Foreword

Welcome to value-conscious company. We are proud of the advanced engineering and

quality construction of each equipment we manufacture.

This manual explains the working of equipment. Please read it thoroughly and have all
the occupants follow the instructions carefully. Doing so will help you enjoy many years
of safe and trouble free operation.

When it comes to service remember that K.C. Engineers knows your equipment best
and is interested in your complete satisfaction. We will provide the quality maintenance
and any other assistance you may require.

All the information and specifications in this manual are current at the time of printing.
However, Because of K.C. Engineers policy of continual product improvement we
reserve the right to make changes at any time without notice.

Please note that this manual explains all about the equipment including options.
Therefore you may find some explanations for options not installed on your equipment.

You must follow the instructions and maintenance instructions given in the manual
carefully to avoid possible injury or damage. Proper maintenance will help ensure
maximum performance, greater reliability and longer life for the product.

K.C. Engineers
 Contents

1. Objective …………………………………… 1

2. Aim …………………………………… 1

3. Introduction …………………………………… 1

4. Theory …………………………………… 1

5. Description …………………………………… 3

6. Utilities Required …………………………………… 3

7. Experimental Procedure …………………………………… 3

8. Observation & Calculation …………………………………… 4

9. Nomenclature …………………………………… 5

10. Precautions & Maintenance Instructions….…………………………… 5

11. Troubleshooting …………………………………… 5

12. References …………………………………… 6

Plate & Frame Filter Press

 PLATE & FRAME FILTER PRESS

1. OBJECTIVE:

To study the operation of plate and frame filter press.

2. AIM:

To determine Specific cake resistance (α) and medium resistance (R).

3. INTRODUCTION

The separation of solids from a suspension in a liquid by means of porous medium or

screen which retains the solids and allow the liquid to pass is termed filtration. In
general the pores of the medium will be larger than the particles which are to be
removed, and the filter will work efficiently only after an initial deposit has been
trapped in the medium. Filtration is essentially a mechanical operation and is less
demanding in energy than evaporation or drying. The most suitable filter for any
given operation is the one which will fulfill the requirements at minimum overall cost.
The most important factors in filter selection are the specific resistance of filter cake,
the quantity to be filtered and the solid concentration.

4. THEORY:

Filtration involves the separation of solids from liquids by passing a suspension

through a permeable medium, which retains the particles.
FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE CAKE:
The basic filtration equation is:
dt α * µ * c µ*R
= 2
*v + --------- (1)
dv 2 A * ∆P A * ∆P
dt v 1
= a1 2
+ b1 ---------- (2)
dv 2 A ∆P A∆P
Where,
a 1 = α * µ * c and b1 = µ * R .

Plate & Frame Filter Press 1

 a) Under constant pressure filtration condition, integration of the above equation
yields:
t
= av + b
v
a1 b
Where, a = 2
and b = 1
2 A ∆P A∆P
Plot of t/v vs v yields constants a & b.

t/v Slope = a

Intercept = b

a 1 = 2 * A 2 * ∆P * a and b1 = A * ∆P * b
and so,
a1 b
α= and R = 1
µ *c µ
b) When true constant pressure filtration condition starts at ts & vs then the 1st equation
can be written as:
t − ts α *µ *c µ*R
= 2
* (v + v s ) + ---------- (3)
v − v s 2 * A * ∆P A * ∆P

t − ts
Using equation (3), plot of (sec / m3) vs. v (m3) yields:
v − vs

(t - ts) / (v - vs) Slope= a

Intercept = b+avs

Constant Pressure
vs Filtration

v
Constant α and R can be calculated as:
Plate & Frame Filter Press 2
 2 * A 2 * ∆P * a
α= ---------- (4)
µ *c
A * ∆P * b
R= ---------- (5)
µ

5. DESCRIPTION:

The set up consists of 7 plates and 6 frames. Frames are covered with filter cloth.
Feed is fed by gear pump at the top and filtrate collected at the bottom from each plate
by operating the cock. After removing cake, washing and cleaning can be done by
water provided by overhead tank. Inlet and outlet pressures are measured by pressure
gauges. Rate of filtrate removals is measured by calibrated tank provided.

6. UTILITIES REQUIRED:

1. Electricity Supply: Single phase, 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 amp socket with earth
connection.
2. Water Supply (Initial fill)
3. Drain required.
4. CaCo3: 10 kg.

7. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. Prepare slurry of CaCO3 in water (5%).

2. Filter the prepared solution and fed it in the feed tank.
3. Switch on the agitator of the feed tank.
4. Fix the plate and frames on the press.
5. Connect the outlet of the filter press to the filtrate tank.
6. Start the pump and allow feed to enter the press.
7. Record the Inlet slurry pressure, Pi and Outlet slurry pressure, Po.
8. Collect the filtrate in the receiver. Record the amount of filtrate collected v in
time t.
9. Run the filtration till there is appreciable fall in rate of filtrate collection.

Plate & Frame Filter Press 3

 8. OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

DATA:
NF = 6
Ac = 0.40 m2.
AF1 = 0.225 m2
µ = at 20°C = 0.001 Ns/m2
g = 9.81 m/sec2
OBSERVATION:
c = -------------- kg/m3 = ----------------
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.No t, sec h, cm Pi, kg/cm2 Po, kg/cm2

CALCULATIONS:
Ac × h
v=
100
S.No. t, sec v, m3 t/v

From the above table, plot the graph between v vs. t/v.
Then find out the slope & the intercept (i.e. a and b ).

∆P = Pi – Po * 98066.5 = ------------- N/m2

A = 2 × N F × AF 1 , m2 = -------------- m2

2 × A 2 × ∆P × a
α= , m/kg = -------------- m/kg
µ×c

Plate & Frame Filter Press 4

 A × ∆P × b
R= , m-1 = -------------- m-1
µ

9. NOMENCLATURE:

A = Slope of the graph

AF1 = Area of one frame, m2
AC = Area of filtrate tank, m2
A = Total Filtration Area, m2
B = Intercept of the graph
C = Concentration of the slurry, kg/m3
G = Acceleration due to gravity, m/sec2
Nf = Number of frame
∆P = Pressure drop, kg/cm2
Pi = Inlet pressure, kg/cm2
Po = Outlet pressure, kg/cm2
R = Medium Resistance, m-1
t = Time, sec.
v = Volume of filtrate collected in time t, m3
α = Specific Cake Resistance, m/kg
µ = Viscosity of the filtrate, Ns/m²
h = Height of filtrate finished collected in time t, cm

10. PRECAUTIONS & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Proper cleaning of plates and frames and its clothes is must.

2. Feed slurry is filtered before feeding it into the tank.
3. Plates & frames should be properly tightened.

11. TROUBLESHOOTING:

1. If the slurry is leaking more than enough detached the plate and frame, arrange
it properly and tight it again.
2. If the slurry is not coming properly than check whether the holes of the clothes
and frames are matching if not arrange it accordingly.

Plate & Frame Filter Press 5

 12. REFERENCES:

1. Coulson & Richardson, “Chemical Engineering Vol-2” 4th ed, Asian Books
Pvt.Lt, ND,1991, Page 303-309
2. George Granger Brown, “Unit Operations”, 1st ed, CBS Publishers &
Distributors, ND, 1995, Page 231-233

Plate & Frame Filter Press 6