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 Physics 3

During the early stage of research and development the units of

Length, Mass and Time were assumed to be Fundamental. But later the
units of Electric Current, Temperature, Luminous Intensity and the amount
of substance were added and thus at present there are seven Fundamental
Units.>
Derived Units : Ifa physical quantity is expressed in terms of two or
more fundamental units then these units are called Derived Units. These
units have no independent existence like fundamental units. The unit
of Force, Momentum, Work, Potential Energy, Density etc. are Derived
Units.
System of Units
Usually physical quantities are measured in four systems of units.
(i) CGS System (Centimeter/Gram/Second System) : In this ystem
of units Length, Mass and Time are measured in Centimeter, Gram and
Second respectively. CGS system is also called Metic or French Svstem of
Units.
(ii) FPS System (Foot/Pound/Second System): In this system of units
Length, Mass and Time are measured in Foot, Pound and Second. FPS
system is also called British System of Units.
(iii) MKS System (Meter/Kilogram/Second System) : In this system
of units Length, Mass and Time are measured in Meter, Kilogram and
Second.
(iv) SI System (International System of Units) : In the International
Conference of Weights and Measures held at Geneva in 1960 the SI Systemn
of Units was adopted and accepted on the basis of a comprehensive
consensus. In fact SI system is extended and modified formn of the MKS
System.
There are Seven Furndamental Units and two Supplementary Units in
SI system.
Seven Fundamental Units of SI System:
(i) Length : In SI System Length is measured in meter and is defined
as

Total distance travelled by light in vacuum in 1/299792458 sec is called

1meter.
(ii) Mass:In SI system Mass is measured in Kilogram and is defined
as

The amount of the mass of a cylindrical alloy of Platinum-Iridium

kept at International Bureau of Weight and Measure at Severis in France is
called 1 kilogram.
(iii)Time : In SI system Time is measured in second and it is defined
as
In the transition of two hyper fine levels of energy in the ground state
of an atom of Cesium-133 by means of radiation between an interval of
9192631770 time-periods is called 1second.
Einstein in his special Theory of Relativity used Time as tourth
coordinate in Space-Time coordinate system.
(iv) Electric current: In SI system Electric cårrent is measured in
Ampere and is defined as
 magnetic
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