4 SECONDARY MATHEMATICS
= 3 / a x a x a x a x a x a x 3/b x b x b
=axaxb
= a^
Example 6
The volume of a cube is 1 000 cm . What is the length of the cube?
J
Solution
Volume of the cube, V = P
P = 1000
I = 3/iooo
= 3/l0 x 10 x 10
= 10
.-. The length of the cube is 10 cm.
Exercise 1.3
1- (a) 3/64 ^3/l25 ( ) ^3 375
c
27 93
(d) 3/S64 (e) 3/0512 (f) 3 ^
125
2. Evaluate:
3/^V 0>) 3 p 7 3/^7 <> ^ 2 7 x V
d
3. Find:
064 x 125 ~ , , 135.01 x 21.952
343 w V 6.859
(c) 3/(x - y)(x + y ) , when x = 76 and y = 49
4. The volume of a sphere is given by 171 r . Find the radius of a sphere
3
whose volume is 1047.816 cm . (Take 7t to be ^ )
3
The volume of material used to make a cube is 1 728 cm . What is the
3
length of the side of the cube?
6. The volume of water in a measuring cylinder reads 200 cm . When a 3
cube is immersed into the water, the cylinder reads 543 cm . Find: 3
(a) the volume of the cube.
(b) the length of the side of the cube.
p- . y A metallic cuboid measuring 16 cm by 8 cm by 4 cm was melted. The
material was then used to make a cube. What was the length of the cube?
Chapter Two
RECIPROCALS
2.1: Reciprocals of Numbers by Division
If the reciprocal of a number a is b, this implies that a x b =1. This means that
b= i.
a
For example, the reciprocal of 2 is ^, and 2 x ^ = 1 .
The reciprocal of 4 is j and that of 20 is ^ .
The bigger a number, the smaller its reciprocal. The reciprocal of decimal
numbers is got through division.
Example 1
Find the
_ 10reciprocal of 3.6. 18j50~
J_ = J_ 36 x IS - 0.277-
36
3.6 = A3.6 10 140
18 - 126_
140
- 126
14
Exercise 2.1
1. TheFind
reciprocal of 3.6 isof0.27
the reciprocal each of the following integers:
(a) 3 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 28 (e) 256
2. Find the reciprocal of each of the following decimal numbers using
division:
(a) 2.5 (b) 3.8 (c) 4.2 (d> 8.6 (e) 9.4
2.2: Reciprocals of Numbers from Tables
Reciprocals can be found using reciprocal tables.
Example 2
Find the reciprocal of 3.665 using reciprocal tables.
Solution
Using reciprocal tables, the reciprocal of 3.665 is 0.2732 - 0.0004 = 0.2728
Example 3
Find the reciprocal of 45.8.
6 SECONDARY MATHEMATICS
Solution
45.8 is first written is standard form as 4.58 x 10 .
then, 458l 4.58 x 101
- i v J_
- 10 4.58
= i x 0.2183
= 0.02183
The reciprocal of 45.8 from the tables is 0.02183.
Example 4
Find the reciprocal of 0.0236.
Solution
00236 2.36X 10- 2
= -1 0J-2- X 2.36
-J-
0.0236 in standard form is 2.36 x 10~2
= lCPx 0.4237
l _= 42.37I
The reciprocal of 0.0236 from the tables is 42.37
Exercise 2.2
1. Find the reciprocal of each of the following numbers using reciprocal
tables:
(a) 56.2 (b) 102.4 (c) 0.234
(d) 0.0458 (e) 4368 (f) 0.002978
2. Use reciprocal tables to work out each of the following:
0.0125 + 125 ^) 0364 (C) 0 .051 + 0.0027 ^ 0.375 ~ 3X5
3. Use mathematical tables to evaluate each of the following:
<*> inm o>) ( 2 ^ 7 7 <> H
c <>d 100x oiW
& WB ® (0^6 J <S> 29S3 + V2358 (h) 3.0452 +
/49.24
(i) If 1 = 1 + 1, find f, given that u = 0.5 and v = 0.8.
