Notes on Triangles
Triangle: A closed figure with three sides is called a Triangle.
It has three vertex, sides and Angles.
Congruence: If the shape and size of two figures are same then
these are called Congruent.
1. Two circles are congruent if their radii are same.
2. Two squares are congruent if their sides are equal.
Congruence of Triangles: A triangle will be congruent if its corresponding sides
and angles are equal.
The symbol of congruent is “≅”.
In ∆ABC and ∆DEF
AB = DE, BC = EF, AC = DF
m∠A = m∠D, m∠B = m∠E, m∠C = m∠F
Here ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF
Criteria for Congruence of Triangles
S. No. Rule Meaning Figure
1. SAS (Side- If the two sides and
Angle-Side) the including angle of
Congruence one triangle is equal to
rule another triangle then
they are called
congruent triangles.
2. ASA (Angle- If the two angles and
Side-Angle) the including side of
Congruence one triangle is equal to
rule another triangle then
they are called
congruent triangles.
3. AAS (Angle- If any two pairs of
Angle-Side) angles and a pair of
Congruence the corresponding side
rule is equal in two
triangles then these
are called congruent
triangles.
4. SSS (Side- If all the three sides of
Side-Side) a triangle are equal
Congruence with the three
rule corresponding sides of
another triangle then
these are called
congruent triangles.
5. RHS (Right If there are two right-
angle- angled triangles then
Hypotenuse- they will be congruent
Side) if their hypotenuse and
Congruence any one side are
rule equal.
Remark
1. SSA and ASS do not show the congruency of triangles.
2. AAA is also not the right condition to prove that the triangles are congruent.
Some Properties of an Isosceles Triangle
If a triangle has two equal sides then it is called an Isosceles Triangle.
1. Two angles opposite to the two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are also
equal.
2. Two sides opposite to the equal angles of the isosceles triangle are also equal.
This is the converse of the above theorem.
