Content List:

Classifications of Noun: Countable &

Proper, Common, collective, Uncountable Nouns
material, abstract.

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 Noun:
A noun is a word that refers to a thing (book, table), a person (Habib, Saiful), an animal
(cat, tiger), a place (Dhaka, Cumilla), a quality (softness, coolness), an idea (justice,
freedom), or an action (belief, arrival). It's usually a single word, but not always: cake,
shoes, school bus, and university graduate are all nouns.

 Example: The old, tired man and his wife were sitting under a tree and patiently
waiting for their son to arrive safely.

Proper nouns

They refer to specific names of person, place, object and so on. For example, the word
"state" is a common noun. However, the names of specific states, such
as Alaska and California are proper nouns because they are the names of specific states.

 Jesmin and Jahid went out to dinner at Star Tuesday.

 He graduated from IBA.
 I have been to both Banghabhaban and The White House

Common nouns

Refer to people, places, things, or ideas in general terms.

Jesmin, Zara, and Nusrat all are proper noun, in general they can be termed as Girl which
is a common noun.

Padma, Meghana, and Jamuna all are proper noun but in general they can be termed as
River which is a common noun.

 Alex is a wonderful player.

 Sydney Sixers is the team he plays for.

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  He was not born in this country.
 Sydney is the city he lives in.

Collective nouns

Are nouns that refer to a group of something in particular. Often, collective nouns are
used to refer to groups of animals.

Example:

 Look at that gaggle of geese.

 There used to be herds of wild buffalo on the prairie.
 There is a crowd of kids is in the pool today.
 The team did a great job in the competition.

Material nouns

Refer to materials or substances from which things are made. Such as Gold, Silver, coal,
rock, water, sunlight, leather, wood, sand, air etc.

 My wedding ring is made of platinum.

 Consuming protein leads to building muscle mass.

Abstract nouns

Refer to concepts or feelings that cannot be experienced concretely or touched physically.

Ideas, qualities or conditions like love, hate, power, and time are all examples of abstract
nouns.

 All you need is love.

 There's so much hate for the new Star Wars trilogy.

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  We must use this time wisely.

Countable and Uncountable noun:

Countable nouns are individual people, animals, places, things, or ideas which can be
counted. Uncountable nouns are not individual objects, so they cannot be counted.

Countable:

Anything that can be counted, whether singular – a dog, a house, a friend, etc. or plural –
a few books, lots of oranges, etc. is a countable noun. Notice that singular verbs are used
with singular countable nouns, while plural verbs are used with plural countable nouns.

 There are at least twenty Italian restaurants in Little Italy.

 Megan took a lot of photographs when she went to the Grand Canyon.
 Your book is on the kitchen table.
 How many candles are on that birthday cake?
 You have several paintings to study in art appreciation class.
 There’s a big brown dog running around the neighbors.

Some irregular plural forms of noun:

Singular Plural
Foot Feet
Tooth Teeth
Goose Geese
Mouse Mice
Louse Lice
Die Dice
Focus Foci/ focuses
Radius Radii/ radiuses

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Cactus Cacti
Alumnus Alumni
Octopus Octopuses/ Octopi
Axis Axes
Analysis Analyses
Crisis Crises
Thesis Theses
phenomenon phenomena
criterion criteria
Datum data

memorandum memoranda
bacterium bacteria
stratum strata
curriculum Curricula/curriculums
index Indices/indexes
appendix Appendices/appendixes
Vita vitae

Singular/ Plural (no change):

Following nouns always maintain the same form whether it is plural or singular:

sheep fish deer moose swine buffalo Shrimp Trout Aircraft

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Practice- 1

1. How many------does your cat catch? (mouse)

2. They usually keep their winter clothes in ----- . (box)
3. We saw some------- on our way to the beach. (deer)
4. She bought two--------- in our online shop. (scarf)
5. Our uncle often tells us funny -------- . (story)
6. We often have------- for dinner on Fridays. (fish)
7. My sister likes ice cream with------- . (blueberry)
8. Our dog has never had any ------ . (louse)
9. The girls bought three------ in the mall. (dress)
10. How many------ work in your office? (person)
11. The farmer has a lot of ----- and------ . (sheep / ox)
12. You should always keep your------ warm in winter. (foot)
13. Does a cat really have seven ------- ? (life)
14. At how many-------- have you been this year? (party)
15. -------- broke into their house and stole some paintings. (thief)
16. You should clean your-------- twice a day. (tooth)
17. How many------ work in the restaurant? (woman)
18. My brother always has two-------- for lunch. (sandwich)
19. He was unlucky because he missed the hole by ------- . (inch)
20. They have five------- , three girl and two boys. (child)

Uncountable:

Anything that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun. Even though uncountable nouns
are not individual objects, they are always singular and one must always use
singular verbs in conjunction with uncountable nouns. Notice that singular verbs are
always used with uncountable nouns.

 There is no more water in the pond.

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  Please help yourself to some cheese.
 I need to find information about Pulitzer Prize winners.
 You seem to have a high level of intelligence.
 Please take good care of your equipment.
 Let’s get rid of the garbage.

We know that uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into
separate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We
can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are
some more uncountable nouns:

music art love happiness advice

information news furniture luggage rice

sugar butter water electricity gas

power currency money Knowledge Scenery

Traffic Weather Poetry Jewellery Equipment

Machinery Soap Bread Homework Snow

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:

 This news is very important.

 Your luggage looks heavy.

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We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say
"an information" or "a music". But we can say a "something" of:

 a piece of news
 a bottle of water
 a grain of rice
 A slice of Bread

Use of countable and uncountable expression:

Words Noun Example

A few, few Countable  There have been few problems with the new system,
thankfully!

Many, several Countable There are many animals at the zoo

There are several ways to get to my house.

Little, A little Uncountable Sorry, I have little money.

I really can't afford to go out.

Much Uncountable I haven't got much rice.

Some, a lot of, Countable Are there a lot of good players at your tennis club?
lots of
+  Let's go have some fun.
more, most,  Give me more suggestions
Uncountable
 Let me know more information


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 Here are some more examples of countable and uncountable nouns:

Countable Uncountable Countable Uncountable

Dollar, Take Money Journey Travel
Song Music Job Work
suitcase luggage view Scenery
Table Furniture Poem Poetry
Battery Electricity Tip Advice
Report Information

Practice 2:
Is the underlined noun countable or uncountable?

1. The children fell asleep quickly after a busy day of fun.

2. Be careful! The water is deep.
3. The parade included fire trucks and police cars.
4. We like the large bottles of mineral water.
5. My mother uses real butter in the cakes she bakes.
6. How many politicians does it take to pass a simple law?
7. Most kids like milk, but Joey hates it.
8. Most pottery is made of clay.
9. Michael can play several different musical instruments.
10. I was feeling so stressed that I ate an entire box of cookies.

Practice: 3
Find out the correct or incorrect sentence, if incorrect write down the correct form:

1. When do you start a work?

2. He bought a book and some CDs
3. I must buy some new shoes and maybe a handbag, too

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 4. There is a snow in the garden. Let’s make a snowman.
5. I am reading a newspaper and Saiful is listening to some music.
6. I would like to buy a new furniture.
7. Jim has got black curly hairs and blue eyes.
8. We need some informations about the town.
9. There is some breads and rolls on the table.
10. You must make room for all the furniture.
11. They baked a cake and a pork
12. Open the window, please. I need some fresh airs.
13. It was a nice weather yesterday. Did you go on a trip?
14. Can you give me some advice?
15. I am going to play a tennis. Is there a racket and a ball?

More Practice
1) Despite the material donations from the local shops, the school still needs ____ more
equipment such as video players, cassette players and computers.

A) a few B) many C) some D) no E) plenty

2) The police found ____ counterfeit money as well as guns at the gang's headquarters.

A) several more B) a large amount of C) only a few

D) a number of E) large numbers of

3) A colleague of ____ has lent us ____ holiday cottage for a week.

A) him / her B) mine / his C) theirs / its

D) your / them E) our / their

4) There is ____information available on recycling, but unfortunately, little of ____ is

known by ordinary people.

A) a lot of / it B) plenty of / them C) several / its

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D) much / theirs E) too many / itself

5) I've seen ____ of his work to know that he's ready for a promotion.

A) a number B) both C) a few D) several E) enough

6) Personally, of the two halls, I prefer the one closer to the airport, but ____ seems
suitable to hold our conference in.

A) both B) all C) either D) none E) every

7) Blood flows to ____ parts of the body through the circulatory system, which is
composed of arteries, veins and capillaries.

A) only a little B) much C) whole D) all E) every

8) They had ____ money to spend on their house, but even with that limited amount,
they managed to create a warm and friendly atmosphere.

A) a few B) little C) the whole D) plenty of E) small number of

9) ____ of the area managers is going to report his total sales to head office ____ two
weeks.

A) All / each B) Both / another C) Any / all

D) Every / several E) Each / every

10) We had had so much rain that the fields on ____ sides of the river were ____ flooded.

A) every / both B) neither / each C) each / most

D) all / much E) both / all

11) When the river was flooded, the farmhouse was surrounded by water on ____ sides.

A) every B) either C) each D) all E) neither

12) ____ sheep escaped from Farmer Gile's field last week, and so far, only ____ of them
has been found.

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A) Several / one B) Many / a few C) More / each

D) Some / enough E) A few / some

13) Each of ____ has a blue dash of paint on ____ coat, so it will be easy to recognize
Farmer Gile's sheep.

A) it / their B) him / theirs C) them / its

D) their / them E) his / it

14) We must admit that the fault was not entirely ____. Some of it must have been ____.

A) hers / ours B) his / us C) their / my

D) her / theirs E) mine / you

15) Thank you for letting me know about this birthday wish of ____.

A) him B) me C) your D) his E) us

16) I made a lot of friends in Mexico, but I have only kept in touch with ____ them.

A) plenty of B) a few of C) little D) many E) several

17) If we've got ____ time, we'll try to do ____ shopping as well.

A) much / a few B) several / lots of C) every / plenty

D) plenty of / many E) enough / some

18) Blood plays a critical part in the fight against disease because blood contains ____
kinds of disease combating agents.

A) each B) neither C) several D) a lot E) much

19) If parts of the body do not get ____ blood, they will become infected and their tissues
will die.

A) enough B) many C) whole D) all E) plenty

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20) Upon graduation, ____ student is sent an information pack giving useful tips and
information about finding suitable employment.

A) all B) each C) none D) many E) a few

21) Although we've already had ____ volunteers, we're still looking for ____ to help out at
the school fete.

A) plenty of / much B) several / much more C) a number of / a few more

D) a lot of / a little more E) almost no / quite a lot

22) ____ of his poems, "The Swans", ____ difficult to fully appreciate if you don't know
about the poet's meeting Nelly Sachs.

A) Much / have been B) Several / was C) A few / is going to

D) Some / has been E) One / is

23) ____ secret meetings the board of directors has had lately have led to ____
speculation in the office.

A) Every one of / lots of B) Too many / plenty C) A great deal of / many

D) A few / some E) A good many / a few

24) If people showed ____ concern for the environment, there wouldn't be ____ pollution
in the world.

A) much / too many B) enough / none C) less / several of

D) more / so much E) a few more / too much

25) It takes ____ of concentration and patience to make intricate lace handicrafts.

A) enough B) a good deal C) a little

D) much more E) a great many

26) ____ bird watchers arrived at the place where the rare bird had been sighted.

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A) A small amount of B) Only a little C) Too much

D) A good deal of E) A large number of

27) This footballer can kick the ball with ____ feet, but he is especially dangerous with his
left.

A) all B) neither C) some D) both E) either

28) On international airlines, there are always ____ a pilot and a co-pilot and each knows
the other's job, so, in the event that ____ falls ill during the flight, the other is qualified
to land the plane safely.

A) either / both B) neither / any C) both / either

D) all / neither E) many / one

29) She hasn't accepted the job in Vienna for ____ reasons, the most important of which
is that she hates cold weather.

A) much B) each C) every D) a few E) plenty

30) ____students actively participated in the discussion, which annoyed the teacher
because it showed that ____ of them hadn't prepared sufficiently.

A) Few / most B) All / hardly any C) None of / almost no

D) Too few / none E) Several / enough

31) The short life span of ____ animals as compared to humans is an advantage to
experimenters since it allows them to observe ____ generations of the same species.

A) much / the whole B) many / several C) a little / a few

D) all / so few E) any / much more

32) I'm sorry there is ____ coffee left. Would you mind drinking tea instead?

A) some B) much C) any D) no E) none

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33. The coach was glad that they didn't have ____ major injuries during the school's
sports week, and ____ team was ready for the next week's competition.

A) a little / very B) any / the whole C) none / some of

D) much / much of E) many / all

34. Public transport is getting more and more unbearable in this city because there are
____ people, but not ____ vehicles.

A) many more / much B) so much / many C) several / a little

D) plenty of / a few E) too many / enough

35. Marketing research is ____ expensive undertaking, and its costs are built into ____
prices of products.

A) an / the B) - / - C) the / - D) the / some E) the / any

36. If you improve ____ conclusion section of your essay, I think you'll get ____better
mark.

A) - / the B) the / a C) a / some

D) a / the E) the / -

37) What's ____ name of ____ player who scored ____ last goal?

A) the / - / a B) the / the / the C) - / the / an

D) an / - / the E) - / - / -

38) I'm going to buy ____ hose pipe because I'm tired of washing ____ car using ____
bucket.

A) the / a / - B) - / a / the C) a / a / -

D) a / the / a E) the / the / -

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39) ____ highly valued animal fibre, ____ silk has long been used for the production of
luxuries textiles of ____ finest quality.

A) A / - / the B) - / a / the C) The / - / a D) The / the / a E) A /

a/-

40) According to Hindus, the god Brahma discovered the pearl when he picked one from
the ocean to adorn ____ daughter Pandia on ____ wedding day.

A) him / hers B) his / her C) her / she D) himself / her E) herself /

him

41) She started reading first thing in the morning, and by nightfall, she had read the
____book. A) whole B) either C) all D) each E)
every

42) The best way to avoid high cholesterol levels in the blood is through maintaining a
balanced diet that includes ____ the major food groups in moderation.

A) many B) whole C) all D) both E) several

43) ____ I was going to suggest was the thing that we should hold our meetings at a more
convenient time.

A) All B) Each C) Both D) Every E) The whole

44) I hope we haven't invited ____ people to welcome them all properly.

A) lots of B) plenty of C) so few D) too many E) so much

45) A few relatives of ____ are going to stay with ____ over the weekends.

A) hers / us B) them / us C) mine / I D) him / their E) his / their

46) None of ____ wanted to become involved in the quarrel between two members.

A) your B) they C) her D) us E) him

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47) If we don't get ____ bookings, we'll have to cancel the trip.

A) a few more B) much more C) no longer

D) a little more E) any longer

48) They only delivered ____ our order today, but they will bring the rest tomorrow.

A) both B) half C) some D) each E) most

49) Arizona State in the US is very hot, but there is usually only ____ humidity, so it is
not very pleasant.

A) several B) most C) a little D) few E) much

50) Of the many dresses she has shown, ____ was actually to her taste, but she had to
choose one for the party.

A) both B) some C) none D) neither E) most

51) Although the film was criticized favourably by ____ critics, it received ____
appreciation from the audience.

A) many / little B) some / too few C) either / less

D) all / fewer E) both / neither

52) A: Should I study art or philosophy? B: ____! In my opinion, they are ____ a waste of
time.

A) Both / either B) Neither / both C) All / whole

D) Each / none E) None / all

53) Spanish, Italian, French are all derived from Latin, which is why there are ____
similarities between them.

A) too much B) much less C) such a lot D) so many E) very a little

54) You can ride up hills much more easily because ____ bicycle has five more gears than
____.

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A) your / mine B) his / me C) hers / theirs D) mine / yours E) her / us

55) Almost ____ nation sends teams of selected athletes to take part in the Olympic
Games, which are held ____ four years.

A) any / all B) each / many C) every / every

D) all / each E) many / a few

Answer

1: C 2: B 3: B 4: A 5: E 6: C 7: D 8: B 9: E 10: E 11: D 12: A 13: C 14: A 15: D 16: B 17: E 18:

C 19: A 20: B 21: C 22: E 23: D 24: D 25: B 26: E 27: D 28: C 29: D 30: A 31: B 32: D 33: B 34:
E 35: A 36: B 37: B 38: D 39: A 40: B 41: A 42: C 43: A 44: D 45: A 46: D 47: A 48: B 49: C
50: C 51: A 52: B 53: D 54: A 55: C

Vocabulary

Words English Meaning Bangla Meaning

abate to decrease; reduce
abdicate to give up a position, right, or power
aberrant deviating from what is normal
abeyance temporary suppression or suspension
abject miserable; pitiful

abjure to reject; abandon formally

abscond to depart secretly
abstemious moderate in appetite
abstinence the giving up of certain pleasures
abysmal very bad
accretion growth in size or increase in amount

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accrue to accumulate; grow by additions
adamant uncompromising; unyielding
adjunct something added, attached, or joined
admonish to caution or reprimand
adulterate to corrupt or make impure
aesthetic relating to beauty or the arts

affected pretentious; phony

affinity fondness; liking; similarity
aggrandize to make larger or greater
aggregate amounting to a whole; total
alacrity cheerful willingness; eagerness; speed
alchemy medieval chemical philosophy based on -
changing metal into gold; a seemingly
magical power or process of transmutation
allay to lessen; ease; soothe
alleviate to relieve; improve partially

alloy a combination; a mixture of two or more

metals
allure the power to entice by charm
amalgamate to combine into a unified whole

ambiguous unclear or doubtful in meaning

ambivalence the state of having conflicting emotional
attitudes
ambrosia something delicious; the food of the gods
ameliorate to improve
amenable agreeable; cooperative; suited

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amenity something that increases comfort
amulet ornament worn as a charm against evil spirits
anachronism something out of the proper time

analgesic medication that reduces or eliminates pain

analogous comparable .
anarchy absence of government; state of disorder
anodyne something that calms or soothes pain

anomalous irregular; deviating from the norm

antecedent something that comes before
antediluvian prehistoric

antipathy dislike; hostility

apathy indifference
apex the highest point .
apogee the point in an orbit most distant from the
body being orbited; the highest point

apothegm a terse, witty saying

appease to calm, pacify, placate

appellation name
apposite strikingly appropriate and relevant
apprise to inform
approbation praise, approval
appropriate to take possession of for one's own use;
confiscate
apropos relevant

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arabesque ornate design featuring intertwined curves; a
ballet position in which one leg is extended -
in back while the other supports the weight
of the body
archeology the study of material evidence of past human
life
ardor great emotion or passion

arduous extremely difficult; laborious

argot a specialized vocabulary used by a group

arrest to stop; to seize

artifact item made by human craft
artless guileless; natural
ascetic one who practices self-denial

asperity severity; harshness; irritability

aspersion slander; false rumor

assiduous diligent; hard-working
assuage to make less severe

astringent harsh; severe

asylum place of refuge or shelter
atavism in biology, the reappearance of a
characteristic in an organism after
several generations of absence; individual or
a part that exhibits atavism; return of a trait
after a period of absence
attenuate to weaken

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audacious bold; daring
austere stern; unadorned; simple
autonomous self-governing; independent
avarice greed
aver to affirm; declare to be true
avocation secondary occupation
avuncular like an uncle, benevolent and tolerant
axiomatic taken for granted; self-evident truth
bacchanalian pertaining to riotous or drunken festivity;
pertaining to revelry
banal commonplace; trite
banter playful conversation
bard poet
bawdy obscene
beatify to sanctify; to bless; to ascribe a virtue to
bedizen to dress in a vulgar, showy manner

behemoth huge creature; anything very large and

powerful
belie to contradict; misrepresent; give a false
impression
beneficent kindly; doing good
bifurcate to divide into two parts

blandishment flattery
blasé bored because of frequent indulgence; -
unconcerned
bolster to give a boost to; prop up; support

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bombastic pompous; using inflated language

boorish rude; insensitive

bovine cow like -
brazen bold; shameless
broach to mention for the first time

bucolic characteristic of the countryside; rustic;

pastoral

Answer Sheet

P1

1. Mice, 2. Boxes, 3. Deer, 4. Scarves, 5. Stories, 6. Fish, 7. Blueberries 8. Lice, 9. Dresses,

10. People, 11. Sheep, oxen 12. Feet, 13. Lives, 14. Parties, 15. Thieves, 16. Teeth, 17.
Women 18. Sandwiches, 19. Inches, 20. Children

P2

1 – countable, 2 – uncountable, 3 – countable, 4 – countable, 5 – uncountable, 6 – countable,

7 – uncountable, 8 – uncountable, 9 – countable, 10 – countable

P3

1. Incorrect: a job instead of a work

2. Correct
3. Correct
4. Incorrect: some snow
5. Correct
6. Incorrect: some new furniture

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 7. Incorrect: hair is uncountable when speaking about hair in general.
8. Incorrect: some information
9. Incorrect: some bread
10. Correct
11. Incorrect: some pork( pork refers to meat)
12. Incorrect: some fresh air
13. Incorrect: nice weather
14. Incorrect: some advice
15. Incorrect: tennis

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