Immunodiffusion
16. Ouchterlony Immunodiffusion
17. Rocket electrophoresis
18. Counter current immunoelectrophoresis.
(C) Bioprocess Technology - Practical
1. Parts and design of fermenter
2. Foaming and antifoaming agents
3. Media preparation and sterilization
4. Isolation of industrially important microorganisms for
microbial processes. CO1
5. Conservation of Bacteria by Lyophilization. CO2
K2,K3,K4
C 6. Production and estimation of protease 30 CO3
& K5
7. Production and estimation of amylase. CO4
8. Production of wine using grapes CO5
9. Production of penicillin
10. Determination of penicillin activity
11. Citric acid production
12. Use of alginate for cell immobilization.
13. Aqueous Two Phase Extraction of enzymes

42
 Elective Paper-V
NANO BIOTECHNOLOGY

Paper – 19
Title of the paper NANO BIOTECHNOLOGY Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Elective Paper 2nd 3rd 3

Learning Outcome:
The subject imparts knowledge on the fundamentals of nanoparticles. The student will be
provided with a basic knowledge and understanding about the role of nanoparticles in
biotechnology.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 Understand the bases for Introduction to Nanotechnology
CO-2 To impart understanding on Nanoparticle based Drug Delivery.
CO-3 Fabrication of nanomaterials for bone tissue grafting
CO-4 Methods of Nanofabrication
CO-5 Understand the application of Nanotechnology

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER- V | NANO BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Introduction to Nanotechnology- Scientific revolution,
Feynman’s vision, Classification of nanobiomaterials -Types
CO1
I of nanomaterials – nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, 9 K1
Nanofibers, Size deoendent variation in the properties of
Nanomaterials, Nature’s Nanophenomena.
Preparation of Nanomaterials, Top down and bottom up
approaches, Biosynthesis, Nanobiomaterials- Polymer,
Ceramic, Metal based Nanobiomaterials, Carbon based
II 9 CO2 K4
Nanomaterials, DNA based Nanostructures, Protein based
Nanostructures, Quantum dots, Magnetic Nanoparticles,
Nanofibres, Hydrogels, Films and Scaffolds.
Application of Nanomaterials in Bone substitutes and
Dentistry, Food and Cosmetic applications, Bio-sensors and
CO3
III Bioremediation, Nanomaterials for anti-microbial coating – 9 K1 & K5
medical implants and paints, Application of Nanotechnology
in textile industry.
Nanomaterials for diagnosis and therapy, Implications of drug
delivery, Nano-carriers for application in medicine, , Drug
release mechanism, Targeted Drug Delivery using CO4
IV 9 K2
nanocarriers, Nanoparticle technologies for cancer therapy
and diagnosis, Magnetic nanoparticles for imaging and
Hyperthermia.
Nanotoxicology, Portals of Entry of the nanoparticles into the
Human Body, Bio-toxicity of Nanoparticles, Nanoparticles in
V 9 K5
Mammalian systems and Health threats, Biological response CO5
and cellular interaction of implant materials and scaffolds,

43
 Risk assessment and Safety Regulation of nanoparticles.

Reference Books:
• Nanotechnology, S.Shanmugam, Mjp publication. 2011.
• Advanced nanomaterials, kurt E. geckeler, Hiroyuki Nishide , Wiley VHC.2010.
• Nanotechnology and tissue engineering. T.Laurencin, Lakshmi S. Nair, CRC press. 2012.
• Handbook of carbon nanomaterials. Francis D souza, Karl M. Kadish.
• World scientific publishing co. pte. ltd. 2011.
• Oded Shoseyov (Editor), Ilan Levy, 2010. NanoBioTechnology: BioInspired Devices and
Materials of the Future, Humana Press.
• Chad A. Mirkin and Christof M. Niemeyer, 2007. Nanobiotechnology II: More Concepts and
Applications, Wiley-VCH.
• Challa S.S.R.Kumar (Ed). 2006. Biologicals and pharmaceutical nanomaterials, Wiley-VCH
Verlag Gmbh & Co, KgaA.
• K.K.K.Jain 2006. Nanobiotechnology in Molecualr Diagnostics: Current Techniques and
Applications Horizon Bioscience
• Niemeyer, C.M., Mirkin, C.A. (Eds). 2004. Nanobiotechnology Concepts, Applications and
Perspectives, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
• Andrze w. Miziolek, Shashi P.Karna, J malthew Mauro and Richard A.Vaia. 2005 Defense
Applications of Nanomaterials :
• Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology- Ed. by B. Bhushan, Springer-Verlag (2004)
• The Chemistry of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, C.N.R. Rao, A.
Muller, A. K. Cheetham (Eds), Wiley-VCH Verlag (2004)
• Nanomaterials for medical diagnosis and therapy, Challa Kumar, Wiley-VCH, 2007.
• Nanotechnology for cancer therapy, Mansoor M. Amiji, CRC Press, 2007.
• K.K.Jain, Nano Biotechnology, Horizions Biosciences, 2006
• Nanomaterials: An introduction to synthesis, properties and application, Dieter Vollath,
Wiley VCH, 2008
• Cato T. Laurencin and Lakshmi S. Nair, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering The
• Scaffold, CRC Press taylor& Francis Group.
• Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Gabor .L et al, Fundamentals of
Nanotechnology, Hornyak, G. Louis, Tibbals, H. F., Dutta, Joydeep, CRC Press, 2009.
• Assessing Nanoparticle Risks to Human Health, Gurumurthy Ramachandran, Elesvier, 2011.
• Nanotechnology: Environmental Health and safety, Risks, Regulation and Management,
Matthew Hull and Diana Bowman, Elsevier, 2010.
• Nanotechnology: Health and Environmental Risks, Jo Anne Shatkin, CRC Press, 2013

Useful Websites:
http://www.zyvex.com/nano www.fda.gov/nanotechnology/ www.nature.com/nnano/

44
 Elective Paper-V
MOLECULAR DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Paper – 19
Title of the paper MOLECULAR Subject code:
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Elective Paper 2nd 3rd 3

Learning Outcome:
The subject imparts knowledge on the fundamentals of developmental biology. The student
will be provided with a basic knowledge and understanding about the molecular aspects of
developmental biology.
Course outcomes:
CO-1 Illustrate the structure and function of developmental biology, Gametogenesis
CO-2 Discuss basic fertilization process of animals
CO-3 Demonstrate the functions of embryonic development process
CO-4 Illustrate the organ development of vertebrate animals
CO-5 Demonstrate the impact of gene in developmental biology and developmental
disorders

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER-5 | MOLECULAR DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Definition and scope of developmental biology.
Gametogenesis - Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis. Structure of
CO1 K1,K2 &
I Sperm and oocyte. Instructive and permissive interactions, 9
K5
competence, epithelial - mesenchymal interactions. Important
signaling pathways in vertebrate development
Fertilization - Definition, mechanism of fertilizatiom in
II mammal & sea urchin. Types of fertilization. Nieuwkoop 9 CO2 K4
center, Molecular role of organizer
Cleavage in Xenopus, Chick and mammals, Regulation of
III cleavage cycle. Morphogenetic movements, Gastrulation in 9 CO3 K3
Xenopus, Chick and mammals. Fate Maps
Vertebrate Development: Formation of the neural tube,
IV myogenesis, and hematopoiesis. Mechanism of vertebrate eye 9 CO4 K2
development
Drosophila Maternal effect genes, induction at single cell level
- differentiation of photoreceptors in ommatidia.
V 9 K1 & K4
Developmental disorders Spina bifida, Anenecephaly, and CO5
craniorachischis, Cyclopia, Thanotrophic dysplasia
Reference Books:
• Scott F.Gilbert, 2010. Developmental Biology, 9th edition, Sinauer Associates Inc.
• Subramoniam, T. 2002. Developmental Biology. 1st edition. Narosa publications.
• Richard M.Twynman, 2001 Developmental Biology. (2 nd edition), Viva Publications, New
Delhi.
Useful Websites:
sackler.tufts.edu/.../Cell-Molecular-and-Developmental-Biology www.devbio.com/

45
 Extra disciplinary subject for other department students
(Non Major Elective II)
GENE MANIPULATION TECHNOLOGY

Paper – 20
Title of the paper GENE MANIPULATION Subject code:
TECHNOLOGY
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Extra disciplinary 1st 2nd 2
subject

Learning Outcome:
After studying this course, students will be able to:
• To understand more about the science that underlies the development of genetically
modified organisms and in particular how gene transfer is brought about
• To know something of the potential benefits and uncertainties associated with gene
transfer and the high levels of technical ingenuity involved
• To understand more the science that underpins the development of Golden Rice and
understand why the usefulness of this product has proved so contentious.

Course Outcome:
CO-1 Understand the basics of Basics of Gene Manipulation Technology
CO-2 Apply the knowledge to create Constructions of DNA Libraries
Constructions of DNA Libraries.
CO-3 Acquire adequate knowledge in the use of Genome Sequencing and
Transcriptomics
CO-4 Evaluate the benefits of Protein Engineering & Pharmaceutical Products
CO-5 Analyse the importance of Gene Cloning & Applications of Gene Cloning

SYLLABUS | NON MAJOR ELECTIVE II | GENE MANIPULATION TECHNOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Basics of Gene Manipulation Technology-Restriction
Enzymes-Cutting and Joining Reactions-Vectors-Selection of
CO1 K2,K4
I Recombinants- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis-Southern 9
&K5
Blotting- Hybridization-Autoradiography-PCR- Native Page-
SDS-Page-2D Gel Electrophoresis- Western Blotting.
Constructions of DNA Libraries- Vectors Used In the
Construction of CDNA and Genomic DNA Libraries-
II 9 CO2 K1,K3,K5
Chromosome Walking- Positive Selection and Subtractive
Hybridization- Preparation Of (BAC/YAC Library).
Genome Sequencing and Transcriptomics- Sanger’s
Sequencing, Whole Genome Shot gun Sequencing- CO3 K1,K2,K3
III 9
Comparative Genome Sequencing- Transcriptome Analysis- &K4
DNA Microarray- Expression of Recombinant Proteins.
Protein Engineering & Pharmaceutical Products- Site Directed
CO4 K2,K3
IV Mutagenesis- Protein Analysis- Therapeutic Protein- 9
&K4
Vaccines.
V Applications of Gene Cloning- creating Transgenic Animals 9 CO5 K2,K3

46
 and Plants- Reporter Genes- Animal Cloning, Gene &K4
expression in plants- Biosafety and Bioethics.
References:
• An Introduction Gene Cloning And Manipulation- Howe.C
• Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manua l (3- Volume Set)- Sambrook J. et al.
• T.A. Brown 1995. Gene Cloning and Introduction.
• Thiel 2002. Biotechnology Nucleic Acids to Protein: A Laboratory Project. Tatamcgraw.Hill
• Desmond S. T. Nicholl, an Introduction To Genetic Engineering 3rd Edition.
• R. W. Old & S.B. Primrose, Principles Of Gene Manipulation, Fifth Edition, Blackwell
Science
• Genetic Engineering Principles And Methods By Setlow, Jane K. (VOLUME 24)
• Bernard R Glick and Jack .J. Pasternack, 1994, Molecular Biotechnology, ASM Press.

47
 INTERNSHIP

Paper – 21
Title of the paper INTERNSHIP Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Paper 1st 2nd 2

Learning Outcome:
To gain hands on training and expertise in handling sophisticated instruments and acquire
in depth knowledge in their applications.

Course outcomes:
The student will learn to
CO-1 (K2) understand working principles and the techniques of various processes
CO-2 (K3) apply standard operating procedures followed in industries
CO-3 (K3) prepare to face challenges & gain confidence in the field of study.
CO-4 (K5) critically assess the utilization of sophisticated instruments and
expensive consumables
CO-5 (K6) develop work ethics to be followed in a scientific laboratory

48
 FOURTH SEMESTER
Core Paper-11
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Paper – 22
Title of the paper RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 2nd 4th 5

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of academic research. The student will
get to understand the core concepts of methodologies & ethics to pursue research.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 Understand the bases for research
CO-2 To know about research proposal and dissertation writing.
CO-3 To know about Statistical application in research
CO-4 To know about office tools used in research
CO-5 To know about search engines.

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-11 | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Research Methodology - An Introduction: Meaning of
Research, Objectives of Research, Types of Research,
Research Approaches, Importance of knowing how research is
CO1
I done, Research Process, Criteria of good research. Defining the 20 K1
Research Problem; Research Design; Sampling Design;
Methods of Data Collection; Processing and Analysis of Data;
Sampling Fundamentals
Review of literature, Writing the Research Report (Thesis and
publications): Components of research report - Title, Authors,
II Addresses, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and 20 CO2 K2 &K6
Methods, Results, Discussion, Summary, Acknowledgements
and Bibliography
Standard Deviation- T test. Analysis of Variance components
(ANOVA) for fixed effect model; Total, treatment and error of
squares, Degrees of freedom, Confidence interval; ANOVA for
random effects model, Estimation of variance components,
III 20 CO3 K3
Model adequacy checking. Two factor Factorial Design, Basic
definitions and principles, main effect and interaction, response
surface and contour plots, General arrangement for a two factor
factorial design
Spreadsheet Tool: Introduction to spreadsheet application,
features and functions, Using formulas and functions, Data
storing, Features for Statistical data analysis, Generating CO4
IV 20 K1 & K4
charts/ graph and other features. Presentation Tool:
Introduction to presentation tool, features and functions,
Creating presentation, Customizing presentation, Showing

49
 presentation. Tools used may be Microsoft Power Point, Open
Office or similar tool
Web Search: Introduction to Internet, Use of Internet and
WWW, Using search engine like Google, Yahoo, Pubmed,
V 10 CO5 K1 & K2
Science direct, Scopus etc, and Using advanced search
techniques
Reference Books:
• Montgomery, Douglas C. (2007), 5/e, Design and Analysis of Experiments, (Wiley India).
• Montgomery, Douglas C. & Runger, George C. (2007), 3/e, Applied Statistics & Probability
for Engineers (Wiley India).
• Kothari C.K. (2004), 2/e, Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques (New Age
International, New Delhi).
• Krishnaswamy, K.N., Sivakumar, Appa Iyer and Mathiranjan M. (2006), Management
Research Methodology; Integration of Principles, Methods and Techniques (Pearson
Education, New Delhi).
• The complete reference Office Xp – Stephan L. Nelson, Gujulia Kelly (TMH).
• Basic Computer Science and Communication Engineering – R. Rajaram (SCITECH).

Useful Websites
• www.ask.com/Methodology+Research
• www.qmethod.org/

50
 Core Paper-12
BIOSTATISTICS

Paper – 23
Title of the paper BIOSTATISTICS Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Core Paper 2nd 4th 5

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of all the statistical concepts, in
biology. The student will get to understand the core concepts of computation principles for
the data analysis.

Course outcomes:
At the end of the Course, the Student will be able to:
CO-1 To understand the major Methods of collection & presentation of data
CO-2 To provide basic knowledge about methods of analysis of variance
CO-3 To enlighten the students about the methods of setting hypothesis and calculation of
errors.
CO-4 To update the knowledge on Tests of significance for large and small samples.
CO-5 To assess and appraise the role of novel microbes in environment and integrate them
in specific innovative approaches.

SYLLABUS | CORE PAPER-12| BIOSTATISTICS

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Statistics – Scope –collection, classification, tabulation of
Statistical Data – Diagrammatic representation – graphs –
graph drawing – graph paper – plotted curve –Sampling CO1
method and standard errors –random sampling – use of random CO2 K1,K2,K3
I 20
numbers –expectation of sample estimates – means – CO3 & K4
confidence limits – standard errors – variance. Measures of
central tendency – measures of dispersion – skewness, kurtosis,
moments
Correlation and regression – correlation table – coefficient of
correlation – Z transformation – regression – relation between
CO1
regression and correlation. Probability – Markov chains K1,K2,K3
II 20 CO2
applications – Probability distributions – Binomial (Gaussian & K4
CO5
distribution) and negative binomial, compound and
multinomial distributions – Poisson distribution
Normal distribution – graphic representation.– frequency curve
and its characteristics –measures of central value, dispersion,
CO1
coefficient of variation and methods of computation – Basis of K1,K2,K3
III 20 CO4
Statistical Inference – Sampling Distribution – Standard error – & K4
CO5
Testing of hypothesis – Null Hypothesis –Type I and Type II
errors
Tests of significance for large and small samples based on CO1 K1,K2,K3
IV 20
Normal, t, z distributions with regard to mean, variance, CO2 & K4

51
 proportions and correlation coefficient – chi-square test of CO3
goodness of fit – contingency tables – c2 test for independence
of two attributes – Fisher and Behrens ‘d' test – 2×2 table –
testing heterogeneity – r X c table – chi-square test in genetic
experiments – partition X 2 – Emerson's method
Tests of significance –t tests – F tests – Analysis of variance –
one way classification – Two way classification, CRD, RBD, CO1
LSD. Spreadsheets – Data entry –mathematical functions – CO2 K1,K2,K3
V 10
statistical function – Graphics display – printing spreadsheets – CO4 & K4
use as a database word processes – databases – statistical CO5
analysis packages graphics/presentation packages
References Books:
• Veer bala Rastogi. 2011. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Ane books Pvt Ltd, Chennai.
• Rosner,B (2005), “Fundamentals of Biostatistics”, Duxbury Press.
• Warren,J; Gregory,E; Grant,R (2004), “Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics”,1st edition,
Springer
• Milton,J.S.(1992),. “Statistical methods in the Biological and Health Sciences”, 2nd edition
,Mc Graw Hill,
• Sundar Rao P. S.S., Jesudian G. & Richard J. (1987), “An Introduction to
• Biostatistics”, 2nd edition,. Prestographik, Vellore, India,.
• Zar, J.H. (1984) “Bio Statistical Methods”, Prentice Hall, International Edition

Useful Websites:
• www.statsoft.com/textbook/ biosun1.harvard.edu/
• www.bettycjung.net/Statsites.htm
• www.ucl.ac.uk/statistics/biostatistics

52
 Core Paper-13
Paper – 24
Title of the paper PROJECT VIVA VOCE Subject code:
Category of the course Year Semester Credits
nd
Project with viva voce 2 4th 7

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of academic research. The student will
get to understand the core concepts of pursuing research.

Elective Paper - VI
INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT
Paper – 25
Title of the paper INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT Subject code:
Category of the course Year Semester Credits
nd th
Elective Paper VI 2 4 3
Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of academic research. The student will
get to understand the core concepts of methodologies & ethics to pursue research.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 Ability to plan minimization of industrial wastes
CO-2 Ability to design facilities for the processing and reclamation of industrial waste water.
CO-3 Understand the design and working principle of various treatment methods.
CO-4 Manage sewage and industrial effluent issues.
CO-5 Develop the critical thinking on management of hazardous waste.

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER VI | INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Types of industrial wastes –Biodegradable industrial waste and
Non – biodegradable industrial waste. Sources of wastes -
municipal, medical, agriculture, industry, electronic,
CO1
I construction and demolition. Characteristics of industrial 15 K1
wastes – effects of industrial effluents on air, land, water and
land. Environmental legislations related to prevention and
control of industrial effluents and hazardous wastes.
Sources, Characteristics, waste treatment flow sheets for
selected industries such as Textiles, Tanneries,
II 15 CO2 K2 &K6
Pharmaceuticals, Dairy, Sugar, Paper, distilleries, Refineries,
fertilizer.
Effluent Treatment Plant – Need, design, mechanism, level of
treatment – primary, secondary and tertiary, advanced
III 10 CO3 K3
technology for tannery treatment - ETP Process Design for a
typical tannery industry.
Microbial degradation of plastics, oil, metals –
CO4
IV biotechnological methods for management of pollution – 10 K1 & K4
atmospheric CO2 reduction – sewage treatment – immobilized

53
 cells in the management of pollution.
Hazardous wastes – types – sources – effects; management -
V Membrane filtration, Nano-filtration - Physico chemical 10 CO5 K1 & K2
treatment – solidification – incineration – Secured landfills
Books for Study:
1. Rao M. N. & Dutta A. K. ―Wastewater Treatmentǁ, Oxford – IBH Publication, 1995.
2. Eckenfelder W.W. Jr., ―Industrial Water Pollution Controlǁ, McGraw Hill Book Company, New
Delhi, 2000.
3. Patwardhan. A.D., Industrial Wastewater Treatmentǁ, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi 2010.
4. Wastewater Treatment by M. N. Rao and A. K. Datta–Oxford I. B. H publishers
5. Industrial Wastewater Management, Treatment and Disposalǁ (WEF – MOP – FD3) McGraw Hill,
2008.

54
 Elective Paper - VI
BIOFERTILIZER AND ORGANIC FARMING

Paper – 25
Title of the paper BIOFERTILIZER AND ORGANIC Subject code:
FARMING
Category of the course Year Semester Credits

Elective Paper VI 2nd 4th 3

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of academic research. The student will
get to understand the core concepts of methodologies & ethics to pursue research.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 To understand about the importance of biofertilizer.
CO-2 To learn about the symbiotic relations of nitrogen fixers.
CO-3 To demonstrate the knowledge of ecofriendly agricultural inputs in biofertilizer
production.
CO-4 To understand the importance of organic farming.
CO-5 Build the practical knowledge on biofertilizers and composting methods.

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER VI | BIOFERTILIZER AND ORGANIC FARMING

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Introduction and scope of Biofertilizers. History of
CO1
I biofertilizers production. Types and classification of 10 K1
Biofertilizers.
Structure, characteristic features and mass Production of
bacterial biofertilizers- Rhizobium, Azospirillum and
II 15 CO2 K2 &K6
Azotobacter; Cyanobacterial biofertilizers- Blue – Green algae,
Nostoc.
Fungal biofertilizers- Vesicular – arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
(VAM Fungi). Azolla and application in rice fields. Phosphate
III solubilizing microbes - Isolation, characterization, mass 15 CO3 K3
inoculum production, field application – plant based
biofertilizer – neem – animal based biofertilizer – fish
Introduction, status, Components, Concepts, principles and
applications of Organic farming – advantages and
CO4
IV disadvantages – beneficial and non beneficial insects – 10 K1 & K4
common insecticides and pesticides -Production of Biogas and
its applications
Green manuring and organic fertilizers, Recycling of
biodegradable municipal and agricultural waste –
V 10 CO5 K1 & K2
Vermicomposting - types and method for municipal and
agricultural waste – field Application
Books for Study:
1. Dubey, R.C., 2005 A Text book of Biotechnology S. Chand & Co, New Delhi.
2. Kumaresan, V. 2005, Biotechnology, Saras Publications, New Delhi.
3. Kannaiyan, S. (2003). Biotechnology of Biofertilizers, CHIPS, Texas.
4. Mahendra K. Rai (2005). Hand book of Microbial biofertilizers, The Haworth Press, Inc. New

55
York.
5. Sathe, T.V. 2004 Vermiculture and Organic Farming. Daya publishers.
6. Vayas,S.C, Vayas, S. and Modi, H.A. 1998 Bio-fertilizers and organic ¬ Farming AktaPrakashan,
Nadiad.
7. Palaniappan, S.P., &Annadurai, 2016.Organic Farming: Theory and Practice, Scientific
Publishers, Jodhpur
Books for Reference:
1. Bagyaraj, D.J. and A. Manjunath. 1990. Mycorrhizal symbiosis and plant growth, Univ. of
Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.
2. Purohit, S.S., P.R. Kothari and S.K. Mathur, 1993. Basic and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro
Botanical Pub. India.

3. Subba Rao, N. S. 1988. Biological nitrogen fixation: recent developments, Mohan Primlani for
Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. (P) Ltd., India.
4. Subba Rao, N.S., G.S. Venkataraman and S. Kannaiyan 1993. Biological nitrogen fixation, ICAR
Pub., New Delhi.
5. Somani, L.L., S.C. Bhandari, K.K. Vyas and S.N. Saxena. 1990. Biofertilizers, Scientific
Publishers - Jodhpur.
6. Reddy, S.R., 2017. Principles of Organic Farming, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

56
 Elective Paper - VI
BIOENTREPRENEURSHIP
Paper – 25
Title of the paper BIOENTREPRENEURSHIP Subject code:
Category of the course Year Semester Credits

Elective Paper VI 2nd 4th 3

Learning Outcome:
The paper imparts a thorough knowledge on the basics of academic research. The student will
get to understand the core concepts of methodologies & ethics to pursue research.

Course outcomes:
CO-1 Students will be able to identify the Biotech based companies, products, services
and IPR
CO-2 Will understand the Business proposal for starting a company
CO-3 Will know the funding of biotech business
CO-4 Will aspire to set up Biotech enterprises
CO-5 Will analyse the Financial requirement for bioentrepreneurship

SYLLABUS | ELECTIVE PAPER VI | BIOENTREPRENEURSHIP

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Innovation and bioentrepreneurship:
Innovation as strategy in Biotech Companies – Biotechnology CO1
I 10 K1
based products and services – license and protection – IPR
issues in bioentrepreneurships – biosafety.
Major start-ups in Biotechnology, Concept and theories of
Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial traits and motivation,
II Nature and importance of Entrepreneurs, Government 15 CO2 K2 &K6
schemes for commercialization of technology (eg. Biotech
Consortium India Limited)
Funding of biotech business - funding for biotech in India -
support mechanisms for entrepreneurship -
III Bioentrepreneurship efforts in India, difficulties in India 15 CO3 K3
experienced, organizations supporting biotech growth, areas
of scope, biotech policy initiatives
Biotech enterprises: Desirables in start-up, Setting up Small,
Medium & Large scale industry, Quality control in Biotech
CO4
IV industries, Location of an enterprise, steps for starting a small 10 K1 & K4
industry, incentives and subsidies, exploring export
possibilities
Financial analysis: Ratio analysis, Investment process, Break
V even analysis, Profitability analysis, Budget and planning 10 CO5 K1 & K2
process.
Books for Study:
1. The Business of Biotechnology: From the Bench of the Street: By Richard Dana Ono Published
Butterworth- Heinemann, 1991.
2. Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology: Managing for growth from start-up By Martin Gross Mann,
2003
3. Innovation and entrepreneurship in biotechnology: Concepts, theories & cases by D. Hyne & John

57
Kapeleris, 2006
Books for Reference:
1. Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development and Management by Vasant Desai, Himalaya
Publishing House, 2005.
2. Projects Planning Analysis, Selection, Implementation & Review by Prasannan.
3. Best Practices in Biotechnology Education: By Yali Friedman, Published by Logos Press, 2008.

58
 SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE
STEM CELL BIOLOGY

Paper – 26
Title of the paper STEM CELL BIOLOGY Subject code:
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Skill Enhancement 2nd 4th 2
course

Learning Outcome:
The subject imparts knowledge on the fundamentals of stem cells. The student will be
provided with a basic knowledge and understanding about the application of stem cell
biology.

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the Course, the Student will be able to:

CO1 To understand the major discoveries of stem cell biology
CO2 To provide basic knowledge about stem cell niche and functions
CO3 To enlighten the students on Stem cell isolation and culture techniques
CO4 To update the knowledge on Stem cell cycle
CO5 To assess and appraise Applications of Embryonic stem cells.

SYLLABUS | SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE | STEM CELL BIOLOGY

Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Stem cells - Definition, Characterization, Pluripotency, Self-
renewal and differentiation. Types of stem cells- Embryonic CO1
I 15 K1
stem cells, Adult stem cells and mesenchymal stem Cells,
Adipose stem cells
Stem cell niche, Niche specification - Drosophila germ line
II stem cells. Receptors, genes and markers of stem cells 10 CO2 K1 & K2

Stem cell isolation and culture techniques. Characterization of CO3

III 10 K3, K4
stem cells
Stem cell cycle. Chromatin modification and transcriptional
regulation, chromatin modifying factors, Chromosomal
K3,K3 &
IV inactivation. JAK -STAT pathway, Ras\Raf pathway, PI3K cell 15 CO4
K5
signaling, p53 check points, Role of LIF pathway in cell cycle
control
Applications of Embryonic stem cells, Bone marrow stem
K3,K4 &
V cells, Adipose derived stem cells and Hematopoietic stem cells. 10 CO5
K5
Ethics in human stem cell research
Reference Books:
• Stem Cell Biology, Daniel Marshak, Richard L. Gardener and David Gottlieb, Cold Spring
Harbour Laboratory Press
• Stem cell biology and gene therapy, Booth C., Cell Biology International, Academic Press
• Stem Cell and Gene-Based Therapy: Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine, Alexander Battler,
Jonathan Leo, Springer, STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY Syllabus - Semester First

59
 References:
• Stem Cell Biology and Gene Therapy. Quesenberry PJ, Stein GS, eds. (£65.00.) Wiley, 1998.
• Progress in gene therapy, Volume 2,Pioneering stem cell/gene therapy trials, Roger
Bertolotti, Keiya Ozawa and H. Kirk Hammond, VSP international science publishers
• Stem Cells Handbook: Stewart Sell, Humana Press; Totowa NJ, USA; Oct. 2003,
• Human Embryonic Stem Cells: The Practical Handbook by Stephen Sullivan and Chad A
Cowan
•

60
 SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE
BIOETHICS, BIOSAFETY, CLINICAL TRIALS, IPR & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Paper – 26
Title of the paper BIOETHICS, BIOSAFETY, Subject code:
CLINICAL TRIALS, IPR &
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Category of the Year Semester Credits
course
Skill Enhancement 2nd 4th 2
course

Learning Outcome:
This course provides the guidelines and regulations governing research; evaluate ethical
conduct and social responsibilities; to adhere to safe working practices; to appreciate the need
for protection of human subjects; to recognize the potential harms in research and show
sensitivity to cultural and ethical issues; to create a general awareness about IPR.

Course Outcome:
CO-1 Understand the basics of biosafety and bioethics and its impact on biological
sciences and the importance of human life.
CO-2 Apply the knowledge to recognize the importance of biosafety guidelines
and good clinical practices.
CO-3 Acquire adequate knowledge in the use of genetically modified organisms
and its effect on human health.
CO-4 Evaluate the benefits of GM technology and importance of IPR
CO-5 Analyse the importance of protection of new knowledge and innovations and
its role in business and entrepreneurship

SYLLABUS | SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE | BIOETHICS, BIOSAFETY, CLINICAL

TRIALS, IPR & ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Unit Content Hours COs Cognitive
level
Introduction to Bioethics Need for bioethics in social and
cultural issues. Bioethics & GMO’s Issues and concerns
pertaining to Genetically modified foods & food crops, CO1 K2,K3 &
I 10
Bioethics in prenatal diagnosis, gene therapy, Organ K4
transplantation, Xenotransplantation, regulations on field
experiments and release of GMO`s labeling of GM foods.
Clinical trials – – preclinical studies and clinical studies
Regulations. Bioethics & Cloning Permissions and Procedures
K3, K4 &
II in Animal Cloning. Bioethics in the use of animals in 15 CO2
K5
research, human volunteers for Clinical research, Studies on
Ethnic races. Ethics in patient care, Informed consent.
Biosafety – Biological risk assessment. Biological agents and
Hazard groups. Criteria in biological risk assessment.
Guidelines for categorization of genetically modified plants CO3 K3,K4 &
III 10
for field test. Regulation, national and international guidelines K5
of Biosafety, rDNA guidelines, Regulatory requirements for
drugs and Biologics GLP. Biosafety levels. Safety equipments

61
 and Biological Safety cabinets.
IPR: Introduction to Intellectual Property rights, Patenting –
Factors for patentability – Novelty, Non-obviousness,
Marketability. Procedures for registration of Patents.
Copyright works, ownership, transfer and duration of
Copyright. Renewal and Termination of Copyright. Industrial
CO4 K4, K5 &
IV Designs - Need for Protection of Industrial Designs. 15
K6
Procedure for obtaining Design Protection. Infringement,
Right of Goodwill, Passing Off. Trademarks - Introduction to
Trademarks. Need for Protection of Trademarks.
Classification of Trademarks. Indian Trademarks Law.
Procedural Requirements of Protection of Trademarks
Geographical Indications - Indication of Source and
Geographical Indication. Procedure for Registration, Duration
of Protection and Renewal. Infringement, Penalties and
Remedies. Layout- Designs of Integrated Circuits: Conditions
and Procedure for Registration. Duration and Effect of
K4,K5 &
V Registration Protection of Plant variety and Plant breeders’ 10 CO5
K6
rights in India. Protection of traditional knowledge,
Bioprospecting and biopiracy. India’s new IP Policy (2016),
Govt of India’s steps to promote IPR. Career opportunities in
IP. Entrepreneurship: Definition and importance,
Characteristics and functions of an entrepreneur.
Reference Books:
• “Bioethics & Biosafety” by Sateesh MK, IK International publications, 2008
• USPTO Web Patent Databases at: www.uspto.gov/patft
• Government of India's Patents Website: patinfo.nic.in
• Intellectual property India: www.ipindia.nic.in
• “Indian Patent Law : Legal and Business Implications” by Ajit Parulekar, Sarita D'Souza
Macmillan India publication, 2006
• “Agriculture and Intellectual Property Rights”, edited by: Santaniello,V., Evenson, R.E.,
Zilberman, D. and Carlson, G.A. University Press publication, 2003
• Research papers and Reports provided from time to time
• Ganguli P, (2001), Intellectual Property Rights, Tata Mcgraw Hill.
• Ramesh Chandra, (2004), Issues Of Intellectual Property Rights, Isha Books.
• Erbisch F.h., Maredia K.M, (2000), Intellectual Property Rights In Agricultural
Biotechnology, Universities Press.
• Shiv Sahai Singh, (2004), Law Of Intellectual Property Rights, Deep & Deep Publications
(p) Ltd.
• Subbian A, Bhaskaran S, (2007), Intellectual Property Rights: Heritage, Science And Society
Int. Treaties, Deep & Deep Publications.
• Elad Harison (2008). Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Software Technologies.
Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, UK.

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