Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025.

Subject content

16.5 Sexual hormones in humans

Core Supplement
1 Describe the roles
Attt of testosterone and oestrogen
in the development and regulation of secondary
sexual characteristics during puberty
M

2 Describe the menstrual cycle in terms of changes 3 Describe the sites of production of oestrogen
in the ovaries and in the lining of the uterus and progesterone in the menstrual cycle and in
pregnancy
4 Explain the role of hormones in controlling the
uh
menstrual cycle and pregnancy, limited to FSH,
LH, progesterone and oestrogen

eighaggence
16.6 Sexually transmitted infections
am

Core Supplement
1 Describe a sexually transmitted infection (STI) as
an infection that is transmitted through sexual
contact
2 State that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
is a pathogen that causes an STI
m
3 State that HIV infection may lead to AIDS
4 Describe the methods of transmission of HIV
5 Explain how the spread of STIs is controlled
ad

17 Inheritance
17.1 Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Core Supplement
1 State that chromosomes are made of DNA,
As
which contains genetic information in the form
of genes
2 Define a gene as a length of DNA that codes for a
protein
3 Define an allele as an alternative form of a gene
la
4 Describe the inheritance of sex in humans with
reference to X and Y chromosomes
5 State that the sequence of bases in a gene
determines the sequence of amino acids used to
m
make a specific protein (knowledge of the details
of nucleotide structure is not required)
6 Explain that different sequences of amino acids
give different shapes to protein molecules
continued

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Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content

17.1 Chromosomes, genes and proteins continued

Core Supplement
7 Explain that DNA controls cell function by
controlling the production of proteins, including
enzymes, membrane carriers and receptors for
M
neurotransmitters
8 Explain how a protein is made, limited to:
• the gene coding for the protein remains in
the nucleus
uh

• messenger RNA (mRNA) is a copy of a gene

• mRNA molecules are made in the nucleus
and move to the cytoplasm
• the mRNA passes through ribosomes
• the ribosome assembles amino acids into
am
protein molecules
• the specific sequence of amino acids is
determined by the sequence of bases in the
mRNA
(knowledge of the details of transcription or
translation is not required)
m
9 Explain that most body cells in an organism
contain the same genes, but many genes in a
particular cell are not expressed because the cell
only makes the specific proteins it needs
10 Describe a haploid nucleus as a nucleus
ad
containing a single set of chromosomes
11 Describe a diploid nucleus as a nucleus containing
two sets of chromosomes
12 State that in a diploid cell, there is a pair of each
type of chromosome and in a human diploid cell
there are 23 pairs
As

17.2 Mitosis

Core Supplement
1 Describe mitosis as nuclear division giving rise to
la
genetically identical cells (details of the stages of
mitosis are not required)
2 State the role of mitosis in growth, repair of
damaged tissues, replacement of cells and
m
asexual reproduction
3 State that the exact replication of chromosomes
occurs before mitosis
4 State that during mitosis, the copies of
chromosomes separate, maintaining the
chromosome number in each daughter cell
5 Describe stem cells as unspecialised cells that
divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that
can become specialised for specific functions

34 www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse Back to contents page

 Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content

17.3 Meiosis

Core Supplement
1 State that meiosis is involved in the production
of gametes
2 Describe meiosis as a reduction division in which
M

the chromosome number is halved from diploid

to haploid resulting in genetically different cells
(details of the stages of meiosis are not required)
uh

17.4 Monohybrid inheritance

Core Supplement
1 Describe inheritance as the transmission
am
of genetic information from generation to
generation
2 Describe genotype as the genetic make-up of an
organism and in terms of the alleles present
3 Describe phenotype as the observable features of
an organism
4 Describe homozygous as having two identical
m
alleles of a particular gene
5 State that two identical homozygous individuals
that breed together will be pure-breeding
6 Describe heterozygous as having two different
ad
alleles of a particular gene
7 State that a heterozygous individual will not be
pure-breeding
8 Describe a dominant allele as an allele that is
expressed if it is present in the genotype
9 Describe a recessive allele as an allele that is only
expressed when there is no dominant allele of
As
the gene present in the genotype
10 Interpret pedigree diagrams for the inheritance of
a given characteristic
11 Use genetic diagrams to predict the results of 13 Explain how to use a test cross to identify an
monohybrid crosses and calculate phenotypic unknown genotype
la
ratios, limited to 1 : 1 and 3 : 1 ratios
12 Use Punnett squares in crosses which result in
more than one genotype to work out and show
the possible different genotypes continued
m

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Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content

17.4 Monohybrid inheritance continued

Core Supplement
14 Describe codominance as a situation in
which both alleles in heterozygous organisms
contribute to the phenotype
M

15 Explain the inheritance of ABO blood groups:

phenotypes are A, B, AB and O blood groups and
alleles are IA, IB and Io
16 Describe a sex-linked characteristic as a feature
uh
in which the gene responsible is located on
a sex chromosome and that this makes the
characteristic more common in one sex than in
the other
17 Describe red-green colour blindness as an
am
example of sex linkage
18 Use genetic diagrams to predict the results of
monohybrid crosses involving codominance or
sex linkage and calculate phenotypic ratios

18 Variation and selection

m

18.1 Variation

Core Supplement
1 Describe variation as differences between
ad

individuals of the same species

2 State that continuous variation results in a range
of phenotypes between two extremes; examples
include body length and body mass
3 State that discontinuous variation results
in a limited number of phenotypes with no
intermediates; examples include ABO blood
As

groups, seed shape in peas and seed colour in sooooo

peas
4 State that discontinuous variation is usually
caused by genes only and continuous variation is
caused by both genes and the environment
la
5 Investigate and describe examples of continuous
and discontinuous variation
6 Describe mutation as genetic change 9 Describe gene mutation as a random change in
the base sequence of DNA
m
7 State that mutation is the way in which new 10 State that mutation, meiosis, random mating
alleles are formed and random fertilisation are sources of genetic
variation in populations
8 State that ionising radiation and some chemicals
increase the rate of mutation

36 www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse Back to contents page

 Cells have long thread like structures called

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M
chromosomes made up of a chemical called DNA

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DNA is a large molecule made foom small
molecules called nucleotide The nucleotide molecules
linked together to toom a large chain called
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complementary Base pairing
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way
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two strands of
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Impotence of sequence of Bases A T G C

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100
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of pollen goain and the

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 MITOSIS 2N N

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3
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aread healed
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5 Mitosis OCCULS In the developing Embryo
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 MEIOSIS
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SEX DETERMINATION ad IN HUMANS ORMAMMAK

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