CSEC Add Maths

Paper 2

June 2018

Solutions
 SECTION I

Answer BOTH questions.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

1. (a) (i) Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 for 𝑥 ≥ 0, find the inverse function, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥),

stating its domain. [4]

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4

Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).

𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 4

Interchange the variables 𝑥 and 𝑦.

𝑥 = 𝑦2 − 4

Making 𝑦 the subject of the formula.

𝑥 + 4 = 𝑦2

√𝑥 + 4 = 𝑦

Now, for the domain of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥),

𝑥+4≥0

𝑥 ≥ −4

∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = √𝑥 + 4 for 𝑥 ≥ −4
(ii) On the grid provided below, sketch 𝑓 −1 (𝑥). [2]

𝟔
𝒇(𝒙)
𝟓 ×

𝟒
𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙)
𝟑 ×

𝟐×

× ×
−𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓

−𝟏

−𝟐

−𝟑 ×

−𝟒×

−𝟓

−𝟔

Consider the coordinates:

𝑓(𝑥) → 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)

(0, −4) → (−4, 0)

(2, 0) → (0, 2)

(3, 5) → (5, 3)

(iii) State the relationship between 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥). [2]

The function 𝑓(𝑥) and the inverse function 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) are reflections in the

line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
(b) Derive the polynomial, 𝑃(𝑥), of degree 3 which has roots equal to 1, 2

and −4. [3]

Since 𝑃(𝑥) has roots equal to 1, 2 and −4, then by the Factor Theorem, the

corresponding factors are (𝑥 − 1), (𝑥 − 2) and (𝑥 + 4).

So, we have,

𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 4)

𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4)

𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8

𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 8

∴ The polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 8.

(c) An equation relating 𝑉 and 𝑡 is given by 𝑉 = 𝑘𝑎𝑡 where 𝑘 and 𝑎 are constants.

(i) Use logarithms to derive an equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 that can

be used to find the values of 𝑘 and 𝑎. [2]

𝑉 = 𝑘𝑎𝑡

log 𝑉 = log 𝑘𝑎𝑡

log 𝑉 = log 𝑘 + log 𝑎𝑡

log 𝑉 = log 𝑘 + 𝑡 log 𝑎

log 𝑉 = (log 𝑎)𝑡 + log 𝑘

which is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐,

where 𝑦 = log 𝑉 , 𝑚 = log 𝑎 , 𝑥 = 𝑡 and 𝑐 = log 𝑘.

(ii) If a graph of 𝑦 versus 𝑥 from the equation in part (c)(i) is plotted, a

straight line is obtained. State an expression for the gradient of the

graph. [1]

log 𝑉 = (log 𝑎)𝑡 + log 𝑘

which is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐,

where 𝑦 = log 𝑉 , 𝑚 = log 𝑎 , 𝑥 = 𝑡 and 𝑐 = log 𝑘.

∴ An expression for the gradient of the graph is 𝑚 = log 𝑎.

Total: 14 marks
2. (a) (i) Given that 𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3, express 𝑔(𝑥) in the form 𝑎(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 𝑘

where 𝑎, ℎ and 𝑘 are constants. [3]

= −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3

= −(𝑥 2 − 𝑥) − 3

1 1
= − (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4) − 3 − (−1) (4)

1 2 1
= − (𝑥 − 2) − 3 + 4

1 2 11
= − (𝑥 − 2) − which is in the form 𝑎(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 𝑘,
4

1 11
where 𝑎 = −1, ℎ = − 2 and 𝑘 = − .
4

1 2 11
∴ 𝑔(𝑥) = − (𝑥 − 2) − 4

(ii) On the grid provided below, sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥), showing the

maximum point and the 𝑦-intercept. [3]

1 2 11
𝑔(𝑥) = − (𝑥 − 2) − 4

1 11
The maximum point is of the form (−ℎ, 𝑘) which is (2 , − 4 )

𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3 where the 𝑦-intercept is 𝑐 = −3.

 𝟔

−𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐

−𝟏

−𝟐 1 11
( ,− )
2 4
×
−𝟑×(0,
−3)

−𝟒

−𝟓

−𝟔

(b) In a geometric progression, the 3rd term is 25 and the sum of the 1st and 2nd

terms is 150. Determine the sum of the first four terms, given that 𝑟 > 0. [4]

For a geometric progression, the 𝑛th term is

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1

Let the 1st term be 𝑇1 = 𝑎.

Let the 2nd term be 𝑇2 = 𝑎𝑟.

The sum of the 1st and 2nd terms is 150.

So, we have,

𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 = 150

The 3rd term, 𝑇3 , is 25.

𝑎𝑟 2 = 25

We have two equations that we can solve simultaneously for 𝑎 and 𝑟.

𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 = 150 → Equation 1

𝑎𝑟 2 = 25 → Equation 2

Rearranging Equation 2 gives:

25
𝑎= → Equation 3
𝑟2

Substituting Equation 3 into Equation 1 gives:

25 25
+ (𝑟 2 ) 𝑟 = 150
𝑟2

25 25
+ = 150
𝑟2 𝑟

(× 𝑟 2 )

25 + 25𝑟 = 150𝑟 2

(÷ 25)

1 + 𝑟 = 6𝑟 2

6𝑟 2 − 𝑟 − 1 = 0

(3𝑟 + 1)(2𝑟 − 1) = 0
Either 3𝑟 + 1 = 0 or 2𝑟 − 1 = 0
1 1
𝑟 = −3 𝑟=2

1
Since 𝑟 > 0, then 𝑟 = 2 .

1
Substituting 𝑟 = 2 into Equation 3 gives:

25
𝑎= 1 2
( )
2

25
𝑎= 1
( )
4

𝑎 = 100

The sum of 𝑛 terms is:

𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 = 1−𝑟

1
Substituting 𝑎 = 100, 𝑟 = 2 and 𝑛 = 4 gives:

1 4
100[1−( ) ]
2
𝑆4 = 1
1−( )
2

1
100(1− )
16
𝑆4 = 1
2

15
𝑆4 = 2(100) (16)

1
𝑆4 = 187 2

1
∴ The sum of the first four terms is 𝑆4 = 187 2 .
(c) If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the roots of the equation 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0, determine the
1 1
value of 𝛼2 + 𝛽2 . [4]

2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0

which is in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0,

where 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −5 and 𝑐 = 3.

𝑏
𝛼 + 𝛽 = −𝑎

(−5)
𝛼+𝛽 =− 2

5
𝛼+𝛽 =2

𝑐
𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎

3
𝛼𝛽 = 2

Consider,

(𝛼 + 𝛽)2 = 𝛼 2 + 2𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽 2

𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 2𝛼𝛽

5 2 3
𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = (2) − 2 (2)

25
𝛼 2 + 𝛽2 = −3
4

13
𝛼 2 + 𝛽2 = 4

Now,
1 1 𝛼2 +𝛽 2
+ 𝛽2 =
𝛼2 𝛼2 𝛽 2

13
1 1 ( )
4
+ 𝛽2 = 3 2
𝛼2 ( )
2

1 1 13 3 2
+ 𝛽2 = ÷ (2)
𝛼2 4

1 1 13 9
+ 𝛽2 = ÷4
𝛼2 4

1 1 13 4
+ 𝛽2 = ×9
𝛼2 4

1 1 13
+ 𝛽2 =
𝛼2 9

1 1 13
∴ The value of 𝛼2 + 𝛽2 = .
9

Total: 14 marks
 SECTION II

Answer BOTH questions.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

3. (a) Determine the equation of the circle that has centre (5, −2) and passes

through the origin. [3]

Points are 𝐶(5, −2) and (0, 0).

A sketch is shown below:

(0, 0)
𝑟

𝐶(5, −2)

Radius of circle, 𝑟 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Radius of circle, 𝑟 = √(5 − 0)2 + (−2 − 0)2

Radius of circle, 𝑟 = √(5)2 + (−2)2

Radius of circle, 𝑟 = √25 + 4

Radius of circle, 𝑟 = √29 units

The standard form for the equation of the circle is:

(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2
 Substituting 𝐶(5, −2) and 𝑟 = √29 units gives:
2
(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = (√29)

(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 29

∴ The equation of the circle is: (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 29

(b) Determine whether the following pair of lines is parallel. [2]

𝑥+𝑦 =4

3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −3

𝑥+𝑦 =4 → Equation 1

3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −3 → Equation 2

Rearranging Equation 1 gives:

𝑦 = −𝑥 + 4 which is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐,

where 𝑚 = −1 and 𝑐 = 4.

Rearranging Equation 2 gives:

−2𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 3
3 3
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2 which is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐,

3 3
where 𝑚 = 2 and 𝑐 = 2.

3
Since −1 ≠ 2 , the gradients are not the same.

∴ The lines are not parallel.

(c) The position vectors of two points, 𝐴 and 𝐵, relative to a fixed origin, 𝑂, are

given by ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝒊̂ − 5𝒋̂, where 𝒊̂ and 𝒋̂ represent the unit
𝑂𝐴 = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ and 𝑂𝐵

vectors in the 𝑥 and 𝑦 directions respectively. Calculate

(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
the magnitude of 𝐴𝐵 [4]

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝒊̂ − 5𝒋̂
𝑂𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2)
𝑂𝐴 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 3 )
𝑂𝐵
1 −5

Using the triangle law,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐵
𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 3 ) − (2)
𝐴𝐵
−5 1

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 3−2
𝐴𝐵 = ( )
−5 − 1

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 1 )
𝐴𝐵
−6

Now,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = √(1)2 + (−6)2

Magnitude of 𝐴𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = √1 + 36
Magnitude of 𝐴𝐵

Magnitude of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = √37 units

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is √37 units.

∴ The magnitude of 𝐴𝐵
(ii) the angle 𝐴𝑂̂𝐵, giving your answer to the nearest whole number. [3]

Consider the sketch below:

𝑂 𝜃

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝒊̂ − 5𝒋̂
𝑂𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2)
𝑂𝐴 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 3 )
𝑂𝐵
1 −5

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2) ⋅ ( 3 )

𝑂𝐴 ⋅ 𝑂𝐵
1 −5

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2)(3) + (1)(−5)

𝑂𝐴 ⋅ 𝑂𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑂𝐵
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 6 − 5

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 1
𝑂𝐴 ⋅ 𝑂𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √(2)2 + (1)2

|𝑂𝐴

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √4 + 1
|𝑂𝐴

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √5
|𝑂𝐴

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √(3)2 + (−5)2

|𝑂𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √9 + 25
|𝑂𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √34
|𝑂𝐵
Now,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅𝑂𝐵
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
cos 𝜃 = |𝑂𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ||𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |

1
cos 𝜃 =
√5√34

1
𝜃 = cos−1 ( )
√5√34

𝜃 = 86° (to the nearest whole number)

∴ The angle 𝐴𝑂̂𝐵 = 86°.

Total: 12 marks
4. (a) A wire in the form of a circle with radius 4 𝑐𝑚 is reshaped in the form of a

sector of a circle with radius 10 𝑐𝑚. Determine, in radians, the angle of the

sector, giving your answer in terms of 𝜋. [4]

Circumference of circle = 2𝜋𝑟

Circumference of circle = 2𝜋(4)

Circumference of circle = 8𝜋 𝑐𝑚

Perimeter of sector = 𝑟 + 𝑟 + 𝑟𝜃

Perimeter of sector = 10 + 10 + 10𝜃

Perimeter of sector = 20 + 10𝜃

Now,

Circumference of circle = Perimeter of sector

8𝜋 = 20 + 10𝜃

8𝜋 − 20 = 10𝜃
8𝜋−20
=𝜃
10

2(4𝜋−10)
𝜃= 2(5)

4𝜋−10
𝜃= radians
5

4𝜋−10
∴ The angle of the sector is 𝜃 = radians.
5
(b) Solve the equation sin2 𝜃 + 3 cos 2𝜃 = 2 for 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋. Give your answer(s)

to 1 decimal place. [4]

sin2 𝜃 + 3 cos 2𝜃 = 2

sin2 𝜃 + 3(1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) = 2

sin2 𝜃 + 3 − 6 sin2 𝜃 = 2

3 − 5 sin2 𝜃 = 2

−5 sin2 𝜃 = 2 − 3

−5 sin2 𝜃 = −1
−1
sin2 𝜃 = −5

1
sin2 𝜃 = 5

1
sin 𝜃 = ±
√5

Consider,
1 𝑐
sin 𝜃 =
√5 + + 0.46

𝜃 = 0.46𝑐 , 𝜋 − 0.46𝑐

𝜃 = 0.46𝑐 , 2.68𝑐

𝜃 = 0.5𝑐 , 2.7𝑐 (to 1 decimal place)

Consider,
1
sin 𝜃 = −
√5

No solutions since sine is not negative for the interval 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋.

∴ 𝜃 = 0.5𝑐 and 𝜃 = 2.7𝑐 for 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋.

 1 1 2 tan 𝑥
(c) Prove the identity 1−sin 𝑥 − 1+sin 𝑥 ≡ . [4]
cos 𝑥

Taking L.H.S:

1 1 1+sin 𝑥−(1−sin 𝑥)
− 1+sin 𝑥 = (1−sin 𝑥)(1+sin 𝑥)
1−sin 𝑥

1 1 1+sin 𝑥−1+sin 𝑥
− 1+sin 𝑥 =
1−sin 𝑥 1−sin2 𝑥

1 1 2 sin 𝑥
− 1+sin 𝑥 = 1−sin2 𝑥
1−sin 𝑥

1 1 2 sin 𝑥
− 1+sin 𝑥 =
1−sin 𝑥 cos2 𝑥

1 1 2 sin 𝑥 1
− 1+sin 𝑥 = × cos 𝑥
1−sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

1 1 2 tan 𝑥 1
− 1+sin 𝑥 = × cos 𝑥
1−sin 𝑥 1

1 1 2 tan 𝑥
− 1+sin 𝑥 =
1−sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

1 1
− 1+sin 𝑥 = R.H.S.
1−sin 𝑥

1 1 2 tan 𝑥
∴ 1−sin 𝑥 − 1+sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
Q.E.D.

Total: 12 marks
 SECTION III

Answer BOTH questions.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

5. (a) Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 1, determine

(i) the coordinates of the stationary points [5]

𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 1

𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
At stationary points, 𝑑𝑥 = 0.

𝑑𝑦
When 𝑑𝑥 = 0,

3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 0

𝑥(3𝑥 + 4) = 0

Either 𝑥=0 or 3𝑥 + 4 = 0
4
𝑥 = −3

4
When 𝑥 = 0, When 𝑥 = − 3

4 3 4 2
𝑦 = (0)3 + 2(0)2 − 1 𝑦 = (− 3) + 2 (− 3) − 1

5
𝑦 = −1 𝑦 = 27

4 5
∴ The coordinates of the stationary points are (0, −1) and (− 3 , 27).
(ii) the nature of EACH stationary point [5]

𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦
= 6𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑥 2

When 𝑥 = 0,

𝑑2 𝑦
= 6(0) + 4
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
= 0+4
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
= 4 (> 0)
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
Since 𝑑𝑥 2 > 0, then (0, −1) is a minimum point.

4
When 𝑥 = − 3,

𝑑2 𝑦 4
= 6 (− 3) + 4
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
= −8 + 4
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
= −4 (< 0)
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦 4 5
Since 𝑑𝑥 2 < 0, then (− 3 , 27) is a maximum point.
(b) Differentiate 𝑦 = 2𝑥√(4 − 8𝑥) with respect to 𝑥, simplifying your

answer. [4]

𝑦 = 2𝑥√(4 − 8𝑥)
1
𝑦 = 2𝑥(4 − 8𝑥)2

which is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣.

1
Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 , 𝑣 = (4 − 8𝑥)2
1
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 1
=2 = 2 (−8)(4 − 8𝑥)2 − 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑑𝑣
= −4(4 − 8𝑥)− 2
𝑑𝑥

Using the product rule,

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
=𝑢 +𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝑑𝑦
= (2𝑥)(−4)(4 − 8𝑥)− 2 + (4 − 8𝑥)2 (2)
𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝑑𝑦
= −8𝑥(4 − 8𝑥)− 2 + 2(4 − 8𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥

1
𝑑𝑦
= (4 − 8𝑥)− 2 [−8𝑥 + 2(4 − 8𝑥)1 ]
𝑑𝑥

1
𝑑𝑦
= (4 − 8𝑥)− 2 (−8𝑥 + 8 − 16𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

1
𝑑𝑦
= (4 − 8𝑥)− 2 (8 − 24𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 8(1−3𝑥)
= 1
𝑑𝑥 (4−8𝑥)2

𝑑𝑦 8(1−3𝑥)
∴ 𝑑𝑥 =
√(4−8𝑥)

Total: 14 marks
6. (a) Show, using integration, that the finite area of the curve 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 in the first
4𝜋
quadrant bounded by the line 𝑥 = is smaller than the finite region of
9

𝑦 = cos 𝑥 in the same quadrant and bounded by the same line. [6]

𝑦 = sin 𝑥
4𝜋
The limits are 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = .
9

𝑏
Area of region = ∫𝑎 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

4𝜋
Area of region = ∫09 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

4𝜋
Area of region = [− cos 𝑥]09

4𝜋
Area of region = − cos ( 9 ) − [− cos(0)]

Area of region = −0.174 + 1

Area of region = 0.826 units 2 (to 3 decimal places)

Now, 𝑦 = cos 𝑥.
4𝜋
The limits are 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = .
9

𝑏
Area of region = ∫𝑎 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

4𝜋
Area of region = ∫09 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

4𝜋
9
Area of region = [sin 𝑥]0

4𝜋
Area of region = sin ( 9 ) − sin(0)

Area of region = 0.985 units 2 (to 3 decimal places)

 Since 0.826 < 0.985, then the area of the curve 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 in the first quadrant
4𝜋
bounded by the line 𝑥 = is smaller than the finite region of 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 in
9

the same quadrant and bounded by the same line.

Q.E.D.

(b) The finite region in the first quadrant bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3,

the 𝑥-axis and the line 𝑥 = 4 is rotated completely about the 𝑥-axis.

Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed. [4]

𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 3

𝑦 2 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3)2

The limits are 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 4.

𝑏
Volume of the solid = 𝜋 ∫𝑎 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

4
Volume of the solid = 𝜋 ∫0 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3)2 𝑑𝑥

4
Volume of the solid = 𝜋 ∫0 (𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥

4
Volume of the solid = 𝜋 ∫0 (𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9) 𝑑𝑥

4
𝑥5 2𝑥 4 7𝑥 3 6𝑥 2
Volume of the solid = 𝜋 [ 5 + + + + 9𝑥]
4 3 2 0

4
𝑥5 𝑥4 7𝑥 3
Volume of the solid = 𝜋 [ 5 + + + 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥]
2 3 0

(4)5 (4)4 7(4)3

Volume of the solid = 𝜋 [ + + + 3(4)2 + 9(4)] − 0
5 2 3

1024 448
Volume of the solid = 𝜋 ( + 128 + + 48 + 36)
5 3

8492𝜋
Volume of the solid = units3
15

8492𝜋
∴ The volume of the solid of revolution formed is units3 .
15
 𝑑𝑦
(c) A curve which has a gradient of 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 1 passes through the point 𝐴(4, 1).

Find the equation of the curve. [4]

𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = ∫(3𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥

3𝑥 2
𝑦= −𝑥+𝑐
2

Substituting point 𝐴(4, 1) gives:

3(4)2
1= − (4) + 𝑐
2

1 = 24 − 4 + 𝑐

1 = 20 + 𝑐

𝑐 = 1 − 20

𝑐 = −19

3𝑥 2
∴ The equation of the curve is: 𝑦 = − 𝑥 − 19
2

Total: 14 marks
 SECTION IV

Answer only ONE question.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

7. (a) The number of runs scored by a cricketer for 18 consecutive innings is

illustrated in the following stem-and-leaf diagram.

0 2 3 6 7

1 0 3 5 8 9

2 4 4 6 8

3 1 4 5

4 5 7

Key 𝟎|𝟔 means 6

(i) Determine the median score. [2]

The raw data set is:

2 3 6 7 10 13 15 18 19

24 24 26 28 31 34 35 45 47

19+24
Median = 2

43
Median = 2

Median = 21.5

∴ The median score is 21.5.

(ii) Calculate the interquartile range of the scores. [3]

The lower quartile occurs at the middle value between the 1st and the

9th value. This is the 5th value.

So, 𝑄1 = 10.

The upper quartile occurs at the middle value between the 10th and

the 18th value. This is the 14th value.

So, 𝑄3 = 31.

Now,

Interquartile Range = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1

Interquartile Range = 31 − 10

Interquartile Range = 21

(iii) In the space below, construct a box-and whisker plot to illustrate the

data and comment on the shape of the distribution. [4]

The box-and-whisker plot is shown below:

2 47

10 21.5 31

| | | | | | | | | | |
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
The median is located just around the middle of the box and which

indicates that the data is almost symmetric. However, the fourth

quartile which is the right whisker is noticeably longer than the other

three quartiles. This indicates that there is more variability among the

larger scores than among the smaller scores.

(b) Insecticides 𝐴, 𝐵 or 𝐶 are applied on lots 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑆. The same crop is planted

on each lot and the lots are of the same size. The probability that a group of

farmers will select 𝐴, 𝐵 or 𝐶 is 40%, 25% and 35% respectively. The

probability that insecticide 𝐴 is successful is 0.8, that 𝐵 is successful is 0.65,

and that 𝐶 is successful is 0.95.

(i) Illustrate this information on a tree diagram showing ALL the

probabilities on ALL branches. [3]

The tree diagram is shown below:

𝑃(𝐴|𝑆) = 0.8

𝑃(𝐴|𝑆′) = 0.2
𝑃(𝐴) = 0.4

𝑃(𝐵|𝑆) = 0.65
𝑃(𝐵) = 0.25

𝑃(𝐵|𝑆′) = 0.35

𝑃(𝐶) = 0.35
𝑃(𝐶|𝑆) = 0.95

𝑃(𝐶|𝑆′) = 0.05
 (ii) An insecticide is selected at random, determine the probability that it

is unsuccessful. [3]

Probability = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝑆 ′ ) + 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝑆 ′ ) + 𝑃(𝐶 ∩ 𝑆 ′ )

Probability = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐴|𝑆 ′ ) + 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐵|𝑆 ′ ) + 𝑃(𝐶)𝑃(𝐶|𝑆 ′ )

Probability = (0.4)(0.2) + (0.25)(0.35) + (0.35)(0.05)

Probability = 0.08 + 0.0875 + 0.0175

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 0.185

∴ The probability that it is unsuccessful is 0.185.

(c) A regular six-sided die is tossed 2 times.

(i) Calculate the probability of obtaining a 5 on the 2nd toss, given that a 5

was obtained on the 1st toss. [2]

Let 𝐴 represent the event that a ‘5’ is obtained on the second toss.

Let 𝐵 represent the event that a ‘5’ is obtained on the first toss.

𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)

1 1
×
6 6
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 1
6

1
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 6

∴ The probability of obtaining a 5 on the 2nd toss, given that a 5 was

1
obtained on the 1st toss is 6 .
(ii) Determine the probability that a 5 is obtained on both tosses. [2]

𝑃(5 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠) = 𝑃(5 𝑜𝑛 1𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑠) × 𝑃(5 𝑜𝑛 2𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑠)

1 1
𝑃(5 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠) = 6 × 6

1
𝑃(5 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠) = 36

1
∴ The probability that a 5 is obtained on both tosses is 36 .

(iii) Explain why the answers in (c)(i) and (c)(ii) are different. [1]

The answer in (c)(i) is based on conditional probability. It requires

the probability of 𝐴 only given that 𝐵 has occurred before.

The answer in (c)(ii) was calculated based on two independent

events, that is, the occurrence of the first event does not affect the

occurrence of the second event.

Total: 20 marks
8. (a) A particle moves in a straight line so that its distance, 𝑠 metres, after 𝑡

seconds, measured from a fixed point, 𝑂, is given by the function

𝑠 = 𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 + 𝑡 − 1.

Determine

(i) its velocity when 𝑡 = 2 [2]

𝑠 = 𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 + 𝑡 − 1

𝑑𝑠
𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡

𝑑
𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 + 𝑡 − 1)

𝑣 = 3𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 + 1

When 𝑡 = 2,

𝑣 = 3(2)2 − 4(2) + 1

𝑣 = 3(4) − 8 + 1

𝑣 = 12 − 8 + 1

𝑣 = 5 𝑚𝑠 −1

∴ The velocity when 𝑡 = 2 is 𝑣 = 5 𝑚𝑠 −1.

(ii) the values of 𝑡 when the particle is at rest [4]

When the particle is at rest, 𝑣 = 0.

𝑣 = 3𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 + 1.

When 𝑣 = 0,
 3𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 + 1 = 0

(3𝑡 − 1)(𝑡 − 1) = 0

Either 3𝑡 − 1 = 0 or 𝑡−1=0

3𝑡 = 1 𝑡=1
1
𝑡=3

1
∴ The values of 𝑡 when the particle is at rest are 𝑡 = 3 and 𝑡 = 1.

(iii) the distance between the rest points [3]

1
The rest points occurs at 𝑡 = 3 and 𝑡 = 1.

1
When 𝑡 = 3 ,

1 3 1 2 1
𝑠 = (3) − 2 (3) + (3) − 1

1 2 1
𝑠 = 27 − 9 + 3 − 1

23
𝑠 = − 27 𝑚

When 𝑡 = 1 ,

𝑠 = (1)3 − 2(1)2 + (1) − 1

𝑠 =1−2+1−1

𝑠 = −1 𝑚
 23
Distance between rest points = − 27 − (−1)

23
Distance between rest points = − 27 + 1

23 27
Distance between rest points = − 27 + 27

4
Distance between rest points = 27 𝑚

4
∴ The distance between rest points is 27 𝑚.

(iv) the time at which the maximum velocity occurs [3]

𝑣 = 3𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 + 1

𝑑𝑣
𝑎= 𝑑𝑡

𝑑
𝑎 = 𝑑𝑡 (3𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 + 1)

𝑎 = 6𝑡 − 4

At maximum velocity, 𝑎 = 0.

When 𝑎 = 0,

6𝑡 − 4 = 0

6𝑡 = 4
4
𝑡=6

2
𝑡=3

2
∴ The time at which the maximum velocity occurs is 𝑡 = 3 .
(b) A bus starts from rest at Station 𝐴 and travels a distance of 80 𝑘𝑚 in 60

minutes to Station 𝐵. Since the bus arrived at Station 𝐵 early, it remained

there for 20 minutes then started the journey to Station 𝐶. The time taken to

travel from Station 𝐵 to Station 𝐶 was 90 minutes at an average speed of

80 𝑘𝑚ℎ−1.

(i) On the grid provided on page 27, draw a distance-time graph to

illustrate the motion of the bus. [3]

From Station 𝐴, the bus travels a distance of 80 𝑘𝑚 in 60 minutes.

This is represented by a straight line with positive gradient from

point (0, 0) to point (60, 80).

Next, the bus remains for 20 minutes at 𝐵.

Time passed = 60 + 20

Time passed = 80 minutes

The distance covered remains at 80 𝑘𝑚.

So, the point is (80, 80).

Lastly, the time taken to travel from Station 𝐵 to Station 𝐶 was 90

minutes at an average speed of 80 𝑘𝑚ℎ−1 .

90
90 minutes = 60 hours

3
90 minutes = 2 hours
Recall:

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Speed = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
80 = 3
2

3
Distance = 2 × 80

Distance = 120 𝑘𝑚

Time passed = 80 + 90

Time passed = 170 minutes

Distance covered = 80 + 120

Distance covered = 200 𝑘𝑚

So, the point is (170, 200).

Distance
(𝒌𝒎)

𝑪
Title: Graph showing distance vs. time

Distance vs Time Time (min)

 (ii) Determine the distance from Station 𝐵 to Station 𝐶. [2]

Distance = 200 − 80

Distance = 120 𝑚

∴ The distance from Station 𝐵 to Station 𝐶 is 120 𝑚.

(iii) Determine the average speed from Station 𝐴 to Station 𝐵,

in 𝑘𝑚ℎ−1 . [3]

Distance = 80 𝑘𝑚

Time = 60 minutes

Time = 1 hour

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Average speed = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

80
Average speed = 1

Average speed = 80 𝑘𝑚ℎ−1

∴ The average speed from Station 𝐴 to Station 𝐵 is 80 𝑘𝑚ℎ−1.

Total: 20 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.