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Research Scraping
Water Preservation Using IoT: A proposed IoT System
for Detecting Water Pipeline Leakage
IoT is a complicated network to which many things are interconnected and automatically
configured and adaptive while connected to the Internet through the standard communication
protocols.
Water 4.0: enabling Smart Water and Environmental
Data Metering
The Water 4.0 Project
The water 4.0 project focuses on optimizing the management of water networks to provide
innovative technologies that can detect large-scale leaks, monitor, and control water quality and
optimize functional dynamics through data analysis.
This project is divided into three Macro phases.
A first theoretical phase has allowed analyzing the state-of the-art technologies and their
limitations, thus identifying the requirements that the project will have to satisfy.
A second phase focused on data collection has allowed adopting the state-of-the-art
technologies able to evaluate the status of the water distribution network, such as leakage
detection algorithms and so on.
Finally, the last phase foresees the real implementation and field validation of the proposed
solution.
The process of water 4.0 project:
1. Collection of data from IoT devices.
2. The system transmits the data to Cloud for storage.
Here, the main problem is it consumes more energy for this process.
Field represents the IoT devices and sensors deployed at the proximity of smart meters for
enabling data collection.
Problem Statement:
To improve the energy conservation of Water 4.0 system and improve its efficiency.
Smart Approach of Harvesting Rainwater and
Monitoring Using IoT
The proposed model is solar based rainwater harvesting monitoring using IOT, uses the solar
panel to charge the battery via charge controller.
The best way to get rid of it to wisely catch the water comes in the form of rain and drain them
responsibly.
The available ways of collecting rainwater are housetops, land surface or rock catchments.
India is facing the worst water crisis in its history. As per a report by NitiAyog twenty-one cities in
India can run out of groundwater by 2020.
According to Water Aid's report almost 80% of India's surface water has been contaminated.
There are four types of Rainwater Harvesting:
1. Water Butt
2. Direct Pumped
3. Indirect Pumped
4. Indirect Gravity
The present vital water crisis facing by India and globally, to sort out a solution there is a necessity
of continuous monitoring of underground water levels.
The main aim of harvesting rainwater to increase the possible amount of water to get recharged in
ground level.
Fog Intelligence for Secure Smart Villages:
This article explores the integration of DFC with IoT in improving security and privacy solutions for
villagers and Consumer Electronic (CE) devices.
1. The goal is likely to create safer and more private technology experiences for these groups.
IDS – Intrusion Detection System
DFC – Distributed Fog Computing
MTC – Machine Type Communication
SDC – Software Defined Networking
The smart villages can enable real-time data analytics and can automate decision-making for local
villagers in terms of agriculture, health care, transportation, environment, and energy.
Most of the IoT devices are resource restricted and use cloud servers to process and store data.
When IoT devices communicate with cloud computing data centers, the volume of data causes
network congestion.
IoT technology plays a vital role in allowing smart villages to provide cost-effective and efficient
solutions for villagers.
The main principle of fog computing is to extend the cloud closer to IoT devices, acting as an
intermediate layer between the IoT end user and the cloud.
Since the distance to be travelled by the data is reduced, it results in saving network
1.
bandwidth.
Cloud technology has several limitations, such as latency, volume, limited bandwidth, data
protection, and internet connectivity.
Fog computing is not a replacement for cloud computing, but it functions as an extension of the
cloud.
Although IoT-based smart villages aim to improve human life and ameliorate the quality of service
in several domains, its security issues remain a big challenge.
Fog Computing follows Distributed Architecture and Cloud follows Centralized Architecture.
Fog computing enables the deployment of parallel and distributed security solutions.
The IDS can benefit from DFC in providing a low latency that allows rapid response, resulting in a
decrease in potential damages caused by such attacks.
IDS is being benefited by DFC as it offers many functions regarding Cyber Threats.
Fog Computing requires high frequency transmission rate with minimum delay among distributed
Fog nodes.
SDN is a network architecture paradigm that enables a network topology to be managed and
programmed by software applications.
5G networks provide several benefits over current cellular networks including fast data
transmission, low latency, improved capacity, and enhanced coverage for Machine Type
Communication (MTC).
The use of virtual machines in place of physical network appliances is known as Network Function
Visualization (NFV).
The architecture of DFC provides fog data services, which comprise several functionalities such as
data management, data analysis, data security, and data virtualization.
Thus, DFC helps in real time data management and that results in taking efficient and rapid
decisions.
Application of Internet of the Things (IOT) for the Water
Conservation and Entrepreneurship in the Rural Area
The smart village is actually not a completely new concept for the Indian subcontinent.
Smart Village - Self Sufficient
There are three layers of IOT. The first layer consists of sensors, cameras, etc. The second layer
consist of connecting devices while the third layer includes application devices.
The Konkan region that experiences heavy rainfall in 4 months but face the drought for remaining
in the year.
Nearly 30% Rural population doesn’t even have proper drinking water facility.
The industries are not ready to invest in rural area due to the infrastructure and transportation
issues.
The quality of irrigation is being checked by using two parameters:
1. Moisture Content
2. Temperature
