CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS

Ray Mark B. Constantino 12 – STEM A

 Art - plays a significant part in the rich cultural became popular in 1912 when foreigner
identity of the Philippines. It mirrors the Edward Gross and Harry Brown produced the
Filipino people, its history, its tradition, and film about the life of Dr. Jose Rizal. This
the country as a whole. started filmmaking in the country and each art
-Diverse art forms in the different parts of the forms have significant developments in the
archipelago, when integrated, will give a clear contemporary period.
picture of what kind of country the Philippines
LESSON 1: Introduction of Contemporary Art
is and what kind of people the Filipinos are.
These art forms developed from the early  Contemporary Art - is the art of today,
times continue to evolve up to the present. produced by artists who are living in the
From the ethnic tradition, it continues to twenty-first century. This Art provides an
progress to contemporary art tradition. opportunity to reflect on contemporary
 Visual Arts - In the American period, society and the issues relevant to ourselves
education was introduced to the Philippines. and the world around us.
There were Filipinos who studied abroad and -The arts is a fraction of a bigger branch of
influenced the art making in the country. Juan discipline: the humanities. What is
Arellano, Diosdado Lorenzo, and Victorio humanities?
Edades were among those who studied The term Humanities refers to the study of
outside the Philippines. These three artists the human experience - how people process
went back and introduced the concept of and record their thoughts, beliefs, and
modern art in the country. longings. Humanities include philosophy,
 Literature - In the field of poetry during the history, literature, art, music, and language as
contemporary period, publication of young their modes of expression. The subjects in
poets to campus journals emerged. school are classified into two general types:
 Music - During the early American period, the the sciences and the humanities. The sciences
music of the country was mostly classical due deal with the object study of the external
to the influence of the European. This kind of world - what we see in it and all processes
music continued flourishing until the 1950s. It that happen within it. On the other hand,
was in the 1960s that avant-garde music humanities deal with the expression of the
emerged. The Philippine music at the time internal world of a person, a world where
evolved into a combination of classical and everything is subjective. This internal world
traditional or ethnic music. includes a person's emotions, dreams, and
 Dance - During the first years of the American aspirations.
period, vaudeville or bodabil dancing became - Contemporary art is essential to you not only
popular. Bodabil is a kind of stage show because it belongs to your time, but it also
introduced by the American Dances like buck- serves as a form of expression of the people’s
and-wing, tap dancing, clog, skirt dancing present feelings and longings. Contemporary
were among the dances being performed in works of art are the means through which the
the show. artists of today communicate their
 Architecture - In the American Colonial and sentiments.
Contemporary Period, the Philippine
architecture adopted the modern Western
architectural style while taking into
consideration the physical and socio-cultural
situation of the country. The Philippine
architecture was characterized as simple,
rational, and functional, and; the
 Film industry in the Philippines started in 1897
through the initiatives of foreign
businessmen. Swiss entrepreneurs were the
first to feature film shows in Manila. The Film
 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS
Ray Mark B. Constantino 12 – STEM A
procedures and various methods of
communicating their feelings,
perspectives, thoughts, and different
things that they needed to
communicate through Arts. They
were viewed as contemporary artists
in light of the fact that their styles
and methods of making artworks
veered away from that of customary
workmanship.

 Modern VS Contemporary Art

 Modern Art - came before
 Importance of Art contemporary art. Most art historians
 Satisfies the needs for personal and critics put the beginning of
expression modern art in the West at around the
 Develops our skills to express 1860s, continuing up to the 1960s.
ourselves Whereas, contemporary art means art
 Challenges us to see things differently made in the present day.
 Unleashes our hidden desires and  Different Forms of Art
passion  Painting
 Can change our ways in life  Sculpture
 Sees the truth that we might not  Literature
understand before  Architecture
 Gives pleasure, satisfaction and  Cinema
gratification  Music
 Theater
 Functions of Art  Dance
 Most important means of expression  Integrative Art - different art categories that
developed by man. melted together to produce an integrated or
 To express beauty combined art. This crossbreeding in the
 To give man moment of relaxation contemporary scene has resulted in a hybrid
and spiritual happiness art called integrative art.
 To serve as a channel of man’s  Contemporary Art - is essential to you not
passion only because it belongs to your time, but it
 To reform man also serves as a form of expression of the
 To overcome the feelings of people’s present feelings and longings.
restlessness and loneliness Contemporary works of art are the means
through which the artists of today
 Contemporary Philippine Art communicate their sentiments.
 The art of the Philippines refers to the -Contemporary Art is the art of today,
works of art that have developed and produced by artists who are living in the
accumulated in the Philippines from twenty-first century. This Art provides an
the beginning of civilization in the opportunity to reflect on contemporary
country up to the present era. society and the issues relevant to ourselves
 According to Santos (2016), in and the world around us. Examples of the
Philippine art as in its culture, one most popular contemporary subjects are
notes the various shades, lines, and feminism, globalization, migration, and
tones, and even the contrasting environmental concerns.
characters that have been absorbed  Decorative Arts - are arts or crafts whose aim
and blended into new forms that are is the design and manufacture of objects that
particularly Filipino. are both beautiful and functional. This
 Contemporary Arts began during the includes most of the objects for the interiors
1950s, after World War II. Artists of buildings, as well as interior design, but
began to experiment various typically excludes architecture.
 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS
Ray Mark B. Constantino 12 – STEM A
 Fine Art - is made primarily -Color has three properties:
for aesthetics or creative expression,  Hue – the name of a color, such as
distinguishing it from decorative art or applied red, blue, or yellow.
art, which also has to serve some practical  Value – the lightness or darkness of a
function, such as pottery or most metalwork. color.
In the aesthetic theories developed in  Intensity – the brightness or dullness
the Italian Renaissance, the highest art was of a color.
that which allowed the full expression and -Colors are arranged in a circular format on a
display of the artist's imagination. color wheel. Red, yellow, and blue are the
primary colors. Violet, green and orange are
LESSON 2: Contemporary Philippine Arts From The the secondary colors. Artists make use of
Regions different types of color schemes to create
different effects.
 The elements of art are important for several -Complementary – colors opposite of one
reasons. First and most importantly, a person another on the color wheel
cannot create art without utilizing at least a -Monochromatic – different values of a single
few of them. Secondly, knowing what the color
elements of art are, it enables us to describe -Analogous – colors that are side by side on a
what an artist has done, analyze what is going color wheel and share a hue
on in a particular piece and communicate our  Warm – red, yellow, orange
thoughts and findings using a common  Cool – blue, green, violet
language.  Value
-In order to understand, deftly critique, and  Line - is the extension of a point a short or long
practice your chosen art form, you need to
know the key concepts that it is built upon.
Familiarity with elements of art like color and
line and principles of art (proportion, rhythm,
and contrast among others) is what gives
artists that fluency. With your knowledge of
these, you will always be able to find the joy
and excitement that can surround art…and for
art lovers there is nothing more appealing mark drawn or carved on a surface. You can
than that. find lines everywhere you look. An implied
path suggesting— a. direction such as vertical,
 Elements of Art horizontal and diagonal. B. character such as:
 Color (hue) - is the most striking elements of jagged , curve, series of dots or broken lines.
art that catches the eye. Artists use color in Line can vary in width, direction, and length.
many different ways. The colors we see are There are many different kinds of lines.
light waves absorbed or reflected by -Here are some common lines:
everything around us. In nature, a rainbow is  Horizontal lines – lines that run
white light that is broken apart by the parallel to the ground, appear to be at
moisture in the air. rest.
-People discovered that white light can be  Vertical lines – lines that run up and
broken apart using tools like prisms or down, seem to show dignity,
spectroscopes. The colors of the visible light formality, and strength.
spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green, blue,  Diagonal lines – lines that signal
indigo and violet. action and excitement.
-White light consists of all of the colors mixed  Zigzag lines – lines that are made
together. The color of an object depends on from combined diagonal lines, can
how it absorbs and/or reflects light. If an create a feeling of confusion or
object absorbs all of the light wavelengths, it suggest action.
will appear black. If it reflects all of them, it  Curved lines – lines that express
will appear white. If an object absorbs all movement in a graceful, flowing way
wavelengths except red, for example, it will
look red.
 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS
Ray Mark B. Constantino 12 – STEM A
space – the shapes or forms Negative space –
the empty spaces between the shapes or the
background
-Artists also create positive and negative
space in two-dimensional artworks.
 Positive space – the shapes or forms
 Negative space – the empty spaces
between the shapes or the
background.
 Shape - When lines meet, shapes are formed.
 Principles of Design
Shape can also be described as a figure
separate from its surrounding area or
background. Shapes are flat and two-
dimensional - height and width. Some shapes
are geometric, such as squares, circles,
triangles, rectangles, and ovals and using
created using a ruler or drawing tool. Other
shapes are organic or irregular and free-form.

 Form - is one of the elements of art. Forms

are three-dimensional—they have height,
width and depth. Shapes are flat; forms are
not. Here are some common forms:

 Texture - When we reach out and touch an

object we feel ‘something’ about the surface;
rough, smooth, soft, furry, bumpy, ridged, etc.
This quality is referred to as texture. It is one
of the elements of art. Artists also create the
illusion of texture in artworks such as
paintings, drawings and prints – implied
texture; created with elements such as
pattern and line.
 Space - Space in visual arts can be defined as a
void, an emptiness which can either be
positive or negative. Space can be two-
dimensional, three-dimensional, negative
and/ or positive. You can easily see the
positive and negative space in this sculpture.
-Artists also create positive and negative
space in two-dimensional artworks. Positive
 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS
Ray Mark B. Constantino 12 – STEM A
- it mirrors the society and culture of the present
times.
-the traditional art of the Philippines developed as
different factors influence the artmaking in the
country

 The Development of the Philippine Art comes

in Three Major Traditions:
 Ethnic Tradition
 Spanish Colonial Tradition
 American Colonial and Contemporary
Tradition

 Ethnic Tradition
 Ethnic art forms are primarily influenced by
the geographical location and the experiences
of the Filipinos.
 Dances - dances in the country during the pre-
colonial times vary depending on the area
where our ancestors thrive. In the highlands,
dance steps were imitations of the
movements of certain animals like birds. The
choreography of the Filipinos near the sea
was mimics of the movement of the fishes.
 Visual Arts - Pottery, weaving, Wood carving,
and Metal crafting were dominant during the
pre-colonial period making use of the
available materials surrounding them.
 Architecture - The early Filipinos used local
materials such as anahaw, bamboo, cogon,
cane, rattan and other light materials in
constructing structures since these were the
materials accessible in their area.
 Literature - Our ancestors already have their
folk literature which came in the forms of folk
speeches, songs, and narratives.
 Folk Speech - -refers to the dialect, or
style, of speaking, unique to people
living within a geographical area.
 Folk Song - -traditional music of the
Philippines, reflects the life of
common, mostly rural Filipino
 Folk Narrative - -can either be prose-
alamat(Folklore), the legend, and the
kwentong bayan(folktale)
 Theater Arts - Tribal presentations and rituals
the early theatrical performances of the
Filipinos depicting their beliefs.
 Music - Our ancestors also have indigenous
musical instruments like the bamboo flutes
and brass gongs.
Lesson 3: CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM
THE REGION

-artwork that is created at present time  Spanish Colonial Tradition

 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS
Ray Mark B. Constantino 12 – STEM A
 Spaniards tend to replace the Philippine of the present times. It uses a combination of
indigenous art with western art form. Religion different methods, materials, and ideas that
and secularization greatly influenced the art in transcend the traditional way of art making.
the Philippines. The Friars were the ones
supervising the practice of art in the country LESSON 4
with their agenda of propagating Christianity
and maintaining the power of the colonizer.  7 Major Art Forms
 Dance - (Choreography) Religious dances  Visual Arts
commonly performed to venerate patrons  Literature
and saints proliferated. Secular dances  Music
performed in social functions like the Valse,  Theater
fandango, polka and minuet.  Dance
 Visual Arts - Spaniards introduced painting  Architecture
and sculpture depicted religious subject  Film
matters. -characteristics of the various art forms as they
 Architecture - Stones and bricks were used in developed from the American Colonial Period up to
constructing churches, houses and the present.
government offices.
 Literature - Religious and secular prose and  Visual Arts
poetry could be classified for literary works.  The arts created primarily for visual
 Theater Arts - Secular and religious plays like perception, as drawing, graphics, painting,
“ Komedya “ sculpture and the decorative arts.
 Komedya is a theatrical tradition in  The Philippine visual arts encompass a range
Christianized Philippines whose plot of forms developed by Filipinos in the Ethnic,
generally revolves around the social, Spanish, American, and Contemporary
political and religious conflicts of traditions.
Muslim and Christian  In Ethnic communities, pottery, weaving,
 Music - The Spaniards introduced the piano carving, and metalcraft are made for ritual
and other western instruments, bands and purposes or for everyday use.
orchestra multiplied as zarzuelas and operas  During the Spanish colonization, painting and
became prevalent. sculpture were introduced whose subject
 The art in the country did not result in pure matter was religious and secular.
western art but were mix of Western and
indigenous art. Filipino artist still put Filipino  Fernando Amorsolo – (1892-1972) was a
touches on their art pieces. portraitist and painter of rural landscapes. He
is best known for his craftsmanship and
 American Colonial and Contemporary mastery in the use of light.
Tradition  Banesa describes Amorsolo works as
 The American brought about many changes in the “most expressive of the ethos of
the politics, economy, education and culture the race and the predominantly
of the Philippines. agricultural countryside”
 Education - There are Filipinos who went  Men and women are portrayed as
abroad to study. Those who went abroad to hardworking with smiles on their
study came back to the country carrying the faces.
concept of modern art.  Landscapes in Amorsolo’s paintings
are rural lands in the Philippines,
 Modern Art - Refers to the practice of art in vegetation and nature.
the year of 1860s-1960s. This year, the western  Famous art work:
world was significantly developing. Modern art o Dalagang Bukid
continuously develops even after world war II, o Palay Maiden
which led to contemporary way of art making  Education
today.  In the American period, education was
 Contemporary Art - Refers to the recent and introduced to the Philippines.
current practice of art ranging from year 1970s
up to present. It mirrors the society and culture
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Ray Mark B. Constantino 12 – STEM A
 3 Filipinos studied abroad and influenced the -it was also during this period Paris Cubism took
art making on the country: scene. It is kind of cubism showing fragmented figures
 Juan Arellano in larger planes, color harmonies and texture.
 Diosdado Lorenzo
 Victorio Edades – introduced visual  Cubism
art through his art exhibition which  A movement in modern art that emphasized
shocked many Filipino audiences due the geometrical depiction of natural forms.
to his different style in painting.  Cubist – artist who paints several different
Instead of using bright and happy views of a person or object in a single
colors, he used dull and dark hues in paintings usually using straight lines.
his works. His subjects are life of the  An early 20th century style and movement in
laborers, workers and lower sector of art, especially in painting, in which
the society. His famous works are: perspective with a single viewpoint was
o The Sketch abandoned.
o The Builders  Simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes,
o Mora Girl and later collage are being used.
 After the Triumvirate had introduced art  Three Cubist during the Modern Period:
modernism, thirteen artist called “The  Vincent Manansala
Thirteen Modern” followed their life. o Carola
 Victorio Edades  Romeo Tabuena
 Juan Arellano o Untitled
 Diosdado Lorenzo  Cesar Legaspi
 Arsenio Capili o The Brave
 Bonifacio Cristobal
 Demetrio Diego  Abstract
 Carlos Francisco  Abstraction was also employed during the
 Cesar Legazpi modern time.
 Anita Magsaysay – Ho  Abstractionist – a person who produces
 Galo Ocampo abstract works of art.
 Hernando R. Ocampo  Abstractionist during the modern period:
 Jose Pardo  Hernando R. Ocampo
 Ricarte Purungganan o Genesis
 Constantino Bernardo
-During the American period, the subjects of artworks  Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz
shifted from Rural to Urban  Arturo Luz
o Palitana – White Temple
 After World War II  Jose Joya
 Artist started creating proletarian art o Hills of Nikko
 Proletarian Art – which depicts the life after  Abstractionism
the war, social issues and economic problems  The principles and practice of abstract art.
 Modernism garnered a larger influence since The presentation of ideas in abstract
there are institution that was created that terms. Representational is abandoned.
supports modern art movement like;
 The Art Association of the Philippines  In Sculpture
by Purita Kalaw – Ladesma  Napoleon Abueva – use of different
 Philippine Art Gallery by Lydia materials like variety of woods, metals,
Villanueva – Arguilla and stones and combined to produce
unique sculptures.
-Through the year’s different artists carrying different o The Pegaraw – Pegasus and
styles in making arts become popular and various Tamaraw
visual art trends emerged. o The Bibingka Vendor
-there were stylistics arts and drawings and thematic  Other sculptors joined and use plastics,
artworks reflecting historical, social, economic, and jade, brass and other materials
political themes.
 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS
Ray Mark B. Constantino 12 – STEM A
 Reflects dynamism, freedom of  Abstract Expressionism – is an art style in
expression and concern to the masses which artist paint, for example in a manner
 Ramon Orlina and Impy Pilapi – explored that expresses emotions and feelings in a
the used of glass in making sculptures spontaneous way. The figured may be heavy
in lines and color without solid mass.
 Realism  Kinetic Art – is a sculpture that may be moved
 Ben Cab – worked with realism and by the wind or powered by machine or
experimental devices. electricity.
 Galo Ocampo and Juvenal – known  Op Art – uses lines or images repeatedly to
“surrealist”, surrealism emerged which create optical illusion
explored the world of dream.  Performance Art – combines a variety of
 Social Realist Artist – used other popular media and the human body to execute an
art forms conveying nationalistic artistic theatrical expression performed
messages like comic, posters, and before a live audience.
cartoons.  Environmental Art – involves the artistic
 Magic Realism –refers to the style in a creation or manipulation of space such as
painting showing minute details of the landscape or architectural design that may
subjects and highlighting their texture and enclose its audience earthwork or using
color. stones, leaves, trees, grass, or other elements
 Nestor Leynes are included.
o Bigas  Feminist Art – emerged from concerns of
o Mag – ina sa Banig female artists expressed through art. They
tackle issues of identity, sexuality, gender
 Genre Painting roles, equality and the ways which the female
 Showing the lives of the town folks, legends is treated in society, among others.
and traditions in the Philippine Contemporary  Minimalism – has a stripped-down,
Period. prefabricated look, free of details and often
 Fernando Amorsolo with flat surface, but expresses a specific
o Under the Mango Tree content or statement.
 Junyee, Roberto Villanueva, and Roberto  Video Art – consist of image that are recorded
Fleo –artists who used indigenous materials, through a video and viewed through
became a trend in sculptures and installation television, computer or projection screen.
art to promote environmental awareness  Graffiti Art – is a drawing, inscription, or
 NCCA’s Committee on Visayas Arts (CVA )- sketch done hastily on a wall or other surface
launched an education program that tends to made to be seen by the public
convene artists annually in the country  Post Modern Art – carries modern styles to
through their regional and national congress. extreme practices, often expressing an idea
 The artists were given more avenues to through a mix of materials such as found
exhibit their works objects welded together.
 Baguio Art Guild and Bacolod’s Black Artist in
Asia –these groups create workshops, art
festivals, and art exhibitions to encourage
young generations to take part in enriching
the country’s visual art.

 Body Art – is an form that uses the body as

the medium or main material, it can be
painted or clothed and used for an art
performance in public. Tattooing and piercing
are examples of body.
 Digital Art – is done with the aid of computer
to create an image or design composed of bits
and bytes. He image can be printed, tarpaulin,
or other medium.