www.ManzoorTheTrainer.

com

Learn C#.Net Core From Scratch

With Real World Examples

Mohd Manzoor Ahmed

(MCT | Founder Of www.ManzoorTheTrainer.com)
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Prerequisite
● You should know how to use computer.
● Install Visual Studio 2022 Community Edition
https://www.visualstudio.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=Commu
nity&rel=15
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.Net Flavours
● .Net Framework (1.0,2.0,3.0,3.5,4.0,4.5,4.6,4.7 <->)
● .Net Core (Our Course Focus)(1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 3.0, 3.1…. 5,6,7,8) (.Net 8)
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What is .Net 8 ?
● What can we do with .Net?
○ We can develop applications like Console App, Windows App, Web App,
Mobile App, Web services, Windows services, etc.,
● Why .Net?
○ Because it is a language and OS neutral platform.
● What is .Net?
○ It is a language and OS neutral platform on which we can develop any kind
of applications.
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Language Neutral
● Same class library with different syntax
○ Console::WriteLine(L"C++ Hello, World!");
○ Console.WriteLine("C# Hello, World!");
○ Console.WriteLine ("VB Hello, World!")
.NET Framework 4.x
● It is our old framework enhanced that we have been using for more than a decade.
● It is not open source
● It can target only windows OS
.NET Core X.X (1, 2, 3, 5,6,7,8.…)
● It is a new framework similar to .net framework maintained by Microsoft and the
.NET community on GitHub.
● It is open source.
● It can target Windows, Linux & Mac OS.
C# & .Net Journey
“.Net was language neutral,
.Net Core is OS neutral.”
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Get Started With Our First C# Program

● Write a program in any text editor say notepad.
● Compile the program from developer command prompt.
● Run the program. ((csc /target:library Test.cs for dll))

Assembly
IL
First.cs Compile (CSC) Execute Output
MSIL
(.dll or .exe)
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Demo
Let’s see a demo on C# First Program
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Assemblies
● Assemblies are the building blocks of .NET applications; they form the
fundamental unit of deployment.
● An Assembly is a logical unit of code.
● Assembly physically exist as DLLs or EXEs.
● Every assembly file contains:
○ Information about itself called as Assembly Manifest.
○ Information about classes called as Metadata.
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Demo
Let’s see a demo on Assemblies
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Getting Started With Visual Studio 2022

● Getting familiar with projects targeting and visual studio 2022
● Write a hello world program.
● Understand Console.WriteLine() string formatting.
● Understand Console.ReadLine() string parsing.
● Writing a simple program for arithmetic operations.
● Understand Type Casting.
● Understanding how to debug a program.
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Demo
Let’s see a demo on Getting Started
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Data Types - Value Type

● Signed integral: sbyte, short, int, long
● Unsigned integral: byte, ushort, uint, ulong
● characters: char
● floating point: float, double
● Boolean: bool
● Enum types
● Struct types
● Nullable value types

Note : Ranges : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/s3f49ktz.aspx

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Data Types - Ref Type

● string
● Array
● Class : object
● Interface
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var Vs dynamic
● var is static typed. It identifies the variable type at compile time itself.
○ var type is fixed with initialization
○ var x=”ManzoorTheTrainer”;
● dynamic is a runtime dispatch type. It identifies the variable type at runtime.
○ dynamic x=”ManzoorTheTrainer”;
○ dynamic type can changes where it is required
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Demo
Let’s see a demo on var Vs dynamic
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Control Structures
● Conditional Statements ● Iterative Statements
○ If ○ For
○ If else ○ While
○ Else if ladder ○ Do while
○ Switch case default ○ foreach
● UnConditional Statements
○ Goto
○ Continue
○ break
○ return
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Demo
Let’s see a demo on Control Structures
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Assignment
Write a C# program which takes current meter reading (CMR), previous meter
reading (PMR) and type of connection as input and displays the bill amount.

● Domestic consumers: ● Non-domestic/Commercial:

○ 0-200 units: Rs 5 per unit ○ 0-100 units: Rs 7.50 per unit
○ 201-300: Rs 7.20 per unit ○ 101-300: Rs 8.90 per unit
○ 301-400: Rs 8.50 per unit ○ 301-500: Rs 9.40 per unit
○ 401-800: Rs 9 per unit ○ Above 500: Rs 10 per unit
○ Above 800 units: Rs 9.50 per unit
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Arrays
● It is a user defined collection of homogeneous data type elements.
● We use index to access an element of an array.
● When declaring an Array, specify the type, name, dimensions, and size.
● int[ ] myArray = { 5, 10, 15 };
● int[] myArray = new int[3];
○ myArray[0]=5;
○ myArray[1]=10;
○ myArray[2]=15;
● Int[,] my2dArray = new int[2,3];
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Demo
Let’s see a demo on Arrays & foreach Loop
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Structures
● It is a user defined collection of
heterogeneous data type elements.
● We use period operator to access
an element of the structure.
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Structures
With Top Level
Statement
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Demo
Let’s see a demo on Structures
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Oriented Programming Through C#

Student

● Objects ● rollNo
○ Jack Properties ● name
● marks
○ Peter
Class
○ John
● getDetails()
Methods
● getResult()
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Object & Class

● Object
○ Any real time entity is called as an object.
○ Every object consist of state(look and feel) and behaviour(what is does).
○ States are called as properties and behaviors are called as methods.
● Classes
○ Class is a blueprint of an object.
○ It consist of fields which are not allowed to access from outside the class.
○ It also consist of methods which are allowed to access from outside the class.
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Fields

Defining A Class
● Defining A Class
● Defining Fields
● Defining Methods
Methods
● Public and Private specifiers
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Demo
For Defining A Class
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Object Creation
● Creating Object
● Accessing Method
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Demo
For Object Creation
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Constructor
● Why do i need constructor?
● Creating a constructor
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Constructor
● It’s a special method with same name as class name
● Usually constructor is public.
● It won’t have any return type.
● It may or may not have parameters.
● Constructor with no parameters is called as default constructor.
● Constructor is invoked automatically when we create an object.
● You cannot invoke constructor explicitly.
● It is used to initialize an object.
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Demo
For Constructor
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Constructor Overloading
● If we have more than one constructor
with different parameters then we call
it as constructor overloading
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Demo
For Constructor Overloading
 Method Overloading
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Compile Time or Static

Polymorphism
● If a class contains more than one
method with same name and different
parameters then we call this as method
overloading
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Demo
For Method Overloading
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this Keyword
● this keyword is a default object of current
class.
● In whatever class we use “this” keyword
it acts like its object
● ‘this’ keyword has two uses.
● ‘this’ keyword is used to refer the
members of same class.
● It is also used to invoke a constructor
from another constructor of the same
class.
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Demo
For this Keyword
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Latest Style Of Class

● Properties are special kind of methods to access
any field in a secured way. It contains two kinds of
methods i.e., getter and setter.
● Getter method is to read the value of the private
field. Setter method is to write the value of the
private field.
● It looks like we are accessing the fields directly.
But, internally it works as methods where we can
perform some kind of validations.
● With auto properties
● Latest style of object creation
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Demo
For Latest Class Style
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Static Variables
● Any member of a class declared with
the keyword static is called as static
member.
● Memory for static variable is allocated
only once and is shared by all the
objects of that class.
● We can access static variables directly
with the class name if they are public.
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Demo
For Static Variables
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Static Constructor
● Static constructor is a constructor
which is declared with the keyword as
static.
● Static constructor is use to initialize
static variables (private).
● Static constructor does not have any
access modifiers (i.e,Public,Private).
● Static constructor is parameter less.
● There can be one and only one static
constructor in a class.
● Static Constructor is invoked before
creation of any object.
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Demo
For Static Constructor
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Static Methods
● Static method is a method which is
declared with the keyword static.
● There can be n number of static
methods in a class.
● Static methods can access only static
variables.
● Static method can be directly accessed
by Class name.
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Demo
For Static Methods
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Static Class
● Static class is a class which is declared
with static keyword.
● Static class should contain only static
methods.
● Static class does not allow creation of
class reference or object.
● Like Console is a predefined static
class which contains all static methods
like WriteLine()
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Demo
For Static Classes
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Namespaces
● Namespaces are logical group of
classes and namespaces.
● It is used for avoiding name clashes
between two sets of code.
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Demo
For Namespaces
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Reusable Component Or .dll

UI / PLL BLL
Windows
App

Organization.dll
Web App Employee.cs
GetSalary()
Console
App
Note : Every UI/PLL will have a local copy of dll, any changes made dll will not be reflected
automatically
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Organization.dll
● Create a new project Organization.
● Create a class Employee
● Create a method GetSalary()
● Create a Console UI
● Add dll reference
● Add namespace
● Create Object of Employee
● Call GetSalary
● public and internal class
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Demo
For dll Consumption in ConsoleUI
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Inheritance
● Deriving a new class from an existing
class is called Inheritance.
● Existing class is called as base class.
● New class is called as derived class.
● Everything from the base class gets
inherited except private members.
IS - A
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Demo
For Inheritance
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Types Of Inheritances
● Single Inheritance : If a derived class has a
single base class then it is called as single Single
inheritance i.e., B (Derived) → A(Base)
● Multilevel Inheritance : If a class is derived
from a class which is already a derived class
then it is called as multi level inheritance.
i.e., A(Base) ← B (Derived) ← C(Derived)
● Multiple Inheritance : If a class is derived
from more than one class then it is called as
multiple inheritance.i.e., A,B(Base) ←
C(Derived) Multilevel
● C# does not support multiple inheritance
using classes.
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Demo
For Types Of Inheritance
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Protected Members
● Protected members of a classes can be
inherited in the child class.
● Protected members of a class cannot
be accessed from outside of a class.
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Demo
For Protected Members
Constructor Chaining (Or)
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base keyword
● Any constructor of child class always
invokes default constructor of base
class.
● Calling the base class constructor
from the child class’ constructor using
base keyword is called as constructor
chaining.
● base keyword is a default object of its
base class.
● It is also used to refer the members of
base class from derived class.
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Method Overriding
● If a method in the derived class has the
same signature as that of in the base
class with different implementation
then we say that method in the derived
class overrides the method of base class.
● This process is called as Method
Overriding.
● The method of the base class should be
declared as virtual and method in
derived class should be declared as
override.
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Other Use Of base

● base keyword is also used to refer the
members of base class from derived
class.
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Demo
For Method Overriding
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Sealed Method & Class

● A sealed method is a method which is
declared with the keyword sealed and it
cannot be overridden by the derived class.
● But we can invoke this method.
● Sealed keyword is always used in
combination with override keyword.
● A sealed class is the class which is
declared with the keyword sealed and it
cannot be derived by other classes.
● But we can create the objects of sealed
class
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Demo
For Sealed Methods And Classes
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Abstract Method
● An abstract method is a method which
is declared with the keyword abstract.
● It does not have body.
● It should be implemented by the
derived class.
● If a method is abstract then the class
should be abstract.
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Demo
For Abstract Method
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Abstract Class
● It is the blueprint of the problem.
● It says what to do but not how to do.
● An abstract class is the class which is
declared with the keyword abstract.
● Basically it contains at least one
abstract method.
● It’s object cannot be created.
● But it’s reference can be created.
● It is used to implement runtime
polymorphism.
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Demo
For Abstract Class
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Runtime or Dynamic Polymorphism

● Deriving the abstract class by one or more classes and overriding all the abstract
methods.
● Creating the reference of abstract class and making it an object of derived class
based on user’s input.
● And calling the method of abstract class.
● The method gets referred from derived class at runtime based on user input.
● This complete process is called as runtime polymorphisms.
Runtime or Dynamic Polymorphism
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Runtime or Dynamic Polymorphism
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Demo
For Runtime Polymorphism
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Interface
● An interface is a pure abstract class.
● It is a reference type and it contains only
abstract members.
● Any implementation must be placed in
class that implements them.
● All the member declarations inside
interface are implicitly public and
abstract.
● We can implement multiple inheritance
using interfaces.
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Demo
For Interfaces
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Partial Class
● Partial class is a class which is declared
with partial keyword.
● Its implementation can be spread over
multiple files.
● Multiple classes prefixed with partial
keyword with same class name and
different methods in different files, acts
as a single class with all the methods.
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Demo
For Partial Classes
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Struct vs Classes
● Structs Only:
○ Cannot support inheritance
○ Are value types
○ Are passed by value (like integers)
○ Cannot have a null reference (unless Nullable is used)
○ Do not have a memory overhead per new instance
● Classes Only:
○ Can support inheritance
○ Are reference (pointer) types
○ The reference can be null
○ Have memory overhead per new instance
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Collection Classes
● Collection is an alternate way of storing
multiple variable number of elements or
objects.
● Like Stack, Queue, ArrayList , etc., are
collection classes present in
System.Collection namespace
● There is no type safety in collection
classes i.e., in a collection object of a
Queue we can store few integers and few
strings.
● We need to type cast the elements while
accessing it.
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Demo
For Collection Classes
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Generic Collection Classes

● Generic collection is an alternate way of
storing multiple variable number of
elements or objects.
● Like Stack, Queue, List , etc., are generic
collection classes present in
System.Collection.Generic namespace
● There is type safety in generic collection
classes i.e., in a generic collection object
of a Queue we cannot store few integers
and few strings.
● Hence it is strongly typed.
● We need not to type cast the elements
while accessing it.
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Demo
For Generic Collection Classes
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Exception Handling
● Runtime error is called as an exception.
● Exception handling is an in-built
mechanism in .NET core to detect and
handle runtime errors.
● C# provides three keywords try, catch
and finally to do exception handling.
● The try encloses the statements that
might throw an exception.
● The catch handles an exception if one
exists.
● The finally can be used for doing any
clean up process.
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Demo
For Exception Handling
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Thanks