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Chapter 3: Frame Analysis
UNIVRSITY OF BURAO
FACULTY OF ENGINEERIN
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025
SEMESTER: 5
LECTURER: KHALIF HASSAN MOHAMED
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Introduction
Frame structures are the structures having the
combination of beam, column and slab to resist the
lateral and gravity loads.
These structures are usually used to overcome the
large moments(bending forces) developing due to the
applied loading
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Types of Frames
Frames structures can be differentiated into:
Rigid frame structure
Braced frame structure
4 Rigid Structural Frames
The word rigid means ability to resist the deformation.
Rigid frame structures can be defined as the structures in which
beams & columns are made monolithically and act collectively to
resist the moments which are generating due to applied load.
Rigid frame structure provides more stability.
This type of frame structures resists the shear, moment and
torsion more effectively than any other type of frame structures.
5 Braced Structural Frames
In this frame system, bracing is usually provided between beams
and columns to increase their resistance against the lateral forces
and side-ways forces due to applied load.
Bracing is usually done by placing the diagonal members between
the beams and columns.
This frame system provides more efficient resistance against the
earthquake and wind forces.
This frame system is more effective than rigid frame system
6 Statically Determinate System of the Frame
A statically determinate system is a system in
which all the reactions of supports can be
determined by means of equations of equilibrium
(∑Fx,∑Fyand ∑M) and the internal forces also can
be found by method of sections.
A statically indeterminate system means that the
reactions and internal forces cannot be analyzed by
the application of the equations of static alone.
7 Statically Determinate System of the Frame --
The below equation is used to find the degree of
indeterminacy in frame structures.
I=(3𝑀+𝑅)−3𝐽−𝑛
Where:-
I is the degree of indeterminacy
M is the number of members
R is the number of the reactions
J is the number of the joints
n is the number of the intermediate hinge
8 Examples:
Calculate the degree of indeterminacy in the below frames:-
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10 Frame Reactions
For the following examples, calculate the reactions at the frame
supports.
Example-1
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Example-2
Calculate the reactions at the two supports under the applied load.
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Solution
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Example-3
14 Solution
14 Example-4
16 Example-5
17 Shear Force and Bending Moment
Diagram of the Frames
Procedure For Analysis
The procedure for analyzing statically determinate plane frames
involves the following steps:
1. Check for static determinacy: Ensure the frame is statically
determinate and stable.
2. Determine support reactions: Calculate reactions using
equilibrium equations and conditions.
3. Determine member end forces: Draw free-body diagrams and
solve equilibrium equations for unknown forces and moments.
4. Draw Shear force and Bending Moment Diagram
18 Example-1
For the given frame in Figure below , draw the normal force, shear
force and bending moment diagrams.
19 Solution-1
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Draw Normal force diagram, shear force diagram and Bending
Moment diagram
21 Example-2
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23 Example-3
24 Example-3
25 Example-4
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Example-5
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29 Problems:
30 Problems:
