School of the Arts, Singapore

Biology
BI 306 Transport in Humans

Name: __________________________________[ ] Class:________________

Section A – Multiple-Choice Questions

Answer all questions. For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best
and indicate your choice in the box provided below.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Answer

1. What is/are transported by the blood?

I. Carbon dioxide
II. Antibodies
III. Urea

A. I only

B. I and II only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

2. What is a similarity between arteries and capillaries?

A. They both have elastic and muscular walls.

B. They both transport blood at high pressure.

C. Neither has permeable walls.

D. Neither has valves.

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3. What is the average normal heartbeat of an adult?

A. 62

B. 72

C. 82

D. 92

4. The figure below shows a photograph of blood as seen with a microscope.

Which of the following correctly shows the function of the cells labeled 1, 2 and 3?

Production of antibodies Phagocytosis Transport of oxygen

A. 1 2 3

B. 3 2 1

C. 2 1 3

D. 1 3 2

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5. What is happening in the heart when the semi-lunar valves are closed?
I. Blood is entering the aorta.
II. Blood is entering the pulmonary artery.
III. Blood is entering the ventricles.
IV. The ventricles are contracting.

A. III only

B. I and II only

C. II and III only

D. III and IV only

6. What are the conditions of the blood travelling through the pulmonary vein?

Oxygen level Carbon dioxide level Pressure

A. Low High Low

B. Low Low High

C. High Low Low

D. High Low High

7. The diagram below shows the human heart. Which parts contain the most oxygenated
blood?

A. P and T
B. Q, R and S
C. T, U, V and W
D. T, U, R and S
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8. The diagram shows the external structure of the heart.

In which two vessels would a deposit of cholesterol increase the likelihood of coronary
heart disease?

A. 1 and 2
B. 3 and 4
C. 5 and 6
D. 7 and 8

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9. The diagram shows changes of pressure during the cardiac cycle.

Which is an explanation of the processes happening?

A. During phase I, pressure in the left ventricle decreases while it increases in the
aorta during contraction of the left atrium.
B. In phase II, pressure rises in the aorta because the left ventricle is contracting.
C. In phase III, pressure decreases in the aorta because the left atrium is
relaxing.
D. In phase III, there is a constant increase of pressure in the aorta as both left
atrium and ventricle are at rest.

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Section B – Structured Questions
Answer all questions. Write your answer in the space provided.

Question 1
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is common in some families, with men being more
susceptible to the disease than women. Researchers in Finland carried out an investigation
to determine whether the pattern within families was the same for women as for men. The
graph shows how the risk of developing CHD in men and women of certain ages depends on
whether they had a brother or sister with the disease.

(a) State the risk of a man developing CHD between the ages of 55–59 if his
brother had CHD. [1]

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(b) Calculate the increase in risk over the control group for a woman of 60–64 of
developing CHD if her sister had the disease. [1]

(c) Compare and contrast the results for the men and the women. [3]

(d) Suggest two reasons why a man is more likely to develop CHD if his brother
had the disease. [2]

[Total: 7 marks]

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Question 2
The diagram below shows a section through a human heart.

(a) Explain the function of the structure labeled X. [3]

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(b) Explain why the region labeled Y is thicker than the region labeled Z. [3]

(c) Explain how the atrioventricular valves ensure one-way flow of blood through
the heart. [2]

[Total: 8 marks]

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Question 3
The cardiac cycle describes the events that occur during one heartbeat. The following
diagram shows the changes in blood pressure that occur within the left atrium, left ventricle
and aorta during one heartbeat.

(a) In the table below, match each event during the cardiac cycle with an
appropriate number 1 to 7 given in the diagram.
You should put only one number in each box. You may use each number once,
more than once or not at all. [5]

Event during the cardiac cycle Number

Bicuspid valve opens

Ventricle contracts

Aortic valve closes

Ventricle and atrium both relax

Aortic valve opens

[Total: 5 marks]
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Question 4
The photomicrograph shows a coronary artery and a cardiac vein.

(a) Label the artery and the vein. [1]

(b) Describe one characteristic of the artery and vein, which helped you to identify
them. [1]

(c) State a substance, other than oxygen and antibodies, carried by both arteries
and veins. [1]

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(d) Explain how the structure of capillaries relates to their functions. [3]

[Total: 6 marks]

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Question 5
In a healthy heart, the septum separates the left and right sides of the heart. In some rare
cases, the septum has not developed completely.

(a) Describe how this affects the quality of blood entering the aorta and how this
may affect a person’s activity. [2]

(b) Identify the cause of the first and second sounds of the heartbeat. [1]

(c) State two differences between the pulmonary and systemic circulations. [2]

Pulmonary Systemic

[Total: 5 marks]

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Section C – Extended Response Question
Answer the question. Write your answer in the space provided.

Explain the events of the cardiac cycle in mammals. [6]

[Total: 6 marks]

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