TOPRANK REVIEW CENTER

Professor: Mr. Aaron Aranas

November 2024

◦ Leaders are born, not made

OUTLINE ◦ Leadership cannot be learn
◦ Leadership skills are innate/ inherent (natural)
I. Theories in Leadership and Management
II. Blake Mouton Managerial Grid • Trait Theory
III. Elements of Management ◦ Leadership traits are inherited
a. ◦ from parents to offsprings
b. ◦ political dynasties
c.
IV. • Situational Theory/ Contingency
V. ◦ Leaders adapt to situation (adjust)
◦ Flexible

• Behavioral Theory
◦ Opposite of Great Man Theory
◦ Leadership are made not born
◦ Leadership can be learned
◦ Politicians - elderly

• Transactional Theory
◦ Negotiation
◦ Punishment or reward; motivation here is fear
◦ Accomplish a pre determine goal (gawa na agad goal;
authocratic type of leadership)
BLAKE MOUTON MANAGERIAL GRID
◦ Leads the people (he or she lead; don’t ask for opinions)

• Transformational Theory/ Relationship

◦ Have vision in company, others
◦ People have self-growth or self - improvement
◦ People transform in their better self
◦ Communication is the base for goal achievement; give
emphasis
◦ Highly visible; always seen and help; leader is hands on
◦ Utilizes the chain of command; hierarchy; proper leveling of
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL position
AND HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS ◦ example: president - supervisor / not president - to staff
BALIKAN ALL ◦ Motivational; admire; pinupuri; inspire to improve on your
own
Picture ng overview of the gastrointestinal
• Participative Theory
Alimentary Canal - eto yung pinaka canal or tubo kung saan ◦ The leader ask for opinions; suggestions and
dumadaan pagkain naten and lumabas as feces - refers to recommendations like democratic; end of the day he still
the tube or passageway decides but ask for other people opinions
◦ voting system = majority rule
Accessory Organs - red orange label -
• Path Goal Theory
Functions of the GI System ◦ The leader inspires the members to achieve the goals
◦ Motivate you to finish the work; for their benefit; kind of
Ingestion - we put something in our mouth; the entry of food manipulator
into the mouth; refers to the act of eating
Y AXIS
Digestion - breakdown of food into small substances pieces;
always remember it does not start start and end in the
intestines or stomach;digestion already take place

Two types of Digestion:

Mechanical Digestion - this refers to Staff / Employee

Great Man Theory

PAR, RN 2024
 LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

• Goal
◦ Future roles and function of the organization with specific
X AXIS timeframe
◦ Desired condition should be achieved within 1 year
Output Performance
• Objectives
◦ Specific actions in order to achieve the other elements of
ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT planning (to reach the goal, mission, vision)
◦ Should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and
1. PLANNING time-bounded (SMART)
5 TYPES OF MANAGEMENT
• Philosophy
◦ Beliefs and values that directs practice
• Impoverished Management
◦ Manifest in the organization
◦ Low results, low people; burnout; work longer hours; no
additional salary; low income; not well taken care of
• Financial Roadmap; Kita and Gastos
◦ Ineffective people
• Annual Operating Plan; per year; ahead of time plan not a
shotgun way or just for this month plan
• Produce or Perish Management
• Plan for estimate future cost; need to be ready because of
◦ High results, but low regard on people; no bonus; no
inflation
additional income; not well taken care of; but output is good
and high; if your outcome is not good you’ll be fired so it
really depends on the outcome
TYPES OF BUDGET
• Middle of the Road Management
• Revenue
◦ Medium result, medium people; average
2. ORGANIZING
• Country Club Management
◦ Expected generated income of the organization within 1
◦ High regards on people, but low results; concern on staff is
year; kita; income
high; give request, give promotion; concern on
output/performance is low; don’t care LEVELS OF MANAGERS

• Team Management
◦ High regards on people, high quality produced output • Expense
◦ Expected activity in operational and financial term in 1 year
• pre - determining a course of action in order to arrive at a ◦ Alloted for the primary function of organization
desired result ◦ Routinary gastos; expected
◦ example: Salary of workers; bills (water, electricity,
TYPES OF PLANNING internet), and rent

• a. Strategic Planning • Capital

◦ Long range planning ◦ Outlines programmed acquisition, disposals, and
◦ Extends from 3-5 years in the future; for the future improvement in institutions physical capacity
◦ Strategic planner - Ceo, President, Admin, Medical ◦ Alloted for the expansion of the organization
Director, Chief Nurse (top level manager) ◦ non routinary; gastos
◦ use for improvement; for expansion only
• b. Operational Planning ◦ example: repainting of walls, new doors or windows,
◦ Short range planning equipment (ecg machine), new building
◦ Day to day span
◦ Operational planner - Head nurse, Charge Nurse, Team • Cash
Leader (first level manager) ◦ Money on hand of the organization
◦ use for emergency
ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
• Establishing formal authority
• Vision
◦ Desired future condition (what state for the future; what • Top Level
they envision) ◦ 3-5 years in the future
◦ 3-5 years in the future ◦ Creates strategic planning
◦ example: “Filipinos are among the healthiest people in ◦ Creates rules, regulations, and policies
Southeast Asia by 2022, Asia by 2040.” ◦ Establishes the mission, vision, philosophy
◦ Makes the final decision
BUDGET ◦ Strategic planner - Ceo, President, Admin, Medical
Director, Chief Nurse (top level manager)
• Mission
◦ Target clients - x in practice • Middle Level
◦ Reason for existence - x in practice ◦ Creates both strategic and operational planning
◦ Services provided ◦ Responsible for implementation of rules and regulations
◦ example: “To lead the country in the development of a ◦ Responsible for coordinating the effort of first level towards
productive, resilient, equitable and people-centered health the top level
system for Universal Health Care.” ◦ Supervisor; Coordinator

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 LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

• First Level
◦ creates only operational planning • Coercive Power
◦ deals with immediate problem of the organization ◦ Punitive power; ability to give punishment
◦ first line of defense of the organization ◦ Autocratic Leaders
◦ day to day planning
◦ Head nurse, Charge nurse, Team Leader, Senior Staff • Legitimate Power
Nurse, Primary Nurse ◦ Power based on positions

LINES OF COMMUNICATION
• Expert Power
• Upward Communication ◦ Power based on knowledge, skills and abilities; people
◦ staff going to manager follow because they know your capabilities.
◦ example: reporting, resignation, incident report,
• Reward Power
AUTHORITY
◦ Ability to give incentive; because of money
suggestions, request
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZING
• Downward Communication ◦ weak type of leader; if you don’t give money people are not
◦ Manager going to staff going to follow you anymore.
◦ example: termination (force), memo, disciplinary action,
schedule, bonus/ incentives • Referent Power
◦ Ability to persuade using charm/ charisma
• Horizontal Communication
◦ same level - staff to staff; manager to manager • Status
◦ example: endorsement, referral, conference/ meetings, ◦ Refers to ranks or positions depending on the
peer evaluation competence; experience, education, certifications
• Outward Communication • CHAIN OF COMMAND
◦ staff going to patient ◦ Links all person in the organization and who reports to
◦ patient not part of organization; that’s why outward com. whom
◦ example: health teaching, discharge planning, informed
consent, diagnosis • a. Scalar Principle
◦ manager delegates to a subordinate;
• Right to make decisions ◦ accountability cannot be delegated - should be supervise
• b. Unity of Command
TYPES OF AUTHORITY ◦ subordinate should only report to one superior; one master
◦ to avoid confusion; misunderstanding; overlapping of duties
• Line Authority
◦ Those in higher positions have authority over those in lower • HOMOGENOUS ASSIGNMENT
positions ◦ employee who perform similar task should be group
together

• EXCEPTION PRINCIPLE
◦ First level managers can only decide on routinary decision
making situations
◦ except: non routinary situation

• DECENTRALIZATION
◦ Decision making can be delegated to first level managers

• SPAN OF CONTROL
• Staff Authority ◦ Number of workers that a supervisor can effectively
◦ pure advising, suggesting and recommending manage is limited
◦ cannot make decisions ◦ Limited of subordinate
POWER ◦ Teach, Guide, Assist
◦ only over services ; taga sunod lang; alalay lang CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES ON ORGANIZING

• Functional Authority COMMUNICATION

The authority given to a person or department over a specific
task

Role • Centralization - top levels are the one who decide

◦ Set of behaviors (job description) expected to each
individuals
• Staffing
• right to practice your authority; power is needed for people • Directing
to follow you • Controlling

TYPES OF POWER
PAR, RN 2024
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

PAR, RN 2024