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Tourism Potential and Its Development Challenges in Jabi Tehnan Woreda, West
Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia

Article · January 2024

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 International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism (IJHT) ISSN 1573-210X, Vol. 1(1), pp. 001-019, January,
2024. Available online at www.advancedscholarsjournals.org © Advanced Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Tourism Potential and Its Development Challenges in

Jabi Tehnan Woreda, West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Haymanot Belay Tafere and Solomon Lingerih Woreta
Haramaya University, Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Harar, Ethiopia
University of Gondar, Department of Tourism Management, Gondar, Ethiopia
Accepted 5th December, 2023.

This study was entitled Tourism Potential and Its Development Challenges in Jabi Tehnan Woreda. The
main objective of this study is to assess the Tourism Potential and Its Development Challenges in Jabi
Tehnan Woreda, Amhara region. The first objective this study is to explore the potential of tourism
development in Jabi Tehnana Woreda. The second objective is to identify the challenges faced by tourism
development in the study area. A descriptive survey research design is employed with both qualitative and
quantitative research approaches to describe the existing situations. The data was collected from primary
and secondary data. The primary quantitative data was collected from 132 respondents and an interview
was held with eight key informants. Frequency, percentage, and mean were employed to analyze the
quantitative data with the help of a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 26The study
reveals Jabi Tehanan Woreda has potential natural and cultural tourism resources, but the sector is
undeveloped due to lack of awareness, budget allocation, promotion, infrastructure, accommodation,
museums, and managerial professionals. A comprehensive approach is recommended, including
improving infrastructure, creating awareness, promoting cultural heritage, implementing ecotourism
initiatives, and practicing sustainable tourism.

Keywords: Tourism, Potential, Development, Challenges, Opportunities, and Jabi Thenan Woreda,

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

micro-enterprises, and construction and maintenance
Tourism is one of the largest industries, equaling or even workers. Because of this, tourism has the potential to
surpassing oil exports, food products, or automobiles reach and benefit large numbers of people (International
(UNWTO, 2019).The travel and tourism industry has Finance Corporation, 2017).
been a key driver of job creation and a vibrant source of International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) in the first
job opportunities over the past decade (WTTC, seven months of 2021 were 40% below the 2020 level
2021).However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the and still 80% below the level of the same period of the
ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine has made the year before the 2019 pandemic(UNWTO, 2021).The
situation worse. This had a negative impact on the Americas and Europe saw the best performance by the
development of the tourism sector (OECD, 2022). region compared to 2020, with arrivals up 17% and 19%,
Tourism has a broad supply chain that includes respectively, although they were still 62% and 63% below
transportation providers, cultural interpreters, 2019 levels, respectively. In addition, according to the
accommodation, food and drink suppliers, agricultural UNWTO report (2021), Africa recorded a 12% increase in
producers, energy and water supplies, attractions, 2021 compared to 2020 but still lagged behind 2019
events, souvenirs, cultural heritage, arts and crafts, levels by 74%.
The Travel & Tourism industry in Africa contributed
$182.4 billion to the region's GDP in 2019, but due to the
pandemic, it fell to $96.5 billion in 2020, a 47.1% decline.
However, there was a 23.5% increase in 2021, with over
*Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected] $119 billion contributed to GDP and 1.6 million jobs
Tafere 002

recovered, representing an 8.2% increase to reach over and support services, and fragmented and disorganized
21 million (WTTC, 2022). tourism planning and developing national and regional
According to the World Bank (2013), Africa's tourism levels in Ethiopia (Endalcachew et al, 2018).West Gojjam
industry has significant growth potential. The continent Zone has tourist attractions for nature and culture. Jabi
has an abundance of resources, including wide-ranging Tehnan Woreda is one of the woredas of the West
beaches, plentiful animals, and various natural and Gojjam Zone and is surrounded by Dembecha to the
cultural landmarks. There are significant development southeast, Bure to the west, Sekela to the northwest,
opportunities in safari, beach, business, and diaspora Kuarit to the north, and Dega Damot to the east. The
tourism, but the areas of the destination countries have woreda has different tourist attractions. Such as; Geray
not yet benefited from tourism. Furthermore, Africa has Man-Made Lake and Bridge, Guwansa medihanialem
great potential to expand products that are in greater Monastery, Guaguat Waterfall, Gewucha Cave, Dingra
demand recently, such as nature/adventure tourism, Mariyam Church, Senago Natural Bridge, Zewdie.
heritage tourism, and travel for wellness, health, and
retirement purposes. Statement of the Problem
To realize its tourism potential, Africa needs to address
several current problems including its underdeveloped Ethiopia has a lot of potential for tourism development
infrastructure, investors' access to finance, taxes on due to its beautiful landscape, pleasant climate, diverse
tourism investments, high crime, health-related culture, colorful history, and friendly people. This was
insurance, visa requirements, bureaucracy, and lack of why Ethiopia's plan to take advantage of its enormous
safety and security (World Bank, 2011). Fortunately, tourism potential would be among the top five travel
individual countries can provide successful examples of destinations in Africa by 2020 (UNDP, 2019).The
policies and actions that have solved these problems; development of tourism in Ethiopia is closely related to
most depend on the political will of governments for their Tourism potential, which is the main factor that has
resolution. Other critical limitations that depend on helped pave the way for people to engage in tourism-like
government and outside service provider actions for activities (Ayalew, 2009).In terms of tourism potential, the
resolution include (WB, 2013). country can compete with other countries in the world,
Ethiopia has a variety of resources for tourism. Striking but from the perspective of using this potential for the
landscapes, tremendous biodiversity, locally produced benefit of the community and the country as a whole, it is
artifacts and art, a unique culture, a diverse ethnic not well-developed and benefiting (MoCT,
population, and outstanding man-made and natural 2015).Although huge potential tourism resources are
heritage are just a few of Ethiopia's gifted potential available in different parts of Ethiopia, the country
tourism resources (Binayew, 2016). depends on a few tourist attractive destinations that are
According to the United Nations Development Program internationally recognized. According to Mulugeta (2012),
(2019), Ethiopia was plan to capitalize on its huge there are two main reasons for the underdevelopment of
tourism potential to be among the top five travel the tourism industry in Ethiopia. The development of
destinations in Africa by 2020,but the country is not tourism infrastructure (hospitality and transport sector) is
achieved its plan due to the outbreak of covid-19(United insufficient and huge potential tourism resources in
Nation, 2020). The country already has thirteen UNESCO several corners of Ethiopia remain unexplored. With this
World Heritage Sites (nine tangible and four intangible), in mind, the government and private sector need to invest
pristine landscapes, and a variety of unique animals in the necessary infrastructure and marketing strategies
including colorful birds, and has now set up two to promote Ethiopia as a desirable travel destination and
organizations (UNDP & MoCT) to realize the huge capitalize on the numerous opportunities that the tourism
potential of its tourism industry(UNDP, 2019). industry can provide for economic development and job
The Amhara region has a diverse range of tourist creation (MoCT, 2015).
attractions within its borders and has well known for its Different researchers have conducted research regarding
natural tourism resources, which include lakes, tourism potential and its development challenges. For
mountains, lowlands, and forests as well as UNESCO- example, Alubel, W., Yirdaw A., and Girum T. (2019)
designated national parks such as Semien Mountain conducted research on the potential and challenges of
National Park (Amhara Region Culture and Tourism tourism development in Shonke Village, Ethiopia.
Bureau, 2011).In addition to some world heritage sites, Teshale (2020) conducted research on the tourism
the Amhara region has great-untapped tourism potential. potential and development challenges of the Somali
All these potentials are available in the region; however, region. In addition, Mekuanent (2019) also conducted
not realized due to many challenges. Challenges include research on the tourism resources and their development
inadequate marketing strategies, a lack of human challenges in Sekela Woreda in West Gojjam Zone. The
resources and capacity, weak institutional and regulatory other researcher Atsbha, (2015), conducted research on
frameworks, problems with industry quality and the potential resources of tourism development in the
standards, a lack of adequate infrastructure for tourism case of Dejen Woreda. He focused on only resource
 003 Int. J. Hospital. and Tourism.

identification. However, no research is conducted on the 2. What are the challenges hindering the
selected study area regarding the issues under this development of the tourism potential of Jabi Tehnana
study. The reason why the researcher chose the study is Woreda?
that there hasn't been any previous study conducted on
Jabi Tehnan Woreda in relation to this topic. In addition, RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
with the untapped tourism potential of the area, it is not
well explored or used to support the local economy Description of Study Area
besides agriculture, serving as a chance to create job
opportunities and tourism businesses for the youth as the The Jabi-Tehnan Woreda is located in the West Gojjam
increasing population demands extra Livelihood options. Zone of the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. This
By conducting this study, the researcher hopes to bring woreda surrounds the city of Finote Selam, the capital of
attention to the untapped potential of tourism in the area the West Gojjam zone of the Amhara region, 285 km far
and give direction on the various opportunities that could from Addis Ababa and 170 km far from Bahir Dar. This
be developed to enhance the tourism industry. woreda has coordinates of 37°8ʹ0ʺE to 37°32ʹ00ʺE
Therefore, this research was conducted to Assess longitude and 10°24ʹ00ʺ to 10°58ʹ0ʺN latitude with an
Tourism Potential and Its Development Challenges: in the altitude of 1400 to 2300 meters above sea level. Most of
Case of Jabi Tehnan Woreda, West Gojjam Zone, the area is at higher elevations closer to 2,300, making
Amhara region. the area dominated by mid-elevations, and according to
traditional agroecological classification, 88% of this is
Objectives of the Study classified under Woyina Dega, and the remaining 12% is
grouped as kolla. The Woreda covers 1,170 km2 and the
This research was conducted to assess Tourism topography is classified as 65% highland, 15%
Potential and Its Development Challenges in the case of mountainous, 15% hilly, and 5% valley (Getahun,
Jabi Tehnan Woreda, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara region. 2015).Average annual rainfall is 1,250mm and is bimodal
in distribution, with the rainy season lasting from March to
Research Questions April and the second four months from mid-May to mid-
1. What are the Jabi Tehnana Woreda of tourism September. Minimum and maximum temperatures are 14
resources (natural and cultural)? 0c and 32 0c respectively (Getahun, 2015).

Figure 1 Map of the study area

Source: The researcher's creation using Arc GIS (2023)

Research Design phenomena and to describe what would have existed (Kothari,
2004).
Based on the objective of the study, the researcher employed a
descriptive research design. From a Time dimension Research Approach
perspective, a cross-sectional study design motivates the
researcher employed for this study to collect data in a single This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to
time. The Main purpose of the researcher using descriptive gather and analyze data about the study area. The researcher
types of research design is a description of the state of affairs employed an explanatory sequential mixed research design.The
as it exists at present (Creswell, 2002). In addition,descriptive explanatory sequential design begins with quantitative data
research gives to obtain data on the current status of collection and analysis and then follows qualitative data
Tafere 004

collection and analysis leading to interpretation(Creswell Purposive sampling techniques from the non-probability
& Plano, 2011). This makes it possible to determine sampling technique were used.
which quantitative results require further explanation. Sample Size
This mixed-method approach aims to capitalize on the
strengths of both qualitative and quantitative research As the research objective is to assess the potential and
while minimizing their weaknesses (Creswell & Plano , its development challenges of tourism development,
2017). purposive sampling is used to select 11 kebeles from 38
kebeles in the woreda that have caves, historical
Source of Data churches, monasteries, and other potential. In addition,
wildlife, beautiful landscapes, and endemic animals are
Datawere collected from both primary and secondary concentrated in the selected kebeles. Purposive sampling
sources. Primary datawas collectedthrough was used to help research respondents decide to obtain
questionnaires, personal field observations, and reliable data. Therefore, the total number of respondents
interviews, while secondary data is collected through in the questionnaire consisted of West Gojjam Zone
document analysis (such as reviews of journals, official Culture and Tourism Bureau (30), Jabi Thenan Woreda
recordings, government publications, reports, Culture and Tourism Bureau (22), Agriculture and Natural
unpublished books, and internet searches). Resources experts (98), communication office (26), Local
community leaders in of the selected Kebele (22 ), Bete
Data Collection Instruments Kihinet office (10). The stratified sample is used to
calculate the sample size of questionnaire respondents.
The researcher applied a questionnaire survey, key Thereafter, from the total population of the target groups,
informants interview, personally filed observation, and the sample size for the questionnaire distribution was
document analysis (e.g., through review of journals, calculated using the sample sizing formula of Yamane,
official recodes, government publications, reports, 1967 (cited in Israel, 1992).
unpublished books, and Internet search). N
n=
1 + Ne2
Target Population Where: n: The sample size
N: The population size
The target populations were focused on the following e: The level of precision or sampling error (0.05)
𝐍 𝟐𝟏𝟎
bodies: West Gojjam Zone Culture and Tourism Bureau, n= =
𝟏+𝐍∗𝐞𝟐 𝟐
𝟏+𝟐𝟏𝟎 (𝟎.𝟎𝟓)
Jabi Thenan Woreda Culture and Tourism Bureau, 𝟐𝟏𝟎
Agriculture, and Natural Resources = = 137.7049 ≈ 𝟏𝟑𝟖
𝟏.𝟓𝟐𝟓
experts,communication office, Local community leaders To select the representatives from the total population,
in the selected Kebele, Bete Kihinet office, the main the researcher used a stratified sample. Therefore, the
target population of this study. sample size of this study was taken into account with 138
respondents from these target groups. In order to properly
Research Sampling Technique distribute the sample, it is important to have an appropriate
formula for determining the sample size. In the proportionally
stratified sampling technique, the population is divided into
The researcher used both probability and non-probability
multiple subpopulations (the different subpopulations are called
sampling techniques. For probability sampling, the strata, and then items from each stratum are selected to form a
researcher used stratified and simple random sampling. sample).

Therefore, the following table portrays the size of the population selected from each group by using the Kothari (2004) sampling formula.
𝑵𝟏
𝒏𝟏 = ( )𝒏
𝑵
Where, n1 - is strata 1
N1- is the total population in the stratum’s
n - the total sample size of the population
N - is target poulation

No Target Population Total population Sample size

1 West gojjam Zone Culture and Tourism Office 30 20
2 Jabi thenan woreda Culture and Tourism Office 22 14
3 Agricultural and natural resource experts 98 66
4 Woreda communication office 26 17
5 Local community leaders in the selected kebele 22 14
6 Bete Kihinet Office 12 7
Total 210 138
Table 1 based on the Kothari sample size proportionates to each group.

In addition, eight (8) Key informants were selected Gojjam zone and Jabi Tehnan Woreda culture and
purposefully and interviewed including both the west tourism experts and Bete Kihinet Office.
 005 Int. J. Hosp. and Tourism.

Methods of Data Analysis Qualitative data were then integrated with quantitative
data based on the similarity of topics, simultaneously
The study was systematically verified, described, based on topics in research objective sections according
analyzed, and interpreted using both qualitative and to research questions, to triangulate quantitative data and
quantitative approaches. First, quantitative data were supported by images.
collected, coded, and entered into SPSS, and analysis
was performed using the Statistical Package for the Validity and Reliability of Data
Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The analysis was
performed using descriptive statistics. Descriptive Validity measures research's accuracy and depiction of
statistics, specifically percent, frequency, and mean, were phenomena, while reliability ensures consistency,
used to analyze the data, and tables and text were used stability, and reproducibility of findings(Creswell, J.W.,
to present and describe respondents' socio-demographic 2012).
characteristics. The researcher used thematic analysis to The study conducted validity and reliability tests before
analyze the qualitative data. Qualitative data were data collection, as Kothari (2004) emphasizes the
categorized into themes in accordance with the research importance of validity in an instrument. The researcher's
objectives to triangulate quantitative data. The researcher advisor examined the research questions' framing and
took extensive notes in Amharic during the interviews and implications for data to ensure validity. This ensures that
translated them into English without changing their the instrument accurately measures the construct under
original meaning. The transcripts were coded to identify investigation.
regular themes and patterns of tourism potential, The overall reliability on every question item was tested
challenges, and opportunities for tourism development. by using Cronbach‟s alpha as follows:

Table 2 Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the research items

Items Cronbach's Alpha value No of items Degree of Reliability

Natural tourism Potential .809 5 Reliable

Cultural Tourism potentials .837 5 Reliable
Infrastructure as a Challenge .816 5 Reliable
Accessibility as a Challenge .744 5 Reliable
Awareness as a Challenge .778 5 Reliable
Opportunities .724 5 Reliable
Source: Survey (2023)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION were discarded due to negligent response. Therefore, the
analysis was conducted based on 132 respondents and
As indicated in the Objective section, the data collected triangulated through the key informants interviewed and a
was discussed by categorizing it into different parts. Are document review which is documented by the Jabi
the respondent's profile, tourism development potential in Tehnen Woreda Culture and Tourism Bureau.
Jabi tehnan Woreda, and tourism development The study reveals that 67.4% of respondents are male,
challenges in Jabi tehnan Woreda. In this chapter, an with 32.6% being female. This indicates that females are
attempt has been made to offer detailed presentations less involved in the tourism sector. The majority of
and discussions of the data collected through respondents (42.4%) are aged between 26-35, indicating
questionnaires, interviews, observations, and document a mature age demographic. The remaining 32.6% are
analysis. Data collected from these sources were aged 36-45. The majority of respondents are aged 18-25,
analyzed by frequency, percentage, and mean. The with 8.3% above 46 years old. The majority of
results of the descriptive statistics are also presented in respondents have a diploma or higher education, with
the table, analyzed by word, frequency, percentage, and 42.2% holding a degree or above. The remaining
mean. percentages are in grades 9-12. This indicates that the
majority of respondents understand tourism and can
Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents easily understand the topic. The participants worked in
the industry and found all fields of study.
The West Gojjam Zone Culture and Tourism Office, Jabi
Thenan Woreda Culture and Tourism Office, Agriculture, Tourism Potentials of Jabi Tehnan Woreda
and Natural Resources experts, communication Natural Tourism Resources of Jabi Tehnan Woreda
office,local community leaders of the selected Kebele,
and the Office of Bete Kihinet were involved in the Natural resources have a large share in the tourism
assessment of the tourism potential and its development industry and serve as a potential for tourism
challenges and opportunities. Out of 138 responses, 6 development. The natural resources of tourism represent
Tafere 006

Table 3 Demographic characteristics of questionnaire participants

Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Valid Male 89 67.4 67.4 67.4
Female 43 32.6 32.6 100.0
Total 132 100.0 100.0

Age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 18-25 22 16.7 16.7 16.7
26-35 56 42.4 42.4 59.1
36-45 43 32.6 32.6 91.7
above 46 11 8.3 8.3 100.0
Total 132 100.0 100.0

Education level
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid 9-12 grades 16 12.1 12.1 12.1
Diploma 61 46.2 46.2 58.3
Degree and above 55 41.7 41.7 100.0
Total 132 100.0 100.0
Source:Survey, 2023

Table 4 Natural tourism Potental in Jabi Tehnan Woreda

No Items Level of agreements Frequency Percent Mean
1. Availability of Caves, Strongly Agree 70 53 4.23
mountains, and rock Agree 42 31.8
formations Neutral 7 5.3
Disagree 7 5.3
Strongly Disagree 6 4.3
Total 132 100
2. Availability ofwild animal Strongly Agree 57 4.2 4.05
species Agree 49 37.1
Neutral 10 7.6
Disagree 8 6.1
Strongly Disagree 8 6.1
Total 132 100
3. Availability of Plant species Strongly Agree 55 41.7 4.04
Agree 50 37.9
Neutral 10 7.6
Disagree 11 8.3
Strongly Disagree 6 4.5
Total 132 100
4. Has attractive nature Strongly Agree 60 45.5 4.15
Agree 50 37.9
Neutral 10 7.6
Disagree 6 4.5
Strongly Disagree 6 4.5
Total 132 100
5. Has natural cave Strongly Agree 58 43.9 4.07
Agree 48 36.4
Neutral 10 7.6
Disagree 10 7.6
Strongly Disagree 6 4.5
Total 132 100%
Source: Survey, 2023

a very broad category and their diversity must be taken geological (minerals, rocks, and fossils), hydrological
into account. They can be classified according to the (rivers, lakes, and seas), and biological (animal and
predominant and most useful (to tourists) landscape plant) resources should be distinguished(Dmitry, 2021).
elements. In this case, geomorphological (landforms), According to the Jabi Tehnan Woreda Culture and
 007 Int. J. Hosp. and Tourism.

Tourism Office's unpublished document (2023), there are In Jabi tehnan Woreda, there are attractive landscapes
numerous natural tourism potentials in the study area, and forests with many endemic and evergreen plants and
including Geray River, Birr River, lah river,Guaguat animals found. There are also a waterfall and natural
Waterfall, Gewucha Cave, Senago Natural Bridge, Tikur caves such as Gewcha cave, and waterfalls, where
wuha(Blackwater) and healing waters(spas) found in the Gugat waterfall and other tourist resources are found (KI-
study area. Similarly, the key informant also mentioned 4, April, 04/2023 ), but the attractions have no little
that there are attractive landscapes, forests with many attention offered in developing the resources.
endemic plants, and animals like lions. There are also The researcher believed that Jabi tehnanWoreda has
historical caves such as Zewdie Cave available in Jabi many natural tourism potentials to attract tourists from
tehnan Woreda. different areas. Therefore, if they are well identified and
In addition, the information obtained from interviews and promoted, it will be one of the major tourist destinations in
field observation results revealed that Jabi Tehnan the West Gojjam zone.
Woreda has a diverse range of geographical features, Therefore, the potential natural tourism resources of Jabi
(caves, rivers, waterfalls, and mountains). Having such tehnan Woreda observed and experienced by the
tourism potential in jabi tehnan woreda makes it more researcher and described and explained by the
attractive and it has a great opportunity fortourism informants are listed below.
development.
The study found that 84.1% of respondents agreed that Senago Meshagria ( Senago Natural Bridge)
the woreda has various geographical features, such as
caves, mountains, and rock formations, which are Senago meshagria is found in jabi tehnan woreda which
attractive for tourism development. The majority of is considered one of the natural tourism potentials for
respondents (80.3%) strongly agreed or agreed with tourism development.Senago means narrow in the Geez
these statements, while 12.2% disagreed or strongly language and the name is translated in different ways in
disagreed with different wildlife species. The study areas legend.
in Jabi tehnan Woreda are home to various species such One key informant who is jabi tehnan woreda culture and
as baboons, lions, tigers, and spotted hyenas. The tourism office expert stated:
vegetation in the woreda is diverse, with 79.6% of According to local legend, a name named Sanago
respondents strongly agreeing or agreeing. However, 9% secretly crossed the Birr River on a horse, and one day
disagreed or strongly disagreed with these statements, when the monks in the area were crossing it, the monks
while 6.8% were neutral. These findings highlight the of that time miraculously saw that the horse's leg was left
potential for tourism development in the woreda. behind and the man filled the leg Craking Rock after
In addition, Table 6 shows that the majority of crossing his horse (KI1,April o3,2023).
106(80.3%) of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed Other key formants who is culture and tourism office
that Jabi Tehnan Woreda has a natural cave. The finding expert added that:
was supported by interviews with key informants, and the The other local legend says that when people wanted to
researcher confirmed that there are caves such as cross the Birr River, they went to Abasam Mariyam and
Gewucha Cave and Zewdie Cave in the study area. other Kebles, but due to the absence of bridges on the
In addition to the respondents of the questionnaire, the Birr River, people prayed to St. Marry. After praying, St.
interview result shows that tourism experts assured the Marry moved left and right rocks and made a bridge that
availability of natural tourism potentials that can be found serves as a river crossing for the people (KI
in Jabi Tehnan Woreda. 2,April,03,2023).
One of the key informants who is a West Gojjam Zone
culture and tourism office stated that:
This rock connected the left and the right-side rock

Figure 2Senago Natural Bridge

Source:Jabi tehnan Woreda Culture and Tourism Office, 2022
Tafere 008

Geray lake as many people use it for weddings and other public
celebrity places (KI 3,April 04,2023).
According to Cooper (2006), lakes are significant The other key informants who are west gojjam zone
landscape features and it is open water, ponds, dams, or culture and tourism office experts added that:
reservoirs on the earth's surface that represent a valuable Although the lake is a good tourism asset due to the
resource used for a variety of human activities. biodiversity it holds, at present the lake is facing many
Geray Lake is found in jabi tehnan woreda which is far problems, among them being filled with silt, as a result of
from 4km from finot selam city.As a tourism potential gray which the depth has decreased, the number of rare
lake is considered one tourist attraction in the woreda. plants and birds has decreased, and the lake is in danger
As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda of being surrounded by various weeds (KI 6,April
culture and tourism office stated: 05,2023).
Geray Lake is a beautiful lake located near the town of Similarly, during field observation, the researcher
Finot Selam. Lakes offer us excellent opportunities for observed and confirmed that the lake is covered by some
recreation and pleasure. Also, the lake is close to the city weed plants and there is nothing around it to prevent
flood sediments from entering the lake.

Figure 3. Geray lake

Source: Jabi tehnan Woreda Culture and Tourism Office, 2022

We can observe different weeds on the

lake

Guwaguat (Lah) Waterfall waterfall is thrown down from a steep place and has the
beauty that catches the attention of the audience. So if
According to Hudson (1998), waterfalls are treated as the waterfall is properly maintained, it can be a tourist
gifts from nature that can be used to meet human needs attraction for the Jabi Tehnan Woreda and the zone. (KI-
and exploited for profit. Waterfalls can be a major draw 3, April,04 ,2023).
for tourists in many parts of the world. They offer a Other key informants who are west gojjam zone culture
unique and beautiful natural feature that people often and tourism office experts added that:
wish to visit and experience. This waterfall can provide economic benefits to local
Guwaguat Waterfall is one of the natural waterfalls in the communities by creating jobs in the tourism industry and
West Gojjam Zone in Jabi Tehnan Woreda. It is located generating revenue through tourism-related activities
in the town of Finote Selam, on the south side of the main such as accommodations, restaurants, and souvenir
road to Addis Ababa, below the road bridge. The waterfall shops. However, it is important to ensure that tourism
falls from a cliff into the deep rocky surface, releasing does not have a negative impact on the lake (KI 5,April
water and a rainbow. 05,2023).
As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda Overall, the researcher observed that Guwaguat
culture and tourism office stated: waterfalls have the potential to be a valuable tourist asset
Guwaguat Waterfall is a very striking beautiful waterfall. for Jabi Tehnan Woreda and if managed properly, they
Formed from the Lah River, this waterfall is one of the can provide economic benefits while preserving the
most amazing and beautiful natural attractions. A natural beauty of these unique and special places.
 009 Int. J. Hosp. and Tourism.

Figure 4Guwaguat waterfall

Source: Jabi tehnan woreda culture and tourism office,2022

Lemaw Forest Lemaw forest was previously densely forested and a

scary place where wild animals like lions, tigers, pigs,
Lemaw forest is one of the natural tourism potentials of hyenas, and deer were found. It is a large area that has
jabi tehnan woreda. It is located in the southwest corner preserved the balance of nature by embracing indigenous
of Finot Salam city, not far from the city, which is found in plants such as Bidiesa and kiretita plants available in the
Abatar kebele. forest. Due to deforestation and forest fires, animals and
As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda certain indigenous plants are minimized and disappear
culture and tourism office experts stated: (KI 2, April,03,2023).

Figure 5Lemaw forest

Source:Jabi tehnan woreda culture and tourism office,2022
Cultural Tourism Resources of Jabi Tehnan Woreda
Table 5 Cultural tourism Potental in Jabi Tehnan Woreda
No Items Level of agreements Frequency Percent Mean
1. Historic Churches and monasteries Strongly Agree 63 47.7 4.12
Agree 44 33.3
Neutral 10 7.6
Disagree 9 6.8
Strongly Disagree 6 4.5
Total 132 100
2. Unique wedding ceremony Strongly Agree 62 47 4.09
Agree 44 33.3
Neutral 11 8.3
Disagree 7 5.3
Strongly Disagree 8 6.1
Total 132 100
3. Unique sorrow ceremony Strongly Agree 65 49.2 4.13
Agree 44 33.3
Neutral 7 5.3
Disagree 8 6.1
Strongly Disagree 8 6.1
Total 132 100
4. The woreda has a pilgrimage site Strongly Agree 54 40.9 3.97
Agree 49 37.1
Neutral 11 8.3
Disagree 8 6.1
Strongly Disagree 10 7.6
Total 132 100
5. Holiday Celebration Strongly Agree 54 40.9 3.99
Agree 48 36.4
Neutral 11 8.3
Disagree 13 9.8
Strongly Disagree 6 4.5
Total 132 100
Source: Survey, 2023

The study reveals that Jabi Tehnan Woreda, a region in monasteries, which are considered potential for tourism
Iran, is home to ancient and historic churches and development. The majority of respondents (81.3%)
Tafere 010

strongly agreed that Woreda has a unique wedding developed around the world mainly as a tool to develop local
ceremony, while 11.4% disagreed. The remaining 8.3% and regional communities for income generation.
were neutral. The majority of respondents (78%) agreed that Zewdie Cave is one of the potential cultural tourism
the woreda has a pilgrimage site, while 13.7% disagreed. resources of jabi tehnan woreda which is dingra mountain
The majority of respondents (77.3%) agreed that Jabi the cave is located 24 km away from the capital city of jabi
Tehnan Woreda has the best holiday celebration. However, tehnan woreda,Finote Selam City in Dingra Kebele.
14.3% disagreed or strongly disagreed, and 3.8% were As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda
neutral. The findings are supported by interviews with key culture and tourism office experts stated:
informants and document analysis. The study highlights the In this cave, during the time of Zemen Mesafint when the
importance of these ancient and historic sites in the region landowner of Damot, Aba Hamer Zewde, was fighting with
for tourism development. Ras Hailu, Zewdie and his army to pack their luggage and
In addition to the respondents of the questionnaire, the entered this cave, fleeing from their enemy, they used also
interview result shows that tourism experts, as well as used this cave as a shelter and hid their weapons and
church and monastery administrators, assured the materials. For this reason, the name of the cave was coined
availability of cultural tourism potentials that can be found in by the name Zewide (KI 3,April 04,2023).
Jabi Tehnan Woreda. Other key informants who are west gojjam zone culture and
tourism office experts added that:
Zewdie Cave Although most of the cave is natural, various man-made
firing pits, trenches, and various fortifications used for
According to Emeka et al. (2017), caves are natural and/or combat make the interior of the cave more complex to
cultural resources valued by tourists for their inherent natural understand, and also there are human and animal artifacts
or cultural features. This form of tourism attraction is being in the cave (KI 6, April 05,2023).

Figure 6Zwdie Cave

Source: Jabi tehnan woreda culture and tourism office,2022

Gewocha Cave the Gewacha Cave are broken. The reason caves were
destroyed by the war between Mahdist(Sudan Soldier) with
Gewocha Cave is one of the potential cultural tourism Emperor Yohannes, the enemy destroyed them during the
resources of Jabi Tehnan Woreda, which is located in time of Emperor Yohannes (KI 2, April 03, 2023).
Shembekuma Kebele, 8 kilometers east of Finote Selam city Other key informants who are West gojjam zone culture and
at the exit of Addis Ababa. tourism office experts added this:
As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda Gewocha Cave was used by local peoples to hide from the
culture and tourism office experts stated: enemy in ancient times, and the materials used by them are
There are more than 200 caves in Gewecha Cave, including still found in the cave.when we enter the cave,there is a
closed and non-closed ones. Some of the entrance doors to smell of incense (KI 5,April,05,2023).

Figure 7Gewocha Cave

Source:Jabi tehnan woreda culture and tourism office,2022

Georgie Bridge capital city of jabi tehnan woreda called Finote

Selam.The Georgie Bridge was built in the Birr River.
Georgie Bridge is one of the cultural tourism potentials in As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda
jabi tehnan woreda which is located 14 km away from the culture and tourism office experts stated:
 011 Int. J. Hosp. and Tourism.

The bridge's name was coined by a man named George, of the bridge and was very surprised. In this way, for their
who was Greek by birth and Ethiopian by nationality. He bridge art, they demolished the northern part of the
built the bridge in the 1890s. The reason why the person bridge for their study and research. Besides, the growth
built the bridge was that during the summer season, the of various plants on the bridge, the change of day and
water level of the Birr River rises and in that case, the night, sun and snow, and the natural rain and flowing
locals have difficulty crossing the river (KI water of the river are some of the natural problems.
3,April,03,2023). When the surrounding society cut down the supporting
He added that: dry wood, the animals and children using the fields and
The bridge is made of stone-like materials that appear to water around the bridge are various man-made damage
have been machine-carved without a solid pillar. The (KI 3,April 04,2023).
bridge can span a length of 50 meters and the structure Similarly, the researcher observed the bridge during field
is built to be drainage so that it does not hinder people observation, the art of building the bridge is very different
when the water level rises in the summer months and the and amazing in itself, and the most amazing thing is the
water can easily seep through (KI 3,April,03,2023). material the bridge is made of. The fact that the bridge
Other key informants who are Jabi tehnan woreda culture type has a different design and is placed on the rock
and tourism office experts added that: makes it different. The growth of the plant on the bridge,
The George Bridge faces various natural and man-made this will damage it.
problems. In 1932, the Italian invasion force saw the art

Figure 8Georgie Bridge

Source:Jabi tehnan woreda culture and tourism office,2022

See the plant on the bridge this will damage

the bridge.

Geray Man-MadeDam and Lake research, it is said to come from Gudera Lake in Sekala
s District and enters the black rocky Gewecha Stone and
According to Cooper (2011), Man-Made lakes are an the water hits the ground, when it reaches Geray (KI
essential element of some of the world's most popular 1,03, April 2013).
tourism destinations. Man-Made lakes can certainly be Other key informants who are west gojjam zone culture
viewed as potential tourist attractions as they often and tourism office experts added this:
provide opportunities for a variety of recreational The lake was formed by damming the Gray River and the
activities. Many Man-Made lakes are created specifically channel through which the dam flows is on the southwest
for recreational purposes such as boating, fishing, side of the lake. The area of the lake is about 6 hectares,
swimming, and other water sports. You may also have and its depth is about 12 meters. The water of the lake
facilities for hiking, camping, and picnicking nearby can erupt from the bottom paved with black stones, and
Geray Lake is one of the cultural tourism potentials in jabi the water of the lake does not mix with any other river in
tehnan woreda which is located 3km away from finote either winter or summer, so the water does not flow, key
selam city. informants said (KI 5,April,05,2023).
As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda He added that:
culture and tourism office experts stated: The local communities use it for fishing as there are
Geray Lake was created in 1972 for irrigation purposes. different species of fish in the lake. Also, the place where
The water of the lake is obtained from the Geray River, the lake is located is very beautiful and suitable for
but although the river water has not been confirmed by picnics and rest, especially the sounds of the birds and
Tafere 012

animals around are very impressive, so we say it would including being filled with silt, which has caused the depth
be good for those who are tired of it to spend their time to decrease, the number of rare plants and birds to
vacation days around the lake to enjoy the beautiful decrease, and the lake in is threatened by weeds
natural and man-made scenery (KI,5,April,05,2023). (KI,2,April,03,2023).
The other key informants who are jabi tehnan woreda As the researcher confirmed during a field observation,
culture and tourism experts added that: the lake is surrounded by various weeds, and nothing in
Although the lake is a good tourist asset due to its the environment prevents floodwater sediment from
biodiversity, the lake is currently facing many problems entering the lake.

Figure 9Geray Man-Made dam and Lake

Source: Jabi tehnan woreda culture and tourism office,2022

Debre-Gent Wongi Mariam Andent Monastery was sent to St. Michael's monastery in Dembcha to stay at
an asylum of her own will. Since then, Debre Genet wongi
The Debre Genet Wongi Mariam Andent Monastery is Mariam monastery has been standing in its current location
located in Rados Aklat Kebele, about 5 kilometers from the (KI,7,April,06,2023).
town of Jiga. Another key informant who is the monastery administrator
The Debre Gent Wongi Mariam Andent Monastery, added:
established during the reign of Emperor Susinios in the 17th Debre Gent wongi Maryam monastery was founded in the
century, is a valuable cultural tourism site located in the Jabi middle of the 17th century, but it has been destroyed and
Tehnan Woreda in the west gojjam Amhara region. Its rebuilt two times for various reasons. The current monastery
historical significance and cultural heritage make it an ideal building is built with different designs of cement steps from
destination for tourists looking for an authentic and the base, and after the steps, it is built with mud blocks
immersive experience. surrounded by various ancient precious woods (KI
As one of the key informants who is Bete kinet office leaders 8,April,06,2023).
stated: As the researcher observed during a field observation, this
The monastery is one of the most ancient monasteries and monastery is surrounded by a nearby stone wall with a
churches in jabi tehnan woreda. Debre Genet wongi Mariam modern laminated door and is surrounded by small houses
andent monastery has gone through many challenges. The and plants that provide various services. It is accompanied
monastery has been destroyed twice, but it has been by the special beauty of warka, eucalyptus, wanza, gesho,
restored by God's will. In 1947, the arc of St. Mary was grass, and many other plants, especially outside the stone
brought back from St. Michael's Monastery in Dembcha kab.
along with all its relics and clothes. This was after the arc

Figure 10Debre Genet Wongi Mariam Andent Monastery

Source: Photo by own researcher during site observation, the cultural tourism potentials in Jabi Tehnan Woreda.
2023
Guwansa Medhani Alem Andenet Monastery is one of
the oldest monasteries of Jabi Tehnan Woreda and the
Guwansa Medhani Alem Andenet Monastery monastery was founded under a high mountain
monastery called Ambesa Gama.
Guwansa Medhani Alem Andenet Monastery is one of As one of the key informants who areBete khinet office
 013 Int. J. Hosp. and Tourism.

leader stated: and goes across through the monastery. Around this
When the monastery was founded, it was in a dense river, more than 5 spas have emanated independently
forest. The founders of the monastery at that time which serves as a cure for different diseases (KI
included Aba Minassie, Abune Wolde Michael, Aba 2,April,03,2023).
Alemu Aba Wolde Medhn, Abune Gebre Mariam, and As the researcher observed during a field observation,the
Abune Gebre Eyesus (KI 7,April,06,2023). location of the monastery, the fact that it is favorable for
Other key informants who are jabi tehnan woreda culture the development of tourist infrastructure, and the
and tourism office experts added this: presence of various attractions around the monastery
There are many places of interest around the monastery, have great potential for turning the monastery into a
and some of the places of interest around the monastery source of income. In addition, the monastery is in close
include Mount Anbesa Gama, which is located to the proximity to the city of Mankusa and many people go to
north of the monastery. The monastery is surrounded by the monastery because the monastery has 5 churches
the mountain of Anbesa Gama, which is home to various and 5 spas.The five spas found in Guwansa Medhani
beautiful plants and animals (KI 2,April,03,2023). Alem Andenet Monastery are MedhanialemSpa, Kristos
He added that: SamraSpa, ArsemaSpa, Kidane MhretSpa, and Urael
To the east of the monastery, there is a river called Spa, which are available at the monastery.
"Guansit". The river added to the beauty of the monastery

Figure 11Guwansa Medhani Alem Andenet Monastery

Source: Photo by own researcher during site observation, 2023

Abune Gebre-Menfes Kidus Monastery As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda
culture and tourism office experts stated:
Abune Gebre-Menfes Kidus Monastery is located in Aunt When the first monastery was built the roof of the building
Menz Kebele in Jabi tehnan woreda the monastery is one was thatched and the building still had a thatched roof, by
of the oldest monasteries which is founded in 1965 this case, the monastery is unique because it keeps its
E.c.Abune gebre menfes kidus monastery located in 10 design and materials which are constructing the church.
km away from Finote selam town. The thatched roof was changed by similar materials when
the thatched was damaged (KI 1, April 03, 2023).

Thatched roof

Figure 12Abune Gebre-Menfes Kidus Monastery

Source:Jabi tehnan woreda culture and tourism office,2022

Debre Bisrat Dingra Mariam Monastery

Woreda.According to the monastery administrator,the
Debre Bisrat Dingra Mariam Monastery is one of the Dingra Mariam monastery was founded in the year 903
holiest and most historic monasteries in Jabi tehnan AD under the rule of Emperor Dilnad.
Tafere 014

As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan culture Nehas Cross, Nigre Mariam and other more than 150
and tourism office expert stated: moveable treasures available in the monastery (KI 3,
Deber Bisrat Dingra Mariam Monastery is one of the April,04,2023).
miraculous monasteries of our district, which has He added this:
interesting and attractive features from its location. It is a There are more skeletons of kings in a place called Ras
monastery where people can relax just by looking at it Derso, Deje Azmach Alamrew, and Fit Awrari Tesema
until their eyes are blocked in all four directions. In Kasa. You can see pictures of these skeletons and tombs
addition, Debre Bisrat Dingra Mariam Monastery was on the walls, along with pictures of Ethiopian kings and
founded on the top of the mountain, and there are relics other people. There is also a special silver stamp with the
of the monastery such as Ezra, Gold Cup, Gold Hats of names of the kings who belonged to the monastery(KI 3,
Kings, Negarit, Tamre Eyesus Parchment, Afro Aygeba April,04,2023).

Figure 13 Debre Bisrat Dingra Mariam Monastery

Source: Jabi tehnan woreda culture and tourism office,2022

Similarly, the key informants interviewee added another of the tourism industry in the Amhara region, such as
cultural tourism potential available in jabi tehnan woreda Inadequate marketing strategies, lack of human
which is Spa(ጠበል). resources and capacity, weak institutional and regulatory
According to Ina, C(2018), stated that in recent times, frameworks, problems with the quality and standards of
Spas have gained popularity as tourist attractions owing the industry, lack of adequate infrastructure for tourism
to their capacity to offer relaxation, rejuvenation, and a and support services; and fragmented and disorganized
feeling of wellness. tourism planning and development at the national and
The culture and tourism office experts in Jabi Tehnan regional levels in Ethiopia.
Woreda confirmed that there are several spas in the area
that offer unique experiences promoting health, wellness, Infrastructure as a Challenge of Tourism
and relaxation such as Medhanialem Spa, Kristos Samra Development in Jabi Tehnan Woreda
Spa, Arsema Spa, Kidane Mhret Spa, and Urael spa and
others available in jabi tehnan woreda. These spas are Lack of infrastructure: The study area has great
important for attracting tourists and should be protected tourism potential, but this potential is not developed due
and promoted as they have tourism potential. to a lack of infrastructure problems.
The findings show that there is no tourism infrastructure
Challenges of Tourism Development in Jabi Tehnan of tourist attractions in the study area. Infrastructure plays
Woreda a crucial role in the growth and development of the
tourism industry. Such includes transportation,
Besides identifying both cultural and natural tourism accommodation, communication, and other facilities that
potentials, the study also shows various challenges of are necessary for the smooth functioning of the tourism
tourism development in the woreda of Jabi Tehnan. industry. The lack of tourism infrastructure is a significant
According to Dabour (2003) in his study analysis: lack of challenge for tourism development in the study area.
knowledge and awareness, lack of technical know-how, Without proper transportation, accommodation, Bank,
weak promotional activity, lack of tourism-related and communication facilities, it becomes difficult to attract
infrastructure, lack of consistent tourism strategy and tourists and provide them with a positive experience.
policy, lack of tourism security and lack of tourism The study reveals that Jabi Tehnan Woreda, a tourist
diversification are the main problems of tourism destination, lacks infrastructure such as public and
development in the countries. private car transport systems, parking, health and water
Similarly, the research of Endalcachew et al. (2018) supply, telecommunications, and electricity supply
shows that there are other challenges to the development services. These issues, supported by key informants and
 015 Int. J. Hosp. and Tourism.

Table 6 Infrastracture challenges of Tourism Development in jabi tehnan woreda

No Items Level of agreements Frequency Percent Mean
1. lack of transport services Strongly Agree 62 47 4.06
such as public buses and Agree 43 32.6
private cars Neutral 13 9.8
Disagree 10 7.6
Strongly Disagree 9 6.8
Total 132 100
2. Does not have an extensive Strongly Agree 54 40.9 3.90
tell communications service Agree 43 32.6
Neutral 13 9.8
Disagree 12 9.1
Strongly Disagree 10 7.6
Total 132 100
3. Does not have sufficient Strongly Agree 52 39.4 3.92
electrical power Agree 46 34.8
Neutral 13 9.8
Disagree 14 10.6
Strongly Disagree 7 5.3
Total 132 100
4. Does not have adequate Strongly Agree 58 43.9 4.04
health care for residents and Agree 47 35.6
visitors Neutral 10 7.6
Disagree 8 6.1
Strongly Disagree 9 6.8
Total 132 100
5. Does not have an abundant Strongly Agree 57 43.2 4.05
water supply Agree 48 36.4
Neutral 10 7.6
Disagree 11 8.3
Strongly Disagree 6 4.5
Total 132 100
Average Mean 4.04
Source:Survey, 2023

the researcher, pose significant challenges to the and tourism office leaders added this:
development of tourism potential in the area. Without proper facilities and services, it is challenging to
Transportation is a key issue for tourism resources, as it attract and retain tourists, which leads to missed
includes services necessary to meet tourists' needs and opportunities for revenue generation and job creation.
enhance their satisfaction during their stay. A total of 105 Additionally, the lack of planning and investment in
respondents (79.6%) strongly agreed with the lack of tourism infrastructure has long-term effects on
transport services, such as public buses and private cars, sustainable development and harms the local
in Jabi Tehnan Woreda. Key informants and the community's livelihood and the environment. Therefore, it
researcher confirmed these transportation problems in is crucial to invest in tourism infrastructure through public-
the study area. Additionally, utility service problems such private partnerships, government initiatives, and
as electricity, adequate water supply, and community-based tourism development programs. By
telecommunication services are also present in Jabi addressing the gaps in infrastructure, Jabi Tehnan Wored
Tehnan Woreda, with no utility service at the tourist can unlock its tourism potential and have a positive
attraction site, further posing a challenge to the tourism impact on the local economy and environment KI 2,April
sector's growth. 03,2023).
As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda Another key informant who is a West Gojjam Zone
culture and tourism office experts stated: culture and tourism office expert added this:
Jabi Tehnan Wored has great tourism potential, but the Tourism has the potential to positively impact a specific
lack of necessary infrastructure is preventing it from region by facilitating economic growth, generating
being fully utilized. The area has natural beauty and employment opportunities, and promoting cultural
cultural attractions, but the absence of accommodations, exchange. However, in Jabi Tehnan Woreda, there are
transportation, and information centers makes it difficult several challenges regarding infrastructure that must be
for tourists to access and explore the region. This not resolved to ensure the long-term success of the tourism
only affects the visitors' experience but also limits the industry. These challenges include transportation,
local economy's growth (KI,1,April,03,2023). lodging, access to water and electricity, and
Other key informants who are jabi tehnan woreda culture communication facilities (KI 5,April,05,2023).
Tafere 016

Accessibility as a Challenge for tourism development that woreda and kebele administrators have low
awareness of the potential of tourism resources available
Challenges of accessibility are obstacles to tourism in the jabi tehnan woreda. This indicated that the
potential resource sustainable development. administrators have low involvement in tourism
Lack of accessibility: The finding reveals that the tourist development and resource conservation from different
attractions are not accessible to tourists in jabi tehnan damage.
woreda. Due to the lack of road transportation, most As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda
tourist attraction is not easily accessible for tourist. Lack culture and Tourism office experts stated:
of accessibility can have a significant impact on the Awareness is very important for adequately utilizing
growth and development of the tourism industry, as it can tourism resources and helps build support for tourism
lead to tourists choosing to go elsewhere, resulting in lost development. When stakeholders are aware of the
revenue and economic opportunities. This can have a benefits of tourism, they are more likely to support its
significant impact on the livelihoods of local communities. development. Still, jabi tehnan woreda has a low level of
The Jabi Tehnan Woreda has a poor accessibility, with awareness of tourism-related activities (KI
an average mean of 4.24, indicating that tourism requires 2,April,03,2023).
access to move in and around tourist attractions. 81% of Another key informant who is west gojjam culture and
respondents believe that the lack of well-organized road tourism office expert added this:
access hinders the accessibility of tourist attractions and Awareness is a key factor for development. because any
accommodation facilities. Additionally, 81.3% of good or bad work has emanated from his or her
respondents strongly agree that the potential tourist sites awareness. When we come to tourism, awareness has a
are not connected to the public and other modern means great role in its development either negatively or
of transport. This challenge is also supported by key positively. if we have a high awareness level for tourism,
informants who also report that there is no access to a we can develop and utilize the tourism resource properly
modern and well-organized transportation system in the (KI,6,April,05,2023).
center of the woreda. The absence of accommodation In addition to the above challenges, the key informants
facilities in Jabi Tehnan Woreda is a significant challenge stated that there are other challenges which Lack of
for tourism development. The majority of respondents adequate budget allocation, lack of promotion, lack of
strongly agree that the tourism potential resources of skilled manpower on a managerial level, a conflict
Kebele are not accessible to the public and other modern between the Ethiopian Government and Tigray People
means of transport. Liberation Front, and Absence of Museum.

As one of the key informants who is jabi tehnan woreda Lack of adequate budget allocation
culture and tourism office experts stated:
Tourist sites that are situated in remote kebeles can be Lack of adequate budget allocation: Adequate budget
difficult for visitors to access as they lack road allocation is essential for the development and promotion
connections. This means that many tourist destinations, of tourism infrastructure, marketing and promotion
facilities, and attractions are not easily reachable. In activities, and other related initiatives that can enhance
addition,there is no transport service at most tourist the attractiveness of tourist destinations. The study
attraction sites (KI 2,April,03,2023). shows that there is inadequate budget allocation for the
tourism office in jabi tehnan woreda. The main reasons
Awareness as a Challenge for tourism development for inadequate budget allocation are the low priority given
to tourism by local governments. At the woreda level,
Lack of awareness: Tourism has the potential to bring tourism is not considered a priority sector and therefore
economic, social, and cultural benefits to a destination. does not receive adequate funding. This lack of funding
The study area has huge tourism potential. However, can result in poor infrastructure, inadequate marketing
despite its potential, many tourism destinations are not and promotion, and a lack of investment in new tourism
being utilized to their full potential due to a lack of products and services. Another reason for the inadequate
awareness. This lack of awareness can be attributed to budget allocation, the war between the Ethiopian
several factors such as inadequate marketing and Government and Tigray Liberation Front has had a
promotion of tourist destinations, not conserving heritage negative impact on the tourism sector in Ethiopia. The
properly, allocating inadequate budget, assigning tourism-related activities in Jabi Tehnan Woreda have
unprofessional persons at the managerial level, and so also been affected because of the lack of adequate
on. budget allocation and subsidy from the Government.
The above table 10 shows that jabi tehnan woreda has a As one of the key informants who areJabi Tehnan
high awareness problem for tourism development. Due to Woreda Culture and Tourism office leader stated:
this the woredas tourism potential was not developed and Budget constraints have a great challenge for tourism
appropriately utilized.In addition, table 4.8 results show development in various ways. One of the major
 017 Int. J. Hosp. and Tourism.

challenges is the limited financial resources available for tourism development. It is argued that the principle of 'the
investment in infrastructure, marketing, and other critical right person in the right place at the right time ' is the
areas that support tourism growth. This can lead to basic issue that has to be given much emphasis to
inadequate facilities, poor maintenance, and limited develop tourism in a certain destination.
promotion, which can negatively affect the tourism As one of the key informants who is Jabi tehnan woreda
industry's development (KI.1,April,03,2023). culture and tourism office expert stated:
Another key informant who is west gojjam culture and There is a low interest in the workers due to insignificant
tourism office expert added this: attention given to the sector. the culture and tourism
Lack of budget is a significant challenge facing tourism sector has many challenges due to the limited number of
development by limiting financial resources available for workers with the right skills. Most of the workers are
investment in infrastructure, marketing, attracting private taken from other sectors and assigned to the culture and
investment, providing incentives and subsidies to tourism tourism office without having any experience in that area.
businesses, research and development, and monitoring This means that the workers in the sector are not based
and regulation. (KI,5 April,05,2023). on their experience and their skills but have been
Another key informant who is jabi tehnan woreda culture assigned only for political motives (KI,3, April,04,2023).
and tourism office added this:
The lack of financial resources is hindering the growth of Lack of Standardize Museum: Museums serve as for
tourism in Jabi Tehnan Woreda. There is a need for more collecting and preserving artifacts, artwork, and other
funds to promote local and domestic tourism, as well as objects that are important to local community history and
for constructing tourist facilities and preserving resources. culture. because it is essential in preserving and
Limited budget allocation affectsthe development of showcasing the history, art, and culture of the people.
tourism resources in jabi tehnan woreda Museums also play an important role in educating visitors
(KI,2,April,03,2023). about cultural heritage.
As one key informant who is jabi tehnan woreda culture
Lack of promotion and tourism office expert stated that:
Due to the absence of museums, there can be negative
Lack of adequate promotion: Promotion plays a vital impacts on society and culture. Without museums, there
role in attracting tourists to a particular destination. It is a risk of losing valuable artifacts, documents, and
involves creating awareness and interest in the artworks that form an integral part of a society's culture.
destination's unique features, such as cultural heritage, In addition, due to the absence of a standard museum
natural resources, and other attractions. The study movable cultural heritage is exposed to damage and
findings show that there is no adequate promotional theft, and other threats in Jabi Tehnan Woreda. This can
activity related to tourism.Without adequate promotion, result in a loss of cultural identity and historical
potential tourists may not be aware of the destination's knowledge for future generations (KI,2, April, 03,2023).
existence or what it has to offer. This can result in low
tourist numbers, which can negatively impact the local
economy. In addition, a lack of promotion may lead to
misconceptions and stereotypes about the destination, CONCLUSION
which can further discourage potential tourists from
visiting. The Jabi-Tehnan Woreda is located in the West Gojjam
As one ofthekey informants who is jabi tehnan culture Zone of the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. This
and tourism office expert stated: woreda surrounds the city of Finote Selam, the capital of
Regarding tourism promotion in jabi tehnan woreda, there the West Gojjam zone of the Amhara region, 285 km
is a lack of promotional activities to promote tourist from the capital Addis Ababa and 170 km from Bahir Dar.
attractions to tourists. The reasons for the lack of In this study, the researcher has attempted to assess
promotion are inadequate funding for marketing and Tourism Potential and Its Development Challenges in
advertising campaigns and allocate a limited budget for Jabi Tehnan Woreda. Based on the objectives of the
the tourism sector. Most of the time to allocate insufficient study, a descriptive research design was used in
funds towards promoting the tourism industry, it is difficult accordance with the mixed research approach.
to reach potential tourists. This lack of funding leads to There are many cultural and natural tourism resources in
limited exposure and visibility of the destination, which Jabi Tehanan Woreda. They can be a great asset for the
results in low levels of tourist arrivals (KI,2,April,03,2023). promotion and development of the country's tourism
industry. However, these resources are not effectively
Absence of tourism professionals on the Managerial promoted and developed to fulfill the function of image
level: building and improve the benefits; it could generate
income for communities.
Human resources are the basis for every activity of At this point, the main results of the potential of nature
Tafere 018

At this point, the main results of the potential of nature tourism infrastructure, lack of standardized
and cultural tourism in Jabi Tehnan Woreda, as well as accommodation services, and tourism resource
the challenges for the development of the tourism sector degradation. Therefore, the researcher assessed the
were examined. The results of the study show that Jabi Tourism potential and its development challenges and
Tehnan Woreda has great tourism resources and is one opportunities in Jabi Tehnan Woreda., in the West
of the potential locations to successfully develop tourism Gojjam zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia.
projects. These tourism resources consist of both natural Based on the research's findings, the researcher has
and cultural tourism resources. As mentioned above, the made the following recommendations to the various
main tourism resources of Jabi Tehnan Woreda are bodies in order to increase the proper utilization of the
natural and cultural tourism resources. Natural tourism available tourism potential and opportunity. Such as the
resources include attractive landscapes, rivers, Spas, relatively better security and safety in Woreda, historic
waterfalls, bridges, and various caves thatare used for churches and monasteries, diverse climate, and
protection from enemies and sometimes as shelters for abundant cultural and natural resources, which play a
troops during the war, as well as attractive lakes and significant role in the development of tourism in the study
other attractive natural forests. Jabi Tehnan Woreda has area.Therefore:
natural tourist attractions such as the Senago Natural Governments should allocate sufficient funds to
Bridge, Geray Lake, Guwaguat (Lah) Waterfall, different support tourism development by increasing budget
Spa, and Lemaw Forest, which are considered to have allocation for infrastructure development, promotional
the potential for tourism development. The potential for activities, and manpower training programs.
cultural tourism is religious festivals and holidays, various Stakeholders should actively participate in
churches and monasteries, man-made lakes and bridges, decision-making processes and raise awareness about
caves, and others that are present in the study area. the benefits of sustainable tourism development.
These include tangible resources such as Zewdie Cave, The promotional activities should be well-planned
Gewocha Cave, Georgie Bridge, Geray Man-Made and targeted to attract both domestic and international
Bridge and Lake, Debre-Gent Wongi Mariam Andent tourists, highlighting the destination's distinctive cultural
Monastery, Guwansa Medhani Alem Andenet Monastery, and natural attractions.
Abune Gebre-Menfes Kidus Monastery, and Debre Bisrat The focus should be on fostering collaborations
Dingra Mariam Monastery. In addition, there are between government entities, private sector businesses,
intangible cultural tourism resources such as Engicha and local communities to utilize resources, expertise, and
Plucking Festival,wedding and funeral ceremonies, and innovation for sustainable tourism development.
other religious and cultural festivals that are eligible for
tourism development in the region. Although these
significant tourism potentials in Jabi Tehnan Woreda are REFERENCE
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