BIOLOGY PROJECT
Title: Collect the information of Bird from your surrounding area.
Aim: To study about Birds from our surrounding area.
Prepared by – Aditya Bhardwaj
Class – 11th “A”
Roll no – 25
PROJECT WRITING
Introduction: Birds are ‘warm blooded’ vertebrates, with fore limbs modified to wings and
skin covered with feathers forelimbs modified as wings gives power of flight. Also, one
oviparous and having internal fertilizations. The skull and lower jaw are extended forward
into mandibles which make a beak. Birds possess a third transparent eyelid. The nictating
membrane, which can move across the eye. Steam lined body with slight adaptation the
forewings are modified as wings with a large surface area provided by feathers. However,
rather than being an adaptation into flight, to make place.
There are two types of birds -
1. Terrestrial: Terrestrial birds are species that primarily live, forage, and nest on the
ground rather than in trees. They are typically adapted to ground-dwelling, with strong legs
for walking or running, and some have limited flying abilities. Examples ostriches, emus,
pheasants, quails, and kiwis.
2. Aquatic: Aquatic birds are species that live in or around water bodies, such as lakes,
rivers, and oceans, and are adapted for swimming, diving, or wading. These birds often
have specialized features like webbed feet for swimming or long legs for wading. Examples
the Indian spot-billed duck, little cormorant, greater flamingo and black-winged stilt.
Description of methods used (Methodology) –
1. Observation: Conduct regular bird-watching sessions in different areas of
Maharashtra, such as parks, gardens, and residential areas.
2. Documentation: Record observations using a notebook and camera. Note the
species, number of individuals, behavior, and habitat.
3. Identification: Use bird guidebooks to identify and confirm species.
4. Photography: Capture clear images of the birds for visual documentation.
1. Common Birds Observed:
• House Sparrow:
o Description: Small bird with brown and grey plumage.
o Habitat: Urban areas, often near human habitation.
o Behavior: Social, often seen in flocks.
• Rock Pigeon:
o Description: Medium-sized bird with grey body and iridescent neck.
o Habitat: Urban areas, rooftops, and public squares.
o Behavior: Gregarious, often seen in large groups.
• Common Myna:
o Description: Medium-sized bird with brown body, yellow beak, and eye
patches.
o Habitat: Urban and suburban areas, gardens.
o Behavior: Bold and noisy, often seen in pairs.
2. Rare or Seasonal Birds:
• Indian Peafowl:
o Description: Large bird with iridescent blue and green plumage.
o Habitat: Forest edges, farmlands.
o Behavior: Solitary or in small groups, known for their elaborate courtship
displays.
• Black Kite:
o Description: Medium-sized raptor with dark brown plumage and forked tail.
o Habitat: Urban areas, near water bodies.
o Behavior: Scavenger, often seen soaring in the sky.
Asian Koel:
• Description: Large bird with red eyes and glossy black (male) or brownish (female)
plumage.
• Habitat: Found in wooded areas, gardens, and urban parks.
• Behavior: Known for brood parasitism, laying eggs in other birds’ nests. Feeds on
fruits and insects. Recognizable by its loud, melodious calls.
3. Bird Habitats:
• Urban Gardens: Provide food and nesting sites for many bird species.
• Water Bodies: Attract waterfowl and other birds that feed on aquatic organisms.
• Residential Areas: Offer shelter and food sources, especially for species like
sparrows and pigeons.
Conclusion: Maharashtra is blessed with a rich diversity of bird species, each contributing
uniquely to our ecosystem. Birds play crucial roles in maintaining ecological balance and supporting
food cycles through pollination, seed dispersal, and pest control. Their presence enhances our
environment, but they face threats from habitat loss and pollution. It is essential to conserve these
birds by protecting their habitats and supporting conservation efforts. By doing so, we ensure the
health of our ecosystems and the continued vibrancy of our natural surroundings. Let us commit to
protecting and cherishing the avian diversity of Maharashtra for the benefit of all living beings.
This project gives information about different types of birds found in Maharashtra.
